Adsis ô tantùm, et propiùs tua numina firmes! Sic memorat: geminasque legit de classe biremes, Remigioque aptat: socios simul instruit armis. 81. Autem ecce mon- Ecce autem subitum atque oculis mirabile monstrum! strum subitum atque Candida per sylvam cum fœtu concolor albo mirabile offert sese ocu- Procubuit, viridique in litore conspicitur sus: lis; candida sus, conco lor, cum albo fœtu pro- Quam pius Æneas, tibi enim, tibi, maxima Juno, vii 92. Nemus insuotum NOTES. bull. The reason of this is, that the roaring noise of rivers resembles the bellowing of that animal. See Geor. IV. 372. The Tiber could not be called the king of Italian rivers from its magnitude; that belongs to the Eridanus or Po, called the king of ri vers. Geor. I. 432. There must be some other reason for it; the future magnitude and glory of Rome, built on its banks; or Eneas may be supposed to speak from his own knowledge, supposing the Tiber to be the largest river. Fluvius, here, is plainly in the vocative case. 78. Numina: oracles-prophetic declarations. 84. Enim tibi. Mr. Dryden says the word enim was of such necessity among the Romans, that a sacrifice could not be performed without it. But this appears a notion entirely his own. Servius says, it is merely expletive and ornamental. It is plain there is an ellipsis, which, to make sense, must be filled. Æneas had just been ordered by Tiberinus to offer prayers and supplications to Juno, and to overcome her resentmert by vows and offerings. He sacrifices (mactal) to thee, O supreme Juno; for to thee he was commanded, &c. As Jupiter is called Marimus, so Juno, his consort and queen, is called Maxima. For the same reason, she is sometimes called omnipotens. 35. Grge: her pigs-litter of pigs. 86. Ea nocte: in that night. Tumentem iit: it smoothed (lowered) its swelling current 80 89. Ut sterneret: that it might level the surface of its waters in the manner, &c. Aquis: the dat. in the sense of the gen. 90. Secundo rumore. By this we are, most probably, to understand the shouts and acclamations with which they animated each other, under the assurance of a prosperous issue. This assurance they had from the omen of the white sow. They understood by this that they should succeed to their wishes. 91. Uncta abies labitur: the ship glides easily along on the water, as if it were moving down the current. Abies: properly. the fir-tree; by meton. a ship, because ships were made of that wood. This is the sense given by Ruæus and Davidson. Heyne connects sccundo rumore with uncta abies, understanding by it the noise made in the water by the oars and the keel as they moved along. Valpy is of the same opinion. It appears to be an unnecessary refinement. 92. Insuetum: unaccustomed to such sights. His spectaculis, says Ruæus. 94. Fatigant: in the sense of traducunt. Remigio: in rowing. 95. Flexus: the windings and flexures of the river. 96. Secant virides: they cut the verdant trees in the smooth surface-the shades of the trees, which appeared in the water of the river, by meton. 97. Medium orbem. This is a fine circumlocution for the middle of the day. The sun had ascended the middle of his course Equavit: tum res inopes Evandrus habebat. 111. Ipseque, telo rap to, volat obvius iis, e procul è tumulo inquit 114. Qui estis quoao Unde venistis 115 genus? 120 Qui genus? unde domo? pacemne huc fertis, an arına ? Non equidein extimui, Danaûm quòd ductor et Arcas, NOTES. or circuit. The next day after their departure, they arrived at the city of Evander'; it was small, and its inhabitants poor. 102. Arcas rex. Evander is called Arcas, an Arcadian, because he was a native of that country. Honorem: in the sense of sacrificium. 103. Amphitryoniada magno: to great Hercules. A patronymic noun, from Amphitryon, the husband of Alemene, the mother of Hercules, by Jove. See En. VI. 801. 106. Dabant: in the sense of offerebant. 108. Tacitis: silent-not moving. The impetus, which the galleys had already received, was carrying them forward, without the assistance of the oars, which consequently were still. The oarsmen were resting upon their oars at the same time, incumbere, &c. 113. Quò tenditis: whither are you going? 114. Arma: in the sense of bellum. 118. Profugos. Most probably we are to understand by this, the Trojans driven from their native country, and wandering from 124. Accepit nean. manu 127. Cui fortuna vo 125 luit me precari, et prætendere 129. Equidem non extimui facere id, quòd fores ductor Danaûm, et Arcas, quòdque place to place without any habitation. The same term he used, Æn. I. 2. in reference to his leaving his own country, &c. As Pallas had proposed his questions in a brief manner, so Æneas is as brief in his answers. Trojugenas profugos answers to the ques·tion: Qui genus, et unde domo? The olivebranch is a sufficient reply to Pacem-ne huc fertis, an arma? To remove any suspicion arising from their arms, he informs him they were Inimica Latinis. Having been made satisfied of their friendly intention, Pallas immediately invites them on shore. 122. Egredere: come on shore-land, whoever thou art-whatever be thy name. Eneas had informed him they were Trojans, but had not as yet told his name. 126. Regem: Evander. 128. Ramos complos vittâ: to hold out boughs adorned with the fillet. Olive boughs wrapped around with wreaths of white wool, hanging down over the hands of the suppliant, were emblems of peace, and denoted that the persons came with a friendly tention. Quòdque à stirpe fores geminis conjunctus Atridis; 131 Sed mea me virtus, et sancta oracula Divûm, 138. Quem conceptum Vobis Mercurius paier est, quem candida Maia candida Maia fudit 142. Sic genus ambo rum nostrum scindit se 143. Ego fretus his rebus non pepigiam nos quoque 135 140 Cyllenes gelido conceptum vertice fudit. but to 145 150 146. Eadem Daunia Gens eadem, quæ te, crudeli Daunia bello gens, quæ insequitur te Insequitur: nos si pellant, nihil abfore credunt, crudeli bello, insequitur Quin omnem Hesperiam penitùs sua sub juga mittant, 149. Et teneant mare, Et mare, quod suprà, teneant, quodque alluit infrà. quod alluit eam suprà, Accipe, daque fidem. Sunt nobis fortia bello quodque alluit eam infrà Pectora, sunt animi, et rebus spectata juventus. 152. Ille Evander jam- Dixerat Æneas: ille os oculosque loquentis dudum lustrabat os ocu- Jamdudum, et totum lustrabat lumine corpus. losque Æneæ loquentis Tunc sic pauca refert: Ut te, fortissime Teucrûm, NOTES. 130. A stirpe fores conjunctus, &c. It appears that Evander was related to the sons of Atreus, Agamemnon and Menelaus, the bitter enemies of the Trojans. Atlas was their common ancestor. He had seven daughters; of one of them Jove begat Tantalus, the grandfather of Atreus. Of another (Maia) he begat Mercury, the reputed father of Evander. Stirpe: in the sense of origine. 131. Oracula: these were the answers or responses of the Sibyl. See En. VI. 96. Didita: diffused-spread. 132. Cognati patres. Electra, the daughter of Atlas, was the mother of Dardanus, by Jove; so that Eneas and Evander had the same common origin-Atlas and Jove. Their ancestors were relations. 133. Fatis: by their power-authority; they forced or impelled me hither by their authority. Yet he came willingly-their commands and directions concurred with kis own inclinations. 135. Cretus: sprung from Electra, the daughter of Atlas. Here the poet traces the line of relationship between Æneas and Evander. 137. Edidit: in the sense of genuit. 139. Fudit: in the sense of peperit, vel edidit. 140. Si credimus quicquam: if we give any credit to things heard to tradition. Atlas. See En. IV. 247. and Geor. 1. 138. Cyllenes: gen. of Cyllene: a mountain in Arcadia, where Mercury was born; whence he is sometimes called Cyllenus. 143. Genus: in the sense of gens, vel familia. 144. Non pepigi prima: I did not make the first trial of your inclinations in this matter by ambassadors, nor by art; but I have come in person-I have exposed my self and my life to the consequences. Pe pigi: the perf. of pango. Heyne says, non priùs te sentovi per legatos, et callida consilia, which is evidently the sense of the passage. 146. Daunia: an adj. from Daunus, the father of Turnus.-Rutulian or Italian. 149. Et mare, quod: should they be able to expel us, they hope to be able to subject all Italy, from the Adriatic sea on the north, to the Tuscan or lower sea on the south. 151. Spectata rebus: tried or exercised in action. Animi: courage. 153. Lustrabat lumine: surveyed with an attentive eye. Lumine: in the sense of oculis. 157. Hesiones: Hesione was the daughter of Laomedon, king of Troy. She married Telamon, king of the island of Salamis, in the Sinus Saronicus. Hesiones: gen. of Hesione; put in apposition with sororis. 159. Protinus. Dr. Trapp renders this, in his way. But Arcadia lies to the west of Salamis. It must inean, at the same time-→→→ continuing his journey forward. Priam, being Accipio, agnoscoque libens! ut verba parentis Nobiscum, et jam nunc sociorum assuescite mensis. Hæc ubi dicta, dapes jubet et sublata reponi Pocula, gramineoque viros locat ipse sedili : 霄 Præcipuumque toro et villosi pelle leonis 155 160 165 @ 170 175 Viscera tosta ferunt taurorum, onerantque canistris 180 NOTES. on a visit to his sister at Salamis, proceeded with his company and attendants to visit the cool borders of Arcadia. Anchises accompanied him, with whom Evander, then a youth, contracted an acquaintance and friendship. 160. Flore. Flos here may mean the down on his cheeks, before he had properly a beard. Ruæus says, lanugine. Vestibat: by syn. for vestiebat. 165. Phenei. Phencum or Pheneus, was a city in Arcadia, near mount Cyllene. Duri: I led Anchises, &c. 166. Lycias: an adj. from Lycia, a country of Asia Minor, whose inhabitants were famed for their skill in archery. Here Apollo, the god of the bow, had a famous temple. 169. Mihi: in the sense of mea, agreeing with dextra. 171. Auxilio. This may refer to the men, whom Evander sent with him to the war, and opibus, to the provisions, and other necessaries, with which he furnished him. 172. Intereà hæc sacra. This is an episode of the finest kind, and adds much to the excellence of this book. The story in brief is this: Cacus, a monster, the son of Vu. an, half man and half beast, had his residence in an inaccessible mountain, whence he used 166. Ille discedens dedit mihi 172. Interea, quando vos venistis huc tanquam amici, javentes celebrate nobiscum hæc annua sacra, quæ est nefas differre 175. Ubi hæc dicta suni, jubet to make excursions into the plain, and plunder and lay waste the country. Hercules, on his return froin Spain, happened to pass this way; and having discovered the monster, by the lowing of one of his heifers, which he had stolen, came upon him and slew him. For this act, the inhabitants considered him their benefactor, and paid him divine honors. 175. Reponi: to be replaced-brought back. They had finished their repast, and the dishes had been removed. 178. Acerno: maple-made of the wood of the maple-tree. 179. Sacerdos ara. The feast at the end of the ceremony was always considered as a part of the sacrifice. The priest, therefore, does nothing out of character in serving at this entertainment. 180. Tosta viscera: the roasted flesh, &c. 181. Dona laborala Cereris: a circumlocution for bread. Bacchum: for vinum. 183. Tergo perpetui bovis: they feast apon the chine of an entire ox, and the hallowed entrails. At some of their entertainments, it is evident from Homer, that the ancients used to roast, and serve up whole oxen. Homer assigns the chine to his heroos, and that whole and unbroken. Postquam exempta fames, et amor compressus edendi, Rex Evandrus ait: Non hæc solemnia nobis, Has ex more dapes, hanc tanti numinis aram, 185 Vana superstitio veterumve ignara Deorum 19C Servati facimus, meritosque ncvamus honores. Jam primùm saxis suspensam hanc aspice rupem : 191. Ut moles disjectæ Disjectæ procul ut moles, desertaque montis sunt procul Stat domus, et scopuli ingentem traxêre ruinam. 193. Hic fuit spelunca Hic spelunca fuit vasto submota recessu, submota vasto recessu, Semihominis Caci facies quam dira tenebat, quam inaccessam radiis solis, dira facies Solis inaccessam radiis; semperque recenti Cæde tepebat humus; foribusque affixa superbis Ora virûm tristi pendebant pallida tabo." Huic monstro Vulcanus erat pater: illius atros ha 199. Ille vomens atros Ore vomens ignes, magnâ se mole ferebat. ignes illius patris ex ore Attulit et nobis aliquando optantibus ætas ferebat se 201. Nam Alcides ade- Auxilium adventumque Dei: ram maximus ultor, rat, maximus ultor cri- Tergemini nece Geryonis spoliisque superbus, minum, superbus nece, Alcides aderat : taurosque hàc victor agebat spoliisque Ingentes vallemque boves amnemque tenebant. At furiis Caci mens effera, ne quid inausum Aut intractatum scelerisve dolive fuisset, 209. Atque occultabat Quatuor à stabulis præstanti corpore tauros hos opaco saxo, tractos Avertit, totidem formâ superante juvencas. in speluncam caudâ, raptosque versis indiciis vi- Atque hos, ne qua forent pedibus vestigia rectis, Caudâ in speluncam tractos, versisque viarum arum, ne qua vestigia forent ex pedibus rectis Indiciis raptos, şaxo occultabat opaco. NOTES. 184. Compressus: was allayed. The verb est is understood. 186. Hanc aram: this sacrifice in honor of so great a god. Ara, by meton. for the sacrifice offered upon it. 187. Non superstitio: not superstition, vain and ignorant of the old gods, hath imposed on us these solemn rites, these, &c. Superstition here is opposed to religion. The former was the worship of modern gods, to the neglect of the old ones; while the latter was adhering to the established worship of the old gods exclusively. The religion of Evander was not a false superstition, disregarding the ancient gods, and the established order of their worship. It was founded in gratitude to Hercules, for a great deliverance from a most cruel monster. 139. Meritos honores: Ruæus says, meritum cultum. Novamus: we repeat. 191. Ut in the sense of quomodo. 194. Dira facies Caci, &c. Dr. Trapp observes, it is a peculiar elegancy in poetry, to put a person's most remarkable quality in a substantive, as an epithet to him in an adjective. Thus: sapientia Lali, for wise Lælius. Vis Herculis, for powerful Hercules. Dira facies Casi, for direful-looking Cacus. See supra. 172. 197. Ora in the sense of capita. 195 200 205 210 199. Magnâ mole: of vast size of magnitude. 200. Etas aliquando: time at length brought also aid, and the presence of a god to us wishing it-greatly desiring it. Et: also. It brought aid, &c. to us, as it had done to many others, whose grievances Hercules had redressed. 202. Geryonis: Geryon was said to have three bodies, because he reigned over the three islands, Majorca, Minorca, and Ivica, on the Spanish coast of the Mediterranean. See Æn. vi. 289. 204. Amnem: this must mean the banks of the river, and not the river itself. Effera: in the sense of concitata. Mens Caci: the mind of Cacus, by meton. for Cacus himself. 208. Avertit: in the sense of abducit. Superante in the sense of eximia, vel pulchra. The prep. è is understood, to govern formâ. It also governs corpore, in the preceding line. 209. Ne qua vestigia forent, &c. The meaning is that Cacus drew the cattle backward to his cave, that their tracks might seem to proceed from it; and might lead the searcher for them the other way; and by that means prevent discovery. 211. Saxo opaco. By this we may under stand his cave, which was in a rocky mountain. Or by saxum, the stone which shut the mouth or entrance of his cave. He hid |