710. Unà cum eo ibant ingens Amiterna cohors, priscique sea rura Velini; qui co lunt Urgeri volucrum raucarum ad litora nubem. 705 710 712. Illi quoque ibant Qui Nomentum urbem, qui rosea rura Velini : qui colunt urbem No- Qui Tetricæ horrentes rupes, monteinque Severum, mentum, qui colunt ro- Casperiamque colunt, Forulosque et flumen Himellæ. Qui Tybrin Fabarimque bibunt: quos frigida misit 715 715. Illi ibant quoque, Nursia; et Hortinæ classes, populique Latini : quos frigida Nursia mi- Quosque secans infaustum interluit Allia nomen. Quàm multi Libyco volvuntur marmore fluctus, Sævus ubi Orion hybernis conditur undis ; sit 717. Illi que, quos Allia, infaustum nomen, secans interluit, ibunt Vel quàm Sole novo densa torrentur aristæ, Aut Hermi campo, aut Lyciæ flaventibus arvis. unà cum eo. NOTES. 707. Clausus. After the expulsion of the kings, Alta Clausus removed with his family, and about five thousand clients and friends, from Regillum, a city of the Sabines, to Rome. After which he took the name of Appius. He was admitted into the patrician order. The poet makes the Clausus here named, to have been one of his ancestors. Instar agminis: himself like a mighty army-a match for. 708. Diffunditur: in the sense of propagatur, vel spargitur. 709. In partem Sabinis. The poet here alludes to the union of the Sabines and Romans, which put an end to the wars between the two nations. These were the conditions of the compact. The Sabines were to remove to Rome, which was to retain its name. The citizens were to take the name of Quiriles, from Cures, a city of the Sabines; and the government was to be jointly administered by Tatius and Romulus. 710. Amiterna cohors. The poet here enumerates various places, all belonging to the Sabines. Amiterna: an adj. from Amiternum, a town situated among the Apennines. Quirites were the inhabitants of Cures, whence the Romans were afterward sometimes called Quirites. Eretum was a village near the confluence of the rivers Allia and Tiber. Hodie, Monte Rotundo. Mutusca: a village beyond the Palus Reatina, to the north. Hodie, Monte Leone. Nomentum, was a town near Eretum on the east. Hodie, Nomentano. 712. Rosca rura. Part of the country of Reatina, according to Pliny, was called rosea, from ros, dew; which, falling copiously, fertilized that part of the country. Mr. Addison observes, that the river Velinus is shaded by a green forest inade up of several kinds of trees, which preserve their ver 720 dure all the year. The neighboring moun- uncertain. 714. Casperiam. Casperia was a town not far from Cures. Hodie, Aspera. Forulos. Foruli was a town in the neighborhood of Amiternum. Himella. This was a small river falling into the Tiber, a little below Cures. Hodie, Aia. 716. Nursia. This city was situated among the Apennines, and much exposed to frost. Hence the epithet, frigida. Hodie, Norica. Hortina: an adj. from Hortanum or Horta, a city at the confluence of the Nar and Tiber. Classes. It is plain that classes here means land forces, or troops in general. Heyne says, copia. 717. Allia. A river that runs into the Tiber a little below Eretum. Here the Romans were completely defeated by the Galli Senones, under Brennus, their king: on which account, Virgil calls it infaustum no men: an inauspicious name. Secans: in the sense of dividens. 719. Orion: a constellation much dreaded by mariners; hence called savus: stormy. 720. Novo sole. By this interpreters understand the sun in the beginning of the summer. But perhaps the sun is called new, not in respect of the year; but of the arista, the ears of corn. Hermi. Hermus was a river of Lydia, a most fertile country. Lycie. This was a country on the south of Scuta sonant, pulsuque pedum tremit excita tellus. Nec tu carminibus nostris indictus abibis, 739. Veniuntque, qui tenent Quique Rufas, Batulumque tenent, atque arva Celennæ : 740. Et illi quos mœEt quos maliferæ despectant monia Abellæ : NOTES. 740 nia Asia Minor, abounding in corn. Torrentur: Manus Oscorum, The Osci, were a people dried-ripened. 722. Excita: in the sense of commota. 723. Hinc: in the next place, Halesus, &c. 724. Halesus. Either the natural son of Agamemnon, or an illegitimate one. Or perhaps by Agamemnonius, we are to understand simply his being a Greek by birth. Curru for currui. 1 726. Massica. The poet here mentions several nations and places in Campania. Massica: an adj. agreeing with arva understood. Massicus was a mountain in Campania near the sea, in the confines of Latium, very fertile in vines. Aurunci patres. The Aurunci, or Ausones, were the most ancient inhabitants of Italy, and therefore styled Patres. They were between Campauia and the Volsci. Sidicina: plu. of Sidicinum, a tract of country to the eastward of the Aurunci, bordering upon the sea. Cales: plu. a town built upon the mountain Massicus. Hodie, Calri. 729. Accola: the inhabitants of the fordable river Vulturnus-those who live near the river, &c. came also to the war. Mr. Davidson observes that vadosus must be used here metaphorically, to signify dangerous; or it must refer to those parts of the river near the mouth, where it spreads and runs with a gentle course, and consequently is shoal. The Vulturnus is a river of Campania, noted for its rapidity. Vadosus: from radum, a shoal or sand-bank. This river takes its rise in the Apennines, and after a very circuitous course falls into the sea not far from the ancient Cuma. Saliculus: an inhabitant of Saticula, or Satricula, a town to the east of Vulturnus, and Capua. descended from the ancient Ausones, and in habited the city Capua. All these troops were under the command of Halesus. 730. Teretes aclides. The aclis was a kind of missive weapon, with a sharp point at each end. It had a string fastened to it, by which the owner drew it back after a throw. These in close fight were formidable weapons. It is probable they bound them about the wrist with a cord, (flagello,) or string, by way of security. 732. Falcati: in the sense of curvi. 733. Indictus: unsung-unmentioned. 734. Telon: acc. of Greek ending. Sebe thide the nymph Sebethis. 735. Capreas: Caprea, an island over against the Surrentinum Promontorium. The Teleboi, a colony from Epirus, possessed it. Hodie, Capri. 737. Premebat ditione : held in bondage-in subjection. 738. Sarnus. A river flowing through Campania, into the Sinus Neapolitanus, Sarrastes. These were the inhabitants of the promontory Surrentinum, in that part of Italy called Campania. Equora: in the sense of campi vel arva. Equor, properly signifies any plane, or level surface, whether land or water 739. Rufas: Rufæ, or Rufræ, was a city farther to the east. Hodie, Rufo. The situation of Batulum and Celennæ is unknown. 740. Abella: Abella a town to the north of Sarnus, in the confines of Campania and the Harpini. It was celebrated for that sort of nuts, called nuces avellanæ, or filbert-nuts, Hodie, Avella. It was built on an elevated Teutonico ritu soliti torquere cateias ; 742. Queis tegmina Tegmina queis capitum raptus de subere cortex, capitum sunt cortex Eratæque micant peltæ, micat æreus ensis. Et te montosæ misêre in prælia Nursæ, Ufens, insignem famâ et felicibus armis : 746. Cui præcipuè Horrida præcipuè cui gens, assuetaque multo Equicola in duris gle- Venatu nemorum, duris Æquicola glebis. bis, horrida gens, assuetaque ulto venatu ne- Armati terram exercent; semperque recentes morum, paret Convectare juvat prædas, et vivere rapto. 750. Quin et fortissi- Quin et Marrubiâ venit de gente sacerdos, mus Umbro venit missu Fronde super galeam et felici comptus olivâ, regis Archippi, sacerdos de Marrubiâ gente Archippi regis missu, fortissimus Umbro: Vipereo generi et graviter spirantibus hydris 754. Qui solebat spar- Spargere qui somnos cantuque manuque solebat, gere somnos vipereo 745 750 Mulcebatque iras, et morsus arte levabat. 755 759. Nemus Angitie Te nemus Angitiæ, vitreâ te Fucinus undâ, flevit te, Fucinus vitreâ Te liquidi flevêre lacus. undâ flevit te Ibat et Hippolyti proles pulcherrima bello, 760 NOTES. situation. Hence it is said to look, despectant, down upon the inhabitants below. Malifera: fruit-bearing. 741. Cateias. The cateia was a kind of halbert or dart, used by the Germans, and Gauls. All the nations just mentioned were subject to Ebelus, and followed him to the war. Ritu: after the Teutonic manner, they used, &c. Soliti: sunt is understood. The Teutones were a people of Germany, near the Chersonesus Cimbrica. Hodie, Denmark. 742. Tegmina: coverings for the headhelmets. Ruæus says, galeæ. Queis: the dat. in the sense of quorum. 744. Nursa: the situation of this place is not known, probably it was among the Apennines. 745. Insignem famâ: illustrious by fame, and successful arms. This is equivalent to insignem famâ felicium armorum. 748. Exercent: in the sense of colunt. 749. Vivere rapto: to live upon plunder. This is agreeable to what Livy says of those nations: Fortuna Volscis Aquisque prædonum poliùs mentem quàm hostium dedit. The Equicoli or Equi were a people to the east of Latium, not far from the source of the river Anien. Their country was hard and mountainous. Virgil calls it, Equicola duris glebis: Equicola of hard soil. These were under the command of Ufens, and followed him to the war. 750. Marrubiâ: an adj. of Marrubium or Marruvium, a city of the Marsi, to the east of the Equi, on the river Liris. 751. Complus super: decked upon his helmet with leaves, and the auspicious olive-having his helmet adorned with the leaves of the happy olive. Fronde et felici oliva, by hend. for fronde felicis oliva. 752. Missu: by the command, or order. 754. Spargere somnos: to diffuse sleep over the viperous race, &c. Cantu: by his charms, or incantations. 755. Levabat: he healed -cured. The 756. Ictum: in the sense of vulnus. wounds inflicted by the weapons of the Trojans. 757. Juvêre: helped-aided. Ruæus says, profuerunt. 758. Somniferi cantus: soporific charms. Herba: herbs gathered in the mountains of the Marsi. These people were skilled in enchantments, particularly in charming serpents. This they learned from Marsus, the son of Circe, the founder of their race. 759. Angitia. Angitia was the sister of Circe, and came with her into Italy. She occupied the country in the neighborhood of the lake Fucinus. The town she built is now called Luco, situated to the westward of the said lake. Hodie, Lago Fucino. Vitrea: clear-pellucid. 760. Liquidi: in the sense of puri. 761. Hippolyti: Hippolytus was the son of Theseus king of Athens. Refusing the overtures of his step-mother Phædra, he was accused by her to his father, who condemned him to death. As he was driving his chariot along the shore, his horses were affrighted by sea-monsters, tore his chariot in pieces and killed him. Diana pitying his hard fate, by the help of Esculapius Virbius; insignem quem mater Aricia misit, Litora, pinguis ubi et placabilis ara Dianæ. 764 Namque ferunt famâ Hippolytum, postquam arte noverca Occiderit, patriasque explêrit sanguine pœnas, Tum pater omnipotens, aliquem indignatus ab umbris Fulmine Phœbigenam Stygias detrusit ad undas. Ipse inter primos præstanti corpore Turnus NOTES. restored him to life, and commended him to the care of Egeria, the nymph of the Aricinean grové. Here he was worshipped as a demi-god and called Virbius; from the words vir and bis. Virgil makes him the son of Hippolytus and the nymph Aricia. By mater, we are to understand his mother. 762. Aricia. This was a city of ancient Latium, not far from the mouth of the Tiber. It might be so called from the nymph Aricia. Servius understands by mater this city, which was the birth-place of the mother of Augustus, and the parent of an illustrious family. But it is better to take it as above. In its neighborhood was a grove sacred to Egeria. With this nymph, Numa Pompilius pretended to be intimate, and to receive instructions in religion. 763. Humentia litora: the shores of the lake Aricinus. 764. Pinguis: this is said of the altar, in reference to the number of victims offered apon it. Placabilis: easy to be appeased. The verb est is understood. 766. Explêrit: had satisfied-filled up. Turbatis: affrighted. 768. Sub superas auras cœli: to the upper regions of light-this upper world. 769. Paoniis herbis: such herbs as were used by Paan, the physician of the gods: 771 775 780 785 by Apollo, his father, who is also styled Paan-medicinal herbs. 773. Phobigenam: Esculapius, the son of Phoebus and Coronis, the daughter of a king of the Lapithe. He is esteemed the father of physic. It is said he raised several from the dead. 775. Relegat: she consigns him to the nymph, &c. Trivia: a name of Diana, from tres et via. 776. Ignobilis: unknown-retired from the world. 778. Unde: hence-from that circumstance-to wit, their being affrighted at the monsters. 780. Pavidi: affrighted at the sea-monsters, they overturned-ran away with the chariot, &c. 781. Filius haud: the son, not less intre pidly than the father, managed the fiery steeds, &c. 784. Vertitur inter primos: he marches in the foremost ranks. Vertitur: in the sense of incedit. 785. Galea crinita: his lofty helmet waving with a triple crest, &c. The figure of the Chimera was represented on his helmet. See Æn. vi. 288. 787. Effera: fierce-dreadful. Tristibus: horrid-awful. Turni Quàm magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnæ. 789. At Io ex auro At levem clypeum sublatis cornibus Io sublatis cornibus, insig- Auro insignibat, jam setis obsita, jam bos, nibat levem clypeum Argumentum ingens! et custos virginis Argus, Calatâque amnem fundens pater Inachus urnâ. Insequitur nimbus peditum, clypeataque totis Agmina densantur campis, Argivaque pubes, Auruncæque manus, Rutuli, veteresque Sicani, 796. Labici picti quoad Et Sacranæ acies, et picti scuta Labici: scuta: qui arant tuos Qui saltus, Tiberine, tuos, sacrumque Numici saltus, O Tiberine Litus arant: Rutulosque exercent vomere colles, beside 790 795 800 imas 801. Gelidusque Ufens Quà Saturæ jacet atra palus; gelidusque per quærit iter per Quærit iter valles, atque in mare conditur Ufens. Hos super advenit Volscâ de gente Camilla, 805. Illa non assueta Agmen agens equitum et florentes ære catervas, est fœmineas manus colo Bellatrix: non illa colo Calathisve Minerva NOTES. 788. Crudescunt: rage-grow more and more fierce and bloody. 789. Io. The poets say she was the daughter of the river-god Inachus. Jove had an amour with her; and likely to be discovered by Juno, he changed her into a heifer. Juno suspecting the trick, desired the heifer to be given to her. Having obtained her request, she gave her into the custody of the shepherd Argus, fabled to have had a hundred eyes. He was slain by Mercury; and Juno placed his eyes in the tail of her peacock. After this she drove the heifer into Egypt, where she was restored to her former shape by Jove. Here she married Osiris, king of Egypt; and after her death, was worshipped as a goddess, under the name of Isis. This fable was represented on the shield of Turnus. He was descended from Inachus, king of Argos. See 372, supra.-sublatis: highwide-spreading. backers 805 796. Sacrane: an adject. from Sacranı. These were a people made up of the aborigines and the Pelasgi: who, after their expulsion of the Siculi, were themselves driven by the Sabines beyond the river Anien, and settled near the place where Rome was afterward built. Labiei. Their city Labicum, was in the northern part of Latium. 798. Exercent: in the sense of excindunt vel vertunt. 799. Circæum jugum. This was the hill and promontory which bounded oid Latium on the east. Here was the residence of the celebrated Circe. Hodie, mount Circello. Anxurus: an epithet of Jupiter, from Anxur, or Anxurus, a town of the Volsci, where he was particularly worshipped. 800. Feronia: Feronia rejoicing in a verdant grove. This was situated between Mons Circæus, and Terracina or Anxur. It is not certain what goddess is meant by Feronia. Most interpreters take her to be 790. Obsita: covered with hairs. Bos: the same with Juno. But La Cerda thinks in the sense of vaccu. 791. Argumentum: subject-device. In gens: noble-illustrious. 792. Pater, here refers to the father of Io. Calata urna: from his embossed urn. 794. Argivaque pubes. The poet now enumerates the nations that followed Turnus. The Argive troops, most probably came from Ardea. See 372, supra. 795. Aurunca manus. These were the descendants of the old Aurunci, or Ausones, the first people of Italy. Sicani. These were the inhabitants of some part of Latium; or the remains of the Siculi, whom Cluverius thinks to have been among the frst inhabitants of Italy; but, being expelltheir country, fled to Sicily, to which islan' they gave their name. her to be the same with Flora, relying on the authority of Dionysius. 801. Atra palus Saturæ: the dismal lake of Satura. By this we are to understand the palus pontina, or pontine lake, which extended along the maritime coast of the Volsci. It gave rise to many foul and unwholesome streams. Here fitly called atra palus. Ufens. This river flows in deep winding vales, to which the sun can hardly have access. Hence the epithet, gelidus. 803. Super hos: beside thesc-in addition to the troops already mentioned, Camilla brings her squadrons of horse and foot. 804. Florentes are: glittering, or gleam. ing in brazen armor. The Volsci, her people, were brave and warlike; and had the |