Est locus, Hesperiam Graii cognomine dicunt; Cùm subitò assurgens fluctu nimbosus Orion NOTES. 530. Hesperiam. Italy hath been called by various names: Hesperia, (which was the name also sometimes given to Spain,) from Hesperus the brother of Atlas, king of Mauritania, in Africa; or from Hesperus, the name of the star Venus, when it goes behind the sun, and signifies, a setting, or the west. From which circumstance, the Greeks to the eastward of those countries called Italy Magna Hesperia, and Spain, Hesperia Minor: Enotria, from Enotrus, a king of the Sabines, or from a son of Lycaon, king of Arcadia, of that name: Ausonia, from the Ausones, an ancient people of that country; and lastly, Italia, from Italus, a king of Sicily; or, as some say, from a Greek word signifying cattle, because they abounded there. Dicunt: in the sense of vocant. 531. Ubere: richness-fertility. Cognomine in the sense of nomine. 532. noirii viri: simply, the Enotrians inhabited it. Minores: their descendants. 535. Orion: a constellation in the hea vens. It rises with the sun in the month of July, and was supposed to have an influence upon the weather; hence the epithet nimbosus. It will appear hence, that the time of Eneas' arrival at Carthage, was some time in that month. He remained there till the latter part of the following winter, when he set sail for Italy, where he arrived, as Sagrais supposes, some time in the spring. Fluctu: in the sense of mari. 536. Austris procacibus: by violent winds. Auster is here put for wind in general, and not for the south wind, which would have driven him from Africa. Tulit: carried, or drove. Caca: in the sense of latentia. 537. Salo: in the sense of mari. procacibus, Heyne says vehementibus. 540. Prohibimur: we are prohibited from the enjoyment of the shore. For barbara mittit 543. Sperate Deos esse memores 544. Quo nec fuit al545 ter justior in pietate, nec major bello 543. At sperate: but expect that the gods are mindful of right and wrong. Fandi atque nefandi: gerunds in di, of the verb for; in the sense of fas and nefas: for what is right and just may be spoken; but what is unjust, we may not speak. The meaning of the passage is: if ye despise the human race, and fear not the just punishment from men, which this savage and barbarous conduct deserves, know that the gods are mindful of right and wrong, and will not fail to reward or punish accordingly., Mortalia arma: Ruæus says, vindictam hominum, the vengeance of men. It 544. Quô justior alter, &c. Here we have a summary of Eneas' character, piety and valor. The first comprehends devotion to the gods, and all the moral virtues. shows him a tender son, an affectionate father, and husband. He bore his father upon his shoulders, and led his little son through the flames of Troy to a place of safety. And having lost his wife in the general confusion of that fatal night, he ventured into the midst of enemies in search of her; nor did he cease, till her ghost appeared to him, and bade him to desist: and on all occasions, Ascanius appears the darling of his soul. Æneas was also a patriot, and firmly attached to the interests of his country. In valor and prowess in war, he appears on all occasions the real hero. Homer represents him second only to Hector.. He was the first to resist Achilles on his return after the death of Patroclus. did not engage him, but he manifested a calm and determined courage. We see then how justly he is characterized by, nec bello major et armis. But his piety and moral virtues have ennobled his character more than all his deeds of valor. He 546. Vescitur: in the sense of spirat Æthereâ, neque adhuc crudelibus occubat umbris; 548. Non sit metus Non metus, officio nec certâsse priorem nobis, nec pœniteat te Pœniteat. Sunt et Siculis regionibus urbes, priorem certâsse cum illo Armaque, Trojanoque à sanguine clarus Acestes. officio 551. Liceat nobis sub- Quassatam ventis liceat subducere classem, ducere ad terram clas- Et sylvis aptare trabes, et stringere remos. sem quassatam Si datur Italiam, sociis et rege recepto, 554. Ut læti petamus Tendere, ut Italiam læti Latiumque petamus: Italiam Latiumque, si datur nobis tendere curSin absumpta salus, et te, pater optime Teucrûm, sum ad Italiam, sociis, et Pontus habet Libyæ, nec spes jam restat Iüli, 555. Sin salus absump- Ut freta Sicaniæ saltem sedesque paratas, ta est, et pontus Libye Unde huc advecti, regemque petamus Acesten. habet te, O optime Talibus Ilioneus: cuncti simul ore fremebant Dardanidæ. 557. Ut saltem petamus freta Sicaniæ paratasque sedes, unde advecti sumus huc Tum breviter Dido, vultum demissa, profatur: Solvite corde metum, Teucri, secludite curas. 560. Ilioneus orabat Res dura, et regni novitas me talia cogunt Moliri, et latè fines custode tueri. talibus verbis. 561. Demissa quoad vultum 550 555 560 magnam Quis genus Æneadûm, quis Troja nesciat urbem? 565 570 569. Seu vos optatis Seu vos Hesperiam magnam, Saturniaque arva, NOTES. Occubat: lies dead-yields up his life to the cruel shades. 549. Et in the sense of etiam, or quoque. 550. Acestes. See En. v. 30. 552. Et aptare: and to fit (procure) spars in the wood, to supply the place of those that had been broken, or lost in the violence of the storm and waves. Stringere remos: to cut our oars-to cut timber, of which to make oars. 557. Freta. Fretum is properly a narrow sea, or strait; here used for the sea in general. Ut. Most copies have at, but the former is preferable. Advecti: in the sense of pulsi. 560. Fremebant ore: they applauded with their mouth-they expressed their approbation of his specch. Dardanida: the Trojans; so called from Dardanus. They were also called Teucri, from Teucer, both founders of Troy. See 1, supra. 563. Dura res: the difficult state of my affairs. Moliri: in the sense of facere. 565. Genus Eneudûm: the ancestry of the Trojans the stock from which they sprung. Encada: the Trojans; from Æneas, their leader. 566. Virtutes: illustrious actions. Viros: roes. 567. Pani gestamus: we Carthaginians do not carry with us hearts so insensible, as to disregard the sufferings of our fellow men. 568. Nec tam aversus: nor does the sun so far from the Tyrian city join his steeds to his chariot. This is an allusion to an opinion of the ancients, that the inhabitants of cold cli mates are less susceptible of the tender and humane feelings, than those of warm climates. 5C9. Saturnia arva: the lands of Saturn Italy. See Ecl. iv. 6. Magnam: powerful, or great; to distinguish it from Spain, which was sometimes called Hespe ria Minor. 570. Fines Erycis: the coast of EryxSicily, where Eryx reigned. See Æn. v. 24. 571. Opibus. This refers to the assistance which Dido would afford them by her wealth. Pariter: on equal terms, or conditions. Et: in the sense of etiam. 573. Urbem quam: urbem, for urbs, by antiptosis. Some take the words thus: quam urbem statuo: which city I build; is yours. 574. Agetur: shall be treated. Discri mine: difference-distinction. it Atque utinam rex ipse Noto compulsus eodem His animum arrecti dictis, et fortis Achates, Os, humerosque Deo similis namque ipsa decoram Tum sic reginam alloquitur, cunctisque repente 1 598. Quæ socias nos in vestra urbe, et domo, 600 relliquias Danaûm, ex haustos jam omnibus 601. Nec est opis Dardaniæ gentis, ubique quicquid ejus est, quæ sparsa est per magnum NOTES. 576. Certos: in the sense of fidos. The for its white marble. word homines is understood. compassed-enchased. 577. Extrema: the farthest, or extreme parts of Africa. 579. Arrecti animum: animated-encouraged in mind. A Grecisın. 584. Unus abest: one is wanting. This was Orontes, mentioned verse 113, supra. His ship and crew were lost. 585. Cætera respondent: the rest answer to, &c. See 390, supra, et seq. 587. Purgat in apertum: it clears up (dissolves) into pure air. Circumfusa nubes: the surrounding cloud-the cloud that hitherto had encompassed them. Here Virgil imitates Homer, Odys. vii. 143. 589. Namque genitrix: for his mother had breathed upon her son graceful locks, and the bright bloom of youth, and a sparkling lustre to his eyes. Honores: gracebeauty. 592. Quale decus: such beauty art gives, &c. Manus: by meton. the skill of the workman. 593. Parius lapis: the Parian marble. Parus, an island in the Egean sea, famous Circumdatur: en 597. Labores: disasters-calamities. 599. Exhaustos: worn out-having undergone. Socias: in the sense of recipis. 601. Non est nostræ opis: it is not in ou power to render you, O Dido, suitable thanks, nor is it (in the power) of the Trojan nation, wherever any of it is, which, &c. 603. Di tibi ferant: may the gods grant you suitable rewards. Siqua numina: if there be any powers above that regard, &c. These words are not designed to express any doubt in the mind of the speaker upon the subject. They put an acknowledged truth in the form of a supposition, the more to strengthen the conclusion. You shall be rewarded, as sure as there are any gods above-as sure as there is any justice among men, and any mind conscious to itself of virtue and worth. Rumus concludes the parenthesis at the verb est. The meaning will then be: may the gods and your own mind, conscious of its own rectitude, reward you. Others extend it to embrace recti. Hoyne has no parenthesis. Pios. Præmia digna ferant. Quæ te tam læta tulerunt In freta dum fluvii current, dum montibus umbræ 610. Quæcunque ter- Quæ me cunque vocant terræ. ræ vocant me 612. Pòst, petit alios, Pòst, alios, fortemque Gyan, fortemque Cloanthum.` fortemque 617. Tu-ne es ille Eneas, quem Alma Venus genuit Dardanio 623. Casus Trojan urbis est cognitus mihi 625. Teucer ipse quamvis hostis ferebat Teu cros Obstupuit primò aspectu Sidonia Dido, NOTES. This word signifies virtuous men in general; especially the kind, beneficent, and generous. 605. Læta: in the sense of felicia. cula: in the sense of tempora. Sa 607. Dum umbra: while the clouds shall move around, or encompass the mountains. Ruæus says, umbræ arborum: the shades of trees. But with what propriety the shades of trees can be said to move round, or encompass the mountains, doth not appear. It certainly is not the meaning of the poet. It is well known that the tops of high mountains rise above the clouds; and the region, or elevation of the clouds will be a greater or less distance below the summit, according to the height of the mountain, and the density of the atmosphere. Convexa: properly the exterior of any round, or circular body. It may then very properly denote the top, or curved surface of a mountain; also its sides. Montibus: in the sense of montium. Convexa montibus: the tops of the mountains. The dat. among the poets, is often used in the sense of the gen. 608. Dum polus: while the heaven feeds (sustains) the stars-while there are any stars in the heavens. Polus, properly the pole; by synec. the whole heavens. 611. Ilionea a Greek acc. of Ilioneus. He was a Trojan, the son of Phorbas. The penult syllable is naturally short, but it is made long for the sake of the verse. Nothing is known of Serestes, Gyas, and Cloanthus, further than Virgil informs us. 614. Casu: calamity-misfortune. De 605 610 615 620 625 inde: in the next place. It has reference to primò, in the preceding line. 615. Quis casus: what fortune. Quæ vis: what power drives you, &c. 618. Genuit: in the sense of peperit. 619. Memini quidem. This Teucer was the son of Telamon, king of the island of Salamis, and Hesione, daughter of Laomedon, king of Troy. On his return from the Trojan war, he was banished by his father, for not preventing the death of his brother Ajax, who slew himself, because the arms of Achilles were adjudged to Ulysses rather than to him. This unnatural treatment of his father, led him to disclaim all relationship to him, and to reckon his lineage from his mother. The poet, by concealing this circumstance, hath made it reflect much honor upon the Trojans. 621. Betus. See En. iv. 1. 622. Cyprum: an island in the Mediterranean sea, sacred to Venus. Here, it is said, she was born, and had a splendid temple. Hence she was sometimes called the Cyprian Goddess. Opimam: rich-fertile. · Belus had been at war with the inhabitants of the island, and at that time it was subject to him. 624. Pelasgi. These were a people of Thessaly so called from Pelasgus, a son of Lycaon, king of Arcadia, from whom they were descended. They were frequently taken for the Greeks in general. Here, and in some other places, used as an adj. 625. Ferebat Teucros: he extolled the Trojans with distinguished praise. Seque ortum antiquâ Teucrorum à stirpe volebat. At domus interior regali splendida luxu Æneas (neque enim patrius consistere mentem NOTES. 626. Volebatque se: and he wished (it to be considered) that he sprang from the ancient stock of the Trojans. He sprang from that stock by Hesione, the daughter of Laomedon, who was the fifth from Teucer and Dardanus, the founders of Troy. See Geor. iii. 35. For volebat, Ruæus says aiebat. 628. Labores: in the sense of casus. 630. Mali. This is a fine verse. The sentiment is worthy of the most distinguished character. Memorat: in the sense of loquitur. 632. Indicit honorem: she orders an offering (to be made) in the temples. It was an ancient custom to offer libations to Jove, as being the god of hospitality, upon the arrival of strangers. Servius thinks the words, indicil honorem, mean, that she orders contributions to be made in honor of the gods; but this is questionable. He observes that the ancients, from their poverty, were obliged to make collections from the people, for their sacrifices: they also applied to that use the property of convicts and malefactors. Hence supplicia, punishments, came to signify prayers, supplications, and thanksgivings. So also sacer came to signify both holy, and accursed. 633. Nec minus: in the sense of quoque, or nec non. 634. Centum horrentia terga: a hundred bristly backs of huge swine; simply, a hundred large swine. Terga: the backs, by synec. put for the whole bodies, or carcasses. 636. Lætitiam Dei: the joy of the god (Bacchus-wine.) This is a beautiful circumlocution. The opinions of commentators upon this passage are various. The sense, however, is easy. The queen sent them presents (munera) of twenty bulls, a hundred swine, and wine to cheer their hearts. 637. Interior domus: the inner part of the palace, itself splendid, was furnished with royal magnificence. 639. Superbo: rich-costly. Laborala finely wrought. 640. Ingens argentum: much silver (was) upon the tables, and the mighty deeds of her ancestors carved in gold, a very long series of history, traced down through so many heroes from the origin of their ancient family. Ingens argentum: by this we are to understand a great quantity of plate, and silver vessels of various descriptions, on which were carved the noble actions of her ancestors. 644. Præmittit: in the sense of mittit, the compound for the simple word. Or reference may be had to the entertainment which Dido had ordered upon the occasion. He sends Achates before supper, to bear the news to Ascanius, and to bring him to the city. He suffers no time to be lost, before he communicates to his son the tidings of their kind reception. Servius takes Pramittit rapidum, for mittit prærapidum. Rapidum: in the sense of celerem. 648. Rigentem signis auroque: stiff with |