Sume, pater; nam te voluit rex magnus Olympi At pater Æneas, nondum certamine misso, sors. NOTES. 534. Exsortem: compounded of ex and An allusion is here had to a custom among the Greeks, who used, before the booty was divided among the soldiers, to give those who had distinguished themselves, some of the choicest articles, not by lot, but as they judged meet and right. By exsortem honorem, we are, therefore, to understand the first or choicest honor. Davidson renders it, an honor out of course. Heyne reads, exsortem honores, referring the exsortem to the pron. te. Valpy reads the same. Rumus says, extraordinarium honorem. The common reading is exsortem honorem. Talibus auspiciis: by such signs, tokens, or omens. 536. Signis: in the sense of figuris. 537. Cisseus. He was king of Thrace, and the father of Hecuba, the first wife of Priam. 541. Prælato. Heyne takes this in the sense of prærepto. He does not envy the honor taken from him, and given to Acestes. But prælato may retain its usual signification, if we give the passage this gloss: he does not envy the honor to Acestes preferred before him. This is the sense of Markland. 543. Ingreditur: he enters next for the prizes, who, &c. Both ingreditur, and ince dit are military terms, and imply stateliness, and an air of dignity and pride. 546. Custodem: either the guardian of his education, or his tutor in the military art. 547. Epytiden: a patronymic noun; the son of Epytus, the herald of Anchises. His name was Periphas, or Periphantes. 549. Agmen troop-battalion. Instruxit cursus: hath arranged the movements, march, &c. 551. Circo: ring-course. Infusum: in the sense of diffusum, vel sparsum. 553. Pueri incedunt: the boys march for ward, and shine equally, &c. This game, commonly known by the name of lusus Troja, is wholly of the poet's invention. He had no hint of it from Homer. He substituted this in the room of three in Homer. (viz.) the wrestling, the single combat, and the discus; and it is worth them all. Virgil added this game to please Augustus, who, at that time, renewed the same. 554. Fremit: in the sense of plaudit, vel laudat. 556. Tonsa corona. This crown consisted of green boughs, bent into a circular form, resembling a crown. It was probably placed upon their helmets. 559. Flexilis circulus obtorti auri. This is a circumlocution to express a golden chain. Atys. Tres equitum numero turmæ, ternique vagantur Agmine partito fulgent, paribusque magistris. 563. Est una acies ju- Una acies juvenum, ducit quam parvus ovantem venum, quam ovantem Nomen avi referens Priamus, tua clara, Polite, parvus Priamus Progenies, auctura Italos: quem Thracius albis 566. Vestigia primi Portat equus bicolor maculis: vestigia primi pedis sunt Alba pedis, frontemque cstentans arduus albam. 568. Alter dux est Alter Atys, genus unde Attî duxere Latini; Parvus Atys, pueroque puer dilectus lülo. 570. Extremus dux Extremus, formâque ante omnes pulcher, Iülus est Iülus, pulcher ante Sidonio est invectus equo; quem candida Dido omnes formâ, invectus Esse sui dederat monumentum et pignus amoris. Sidonio equo Cætera Trinacriis pubes senioris Acesta Fertur equis. 578. Illis paratis Excipiunt plausu pavidos, gaudentque tuentes 582. Infesta tela in se Convertêre vias, infestaque tela tulere. invicem. NOTES. It goes over the neck, down to the upper part of the breast. 560. Vagantur: march along. Oberrant, says Ruæus. 562. Magistris: in the sense of ducibus. 564. Polite. Polites was the son of Priam, and slain by Pyrrhus in the presence of his father. See Æn. ii. 526. He is said, however, to have accompanied Æneas into Italy, and to have founded the city Politorium, which was afterward destroyed by Ancus, a king of the Romans. Virgil seems to attribute the building of the city to his son here mentioned. Auctura Italos; either to increase the Italians by founding a city, or by conferring honor and dignity upon them. 566. Vestigia: the fetlocks of his fore feet. Cerdanus explains this of his right foot alone. But vestigia is here evidently used out of its ordinary sense. bia. 568. Unde genus: whence the Latin Atti, &c. Virgil mentions this in compliment to his prince, whose mother's name was AlAttius Balbus married Julia, the sister of Julius Cæsar, and had by her a daughter, who married Octavius, the father of Augustus. The poet signalizes lülus, and Atys, the founders of his prince's family, both on his father's and mother's side and by making so close a friendship to subsist between the two, he alludes to the affinity between the Julian and Attian families, now united in the person of Augustus. Some say, however, that he was the son of Julia, the sister of Cesar, and his lawful heir. 560 565 570 575 580 576. Dardanida excipiunt: the Trojans with applause receive them, anxious and solicitous for praise and victory; and, be holding them, they rejoice, and know the features of their aged parents. They trace the resemblance between the children and parents, and know the former by the latter. For pavidos, Ruæus says, solicitos de gloria. 577. Postquam læti: after they joyous went round the whole assembly, and the eyes of their parents, &c. The oculos suorum, if duly considered, will appear very beautiful and emphatic. They made the circuit of the spectators', and their parents' eyes; as much as to say, their parents were all eyes, and all attention to their motions and whole deportment. 580. Pares. This may imply that they moved or marched abreast-head and head: in the sense of pariter. Or it may mean that they marched in a double file, that is, two abreast. This is the sense given to pares, by Davidson. Terni: some copies have ternis, which makes the sense easier. The meaning of the passage is: after they had marched round the company in order to be reviewed, upon a signal given, they (the three leaders, terni) divided (solvêre) the troops into three separate companies, (diductis choris) and marched over the plain, each company performing its exercises on different grounds. 581. Choris: in the sense of turmis. 583. Cursus: a going forward-advance. Recursus: a retreat a going backward. 585 586. Nunc quasi infensi vertunt spicula in se invicem 588. Ut Labyrinthus in alta Cretâ fertur 590 quondam habuisse iter textum cæcis parietibus, dolumque ancipitem mille viis, quà Adversis spatiis; alternosque orbibus orbes Iliacam ad classem: ventosque aspirat eunti, NOTES. Alios appears to be merely expletive in both places. Ineunt: they advance and retreat from opposite grounds, or in front of each other. 584. Alternos orbes: alternate circles, or circles in turn, one after another. Heyne reads alternis, agreeing with orbibus. Impediunt: in the sense of implicant vel miscent. Cient in the sense of exhibent. 587. Feruntur: in the sense of incedunt. 589. Cacis: obscure-dark. Ancipitem dolum: a maze, intricate, and perplexed by a thousand passages. The Labyrinth was an edifice full of cells, which communicated with one another; and was perplexed with winding avenues, disposed in such manner as to lead backward and forward in a maze; and so bewildered those who entered it, that they could not trace their way out. The original one was in Egypt, carried on at the expense of many kings, and at last finished by Psammetichus. After this model, Dædalus built one in Crete, but much smaller, in which the Minotaur was confined. 590. Quà signa sequendi: where error undiscoverable, and inextricable, deceived the signs of going forward. The nature of the labyrinth was to perplex and bewilder the visitant, while he discovered, or knew nothing of it; and when he supposed he was coming out, to carry him backward. 597. Ascanius primus rettulit hunc morem 596 cursus, atque hæc certamina, cùm 599. Quo modo puer ipse celebravit ea, quo modo Troia pubes se600 cum; eodem modo Albani docuere suos postercs: hinc porrò maxima Roma accepit 602. Nuncque pueri et Trojanum agmen di 605 citur Troja 603. Hactenus certamina celebrata sancto patri sunt 609. Illa virgo Iris celerans viam 594. Similes delphinum: like dolphins. Similes has sometimes the genitive after it; but most commonly the dative. 595. Carpathium: an adj. That part of the Mediterranean between Crete and the island of Rhodes, was called the Carpathian sea, from the island Carpathus. Libycum: an adj. from Libya, a part of Africa lying over against Crete. Mare is understood. hunc morem, hos cursus. 604. Mutata novavit: simply for mutavit, says Heyne. Fortune is here represented as a friend, on whom Eneas had depended for favor and protection. She now changes sides, breaks her faith, and becomes treacherous. Referunt: they pay-perform. 606. Irim misit. Servius observes, that as Mercury is mostly sent on messages of peace, so Iris is generally sent on mesages of mischief and contention. She is chiefly employed by Juno, but sometimes carries messages for the other deities. 607. Aspirat ventos: Ruæus says, adjuvat eam euntem ventis. 608. Movens multa: revolving much mischief in her mind-plotting, &c. Salura may be taken as a Grecism. Here allusion to the decision of Paris. Se i. 4. Nulli visa cito decurrit tramite virgo. 611. Concursum ad Conspicit ingentem concursum; et litora lustrat, ludos vel certamina. Desertosque videt portus, classemque relictam. At procul in solâ secretæ Troades actâ 615. Heu! tot vada Pontum aspectabant flentes: heu, tot vada fessis, Cui genus, et quondam nomen, natique fuissent. Ac sic Dardanidûm mediam se matribus infert: 623. O miseræ vos, in- O miseræ, quas non manus, inquit, Achaïca bello quit, quas Achaïca ma- Traxerit ad letum, patriæ sub manibus! ô gens nus non traxerit ad le- Infelix! cui te exitio fortuna reservat? tum in bello sub Septima post Trojæ excidium jam vertitur æstas; 630. Hic sunt fraterni fines Erycis, atque hic est NOTES. .621. Cui quondam: to whom there was a noble descent, and once renown, and illustrious offspring. Gnus here is used in the sense of nobilitas; Valpy says, rank. Nomen: in the sense of fama. 623. Achaïca manus: the Grecian troops. 628. Ferimur: in the sense of vagamur vel erramus. Emense having measured out— kaving passed over so many seas, &c. Ferimur emensœ: in the sense of emensæ sumus, says Heyne. Sidera: climes--regions. To account for Æneas's having spent seven years in his voyage, a French critic (says Davidson) has the following computation. He finds from history that Troy was taken in the month of May or June. He allows Æneas ten months for fitting out his fleet at Artandros, and makes him set out in the month of March in the following year. From this to his arrival in Epirus he computes four years and some ths, which time he spent in building ci 610 615 620 625 630 ties in Thrace and in Crete. Having spent some time in Epirus, he set out from thence in the end of autumn in the fifth year, and having made a compass almost round Sicily, arrived at Drepanum in the beginning of the following year. Here he lost his father in the beginning of February, and, according to the custom of the ancients, devoted ten months to grief and retirement. According to his calculation, Æneas did not sail from Sicily till the month of November, and here the action of the Æneid begins. En. i. 34. Vix è conspectu. Soon after this he was driven by a storm on the coast of Carthage, about the middle of the seventh year of his voyage, where he spent three months of winter, and from thence set out for Italy in the end of January following, and arrived again in Sicily in the month of February, about the end of the seventh year, where he spent one month in celebrating his father's anniversary, and about the beginning of the eighth year arrived in Italy, in the end of March or beginning of April, when the spring was in bloom. 629. Sequimur Italium: while over the mighty deep we pursue Italy fleeing from us. This is highly poetical. Servius takes magnum to mean stormy-swelling high. Heyne says, vastum--immensum. Volvimur: in the sense of jactamur. 630. Fraterni. For the reasons that Eryx is here called the brother of Eneas, see 21, supra. Hectoreos amnes, Xanthum et Simoënta videbo ? 635 636. Nam imago vatis Cassandra per somnum visa est dare 640 tis 645 650 655 At matres primò ancipites, oculisque malignis NOTES. 634. Hectoreos amnes: the Trojan streams. 638. Tempus agit res: now the time demands the thing. Some read tempus agi res: it is time the things be done. But Pierius found the former in the Codex Romanus and Mediceus, and in some others. Heyne reads, agi res. Rumus prefers the former; Occasio ipsa urget rem, says he. 639. En quatuor aræ, &c. It is not said by whom these altars were erected. Rumus conjectures they were built by Cloanthus for his naval victory. See 234, supra. Or by the Trojans generally, for mention is made of their offering sacrifice. See 100, supra. The verb sunt is understood. 642. Sublataque: and exerting her strength, her right hand being raised, she waved the torch (infensum ignem) and threw it at a distance. Infensum: in the sense of inimi cum. 645. Pyrgo. This is a fictitious name. The tendency of her speech was not to dissuade the Trojan matrons from executing the purposes of Juno, but rather to incite them to it, by showing them that the person who appeared to them in the form of Beroë was really a goddess. Rhateia: an adj. from Rhætium, a promontory of Troas. 639. Nec sit mora tan 643. Mentes Iliadum sunt arrectæ 644. Hìc una è multis, quæ erat maxima natu, Pyrgo nomine, regia nutrix tot natorum Priami, inquit: hæc non est Beroë vobis. 653. Illa effata est hæc. Et matres primò cœperunt spectare rates malignis oculis, ancipites, ambiguæque inter miseruin amorem præsentis terræ regnaque 655. Ambigua: in the sense of dubiæ. Ancipites in the sense of infesta. 660. Focis penetralibus: from the inmost hearths. Davidson renders it, from the hallowed hearths. Ruæus says, intimis aris. 662. Vulcanus: the god of fire, put by meton. for fire itself. Immissis habenis: without restraint-with violence. 663. Pictas abiete: either the sterns, by synec. for the whole ships, on which was carved work of the fir tree; or piclas must be taken in the sense of constructas, built or made. Rumus says, structas ex abiete pictas puppes. Valpy says, constructed of fir: |