illi Cernere ne quis eos, neu quis contingere posset, 416. Ubi est templum Læta suas; ubi templum illi, centumque Sabæo cere Molirique arcem, et manibus subvolvere saxa: Pars optare locum tecto, et concludere sulco. Jura magistratusque legunt, sanctumque senatum Hic portus alli effodiunt: hìc alta theatris Fundamenta locant alii, immanesque columnas 429. Exciduntque im- Rupibus excidunt, scenis decora alta futuris. manes columnas è rupi- Qualis apes æstate novâ per florea rura bus, quæ sint alta 430. Eorum labor est talis, qualis exercet apes ; Exercet sub sole labor, cùm gentis adultos 414. Moliri: to cause-make. NOTES. 415. Paphum: a city of Cyprus, an island in the north-eastern part of the Mediterranean sea, dedicated to Venus. Verbs of motion to a place have the acc. after them. 416. Sabao thure: with Arabian frankincense. Sabeo: an adj. from Saba, a country of Arabia Felix, abounding in frankincense. Illi: for her-in honor of her. 417. Halant: emit odour from fresh garlands-wreaths of flowers. Calent burn -are hot. 419. Collem. This hill was probably near the city, from the top of which the whole city appeared in full view. It seems that it rose above the walls, so that you looked down upon it from above. Imminet: inpends overlooks. Plurimus: in the sense of valdè, or maximè. Arces: in the sense of turres. 421. Miratur molem: he wonders at the magnitude of the city, where there were once only cottages. 422. Strata viarum: the paved work of the streets-causeways. 423. Ardentes. An adj. or part. closely connected with a verb is more elegantly translated by its corresponding adverb. Tyrii ardentes instant: the Tyrians cagerly push on the work. The ardentes strongly marks their zeal and activity. Ducere: in the sense of extendere. 424. Moliri: to erect-build. 415 420 425 430 435 425. Pars aptare: a part (instat, pushes on) to select the ground for building houses, and to mark it out by a furrow-to arrange and lay off the streets and squares of the city. 426. Legunt: in the sense of eligunt. Jura: by meton. the courts of justice—the place where justice is administered. They choose the place for the courts of justice, &c. 427. Theatris: for the theatres-buildings for public exhibitions. 429. Excidunt: they cut, or hew. summer. 431. Sub sole for per diem, says Heyne. Educunt: lead out. Liquentia: in the sense of pura. This fine comparison of the industry of the Carthaginians in erecting the buildings of their city, and other works of improvement, to the zeal and assiduity of the bees in collecting honey, and arranging the business of the hive, is taken from Homer, who compares the movements of the Grecian troops from their ships and tents, to the issuing of bees from their hives. 433. Stipant: they lay up the pure honey. Cellas: the comb. 435. Arcent: they drive from the hives the drones, an idle herd. These are the male bees. See Geor. iv. 200. Agmine facto: a battalion being formed. 436. Opus fervet: the work goes briskly on. It is a metaphor taken from the boiling of water. O fortunati, quorum jam monia surgunt! 440 445 Per medios, miscetque viris: neque cernitur ulli. laborem NOTES. 445. Nam sic fore: for thus (by this sign) he showed that the nation should be illustrious in war, and victorious through ages -easy to conquer through ages. Ruæus interprets facilem victu, by aptam vivere æterna famâ, deriving victu from vivo, I live. Others, with more propriety, derive it from vinco, I conquer making the meaning to be: easy to conquer through ages-victo rious. The supine in u hath both an active and passive signification; but most frequently the latter. The former is the meaning in this place. 446. Sidonia: an adj. from Sidon, a famous city of Phoenicia, not far to the north of Tyre, subject to the same government. Hodie, Sayd. 1 447. Numine Diva: with the presence of the goddess. By this we are probably to understand some rich statue of the goddess, that was set up in the temple. 448. Cui area limina: to which the brazen threshold rose in steps, &c.-whose brazen threshold, &c. Cui: in the sense of cujus: this is common with Virgil. 449. Trabes: these most probably were the door posts, which were framed or fastened together with brass. 452. Confidere: in the sense of sperare, says Ruæus. Capit nunc habere magis fiduciam sua fortunæ, benè de ea sperare, says Heyne. 453. Singula. Singuli properly means all, taken one by one. Omnis signifies all, 450 455 442. Quo loco Pœni jactati undis, et turbine primùm effodêre sig num, nempe caput acris equi 444. Nam sic monstravit gentem fore egregiam bello, et facilem victu per secula collectively or individually. Cunctus, all by parts, and universus, the whole. 454. Opperiens: waiting for the queen. Dum miratur: while he wonders at the fortune of the city; and at the skill of the artists, and the difficulty of the work, (inter se,) by turns. Ruæus refers the inter se to the hands of the workmen, agreeing with one another, manus artificum. In this case the sense will be: he contemplates the skill displayed in the workmanship and the magnitude of the work by turns-he compares them together. But La Cerda observes, that by manus artificum, the skill of the artists, we are probably to understand the paintings of the Trojan battles, and the other events of that war, which Æneas saw on his entering the temple, and which ornamented its walls while operum laborem, may refer to the temple itself the magnitude, and difficulty of rearing such a magnificent edifice. Fortuna: this Ruæus interprets by felicitas. Manus: properly the hand: by meton. art, skill. 456. Videt Iliacas pugnas. Dr. Trapp, observes, there never was a finer picture of a picture than this. Virgil in a few verses, selects the most striking, and beautiful scenes in the Iliad, proper for the painter. 458. Atridas: acc. plu. of Atrida, the sons of Atreus, Agamemnon, and Menelaus.— Against the former, Achilles had a quarrel on account of the beautiful Brisseïs, a captive. He withdrew with his troops, and refused to take any part with the Greeks, Quæ regio in terris nostri non plena laboris ? jana juventus premeret Nec procul hinc Rhesi niveis tentoria velis curru. 472. Castra Græcorum priùsquàm 460 465 470 eos; hàc Phryges fuge- Agnoscit lachrymans: primo quæ prodita somno 481. Tunsee quoad pec- Crinibus Iliades passis, peplumque ferebant NOTES. till after the death of Patroclus, whom Hector slew in battle. Some copies have Atriden, which appears to be the more correct; for we have no account that Achilles had any disagreement with Menelaus. The ambobus refers to Agamemnon and. Priam. Achilles afterwards slew Hector, and ignominiously treated his dead body. He refused to restore it to Priam, till he received a large sum of money as a ransom. 460. Nostri labores: our sufferings, calamities. 461. Laudi: in the sense here of virtuti. 462. Lachrymæ rerum: tears for our afflictions-compassion for our calamities or sufferings. Mortalia: an adj. neu. plu. taken as a sub. human calamities. 465. Largo flumine: a large flood of ears. 466. Pergama: neu. plu. In the sing. Pergamus, properly the citadel of Troy, built on the highest ground. hence the whole city could be seen. Here, and in many other places, put for the city itself; by synec. Bellantes: valiant-warlike. 468. Cristatus: plumed--wearing a plume. Instaret in the sense of premeret. 469. Rhesi. Rhesus, king of Thrace, and reputed son of Mars. When he came to assist the Trojans, it was reported, as a decree of the gods, that if his horses should drink of the water of the river Xanthus, or taste the grass of Troy, the city should not be taken. On his arrival, he encamped on the shore, when he was betrayed by one Dolon to Diomede, and Ulysses, who slew him on 475 480 the first night of his arrival, and carried off his horses to the Grecian camp. 470. Quæ prodita: which being betrayed in the first night, &c. Somno: in the sense of nocte. Sec En. 11. 242. 472. Ardentes: in the sense of acres. 473. Xanthum: a river of Troas, rising out of mount Ida, and flowing into the Hellespont. It is the same with the Scamander. Virgil 474. Troïlus. A son of Priam. calls him puer, probably on account of his age. He was slain by Achilles. 475. Impar congressus Achilli: an unequal match for Achilles:-or meeting Achilles, an unequal match is drawn, &c. Resupinus: on his back, he hangs from his empty chariot. 478. Hasla versâ. The dust is not marked with the spear of Troilus; but with the spear of Achilles, which had pierced lus body; and as he lay on his back, might be said to be inverted; its point being downward. Huic: in the sense of hujus. 479. Non aqua Palladis: of Pallas, unkind-offended on account of the decision of Paris, in the contest of beauty between her, Juno, and Venus. 480. Iliades the Trojan matrons with dishevelled hair, went, &c. Homer informs us (Iliad. 6. 302.) that after the great slaughter of the Tre ans, hecuba and the Trojan metrors went in. solemn procession, with every external sn of sc row, to the temple of Pal'as, carrying the richest presents, in hope to render her favorable to Diva solo fixos oculos aversa tenebat. Tum verò ingentem gemitum dat pectore ab imo, Hæc dum Dardanio Æneæ miranda videntur, Hinc atque hinc glomerantur Oreades: illa pharetram NOTES. their cause. Peplum: this was the richest of vestments, embroidered by the Sidonian women in the most costly manner, and brought by Paris from Sidon. This they carried to the goddess, hoping she would be moved by it to regard their sufferings. Passis: a part. of the verb pandor, spread, or hanging loose. 482. Aversa: in the sense of offensa: 483. Achilles raptaverat. See Æn. 2. 542. 486. Ut spolia conspexit: as he beheld the spoils; as he beheld the chariot, &c. The verb conspexit is to be repeated with each nom. as is plain, from the repetition of the ut. This verse is of the same tender nature with Ecl. viii. 41. Ut vidi, &c. It plainly shows the skill of the poet. Any other would have used the conjunction et or que. But by the repetion of the ut, he shows Eneas tracing these several affecting objects, and every now and then fetching a deep sigh. Corpus amici: the body of Hector, we are to understand. 487. Inermes: unarmed-suppliant. in, negativum, and arma. Of 489. Memnonis. Memnon the son of Aurora and Tithonus, the son of Laomedon, King of Troy. He came to the assistance of the Trojans with many troops from India and Ethiopia. He was slain by Achilles. Nigri swarthy--alluding to his color. Eoas acies: eastern troops. 491. Penthesilea. She was queen of the Amazons, who came to the aid of the Trojans after the death of Hector. Her troops were armed with bucklers in the form of a crescent, or half-rnoon. Agmina lunatis peltis: her troops (armed) with crescent shields. She was slain by Achilles; sonie say by his son Neoptolemus. Furens: eager courageous. 493. Bellatrix virgo: the warlike virgin, binding a golden girdle under her naked breast, dares, &c. It was a custom of the Amazons to cut or scar one of their breasts that it might be no hindrance to their shooting or darting of the javelin; the other they bound with a girdle. The word Amazon is compounded of the Greek alpha negativum, and a word which significs a breast implying that they had only one breast. See nom. prop. under Amazon. 1 494. Miranda: wonderful-worthy of admiration. It is to be taken with the verb videntur. Obtutu: posture. Hæret: in the sense of stat. 497. Incessit: approached. See 46. supra. 498. Qualis Diana exercet : as Diana leads the dance on the banks of Eurotas, or over the tops of Cynthus, whom a thousand mountain nymphs surround, &c. Eurotas, a river of Laconia, near Sparta, a country famous for hunting. Cynthi: Cynthus was a mountain in the island of Delos, the birth place of Diana. Glomerantur: in the sense of glomerant. See Ecl. iv. 10. 500. Oreades: mountain ryraphs; from a Greck word which signifies a mountain. See Ecl. ii. 46, 502. Latona. Latona, the mother of Diana and Apollo. Joy pervaded her silent breast at the sight of the grace and dignity of her daughter. 505 Talis erat Dido, talem se læta ferebat Per medios, instans operi regnisque futuris. Tum foribus Divæ, mediâ testudine templi, Septa armis solioque altè subnixa, resedit. Jura dabat legesque viris, operumque laborem Partibus æquabat justis, aut sorte trahebat : Cùm subitò Æneas, concursu accedere magno Anthea Sergestumque videt, fortemque Cloanthum, b10 Teucrorumque alios ater quos æquore turbo Dispulerat penitùsque alias avexerat oras. Obstupuit simul ipse, simul perculsus Achates 514. Ambo avidi arde- Lætitiâque metuque; avidi conjungere dextras Ardebant: sed res animos incognita turbat. Dissimulant, et nube cavâ speculantur amicti, 517. Quæ fortuna sit Quæ fortuna viris, classem quo litore linquant, Quid veniant: cunctis nam lecti navibus ibant Orantes veniam, et templum clamore petebant. Postquàm introgressi, et coràm.data copia fandi, 520 Maximus Ilioneus placido sic pectore cœpit: tant viris 518. Ob quid veniant; nam homines 520. Introgressi sunt, et copia fandi coram regina data est illis O regina, novam cui condere Jupiter urbem, 524. Nos miseri Troes, Troes te miseri, ventis maria omnia vecti, vecti per Oramus prohibe infandos à navibus ignes; NOTES. 515 525 503. Talis erat Dido: such was Dido. 512. Avexerat: had carried to other shores The comparison here between Diana and far remote. Dido is taken from the Odyssey. Probus considered the passage to be copied unhappily by Virgil. The comparison, according to Scaliger lies in these particulars: Quemadmodum Diana in montibus, ita Dido in urbe: illa inter nymphas, hæc inter matronas: illa instans venatoribus, hæc urbi. 505. Foribus Diva. Ir. the interior part of the temples, there was a place separated from the rest by a wall, or vail, called the Adytum or Penetrale. Here the poet supposes Juno to have had an image or statue, or some symbol of her presence. The door or gate that led to it he therefore calls the door of the goddess. Mediâ testudine: under the middle of the arch, or canopy. Subnixa altè: raised high on a throne, she sat down. Foribus fores, properly folding doorsopening on both sides. It has no singular. 506. Septa armis: surrounded by her guards. Armis, by meton. for the men bearing them. 507. Dabat jura: dispensed justice. Jus, properly a natural law, or right: Lex, a written or statute law: fas, a divine law. 509. Concursu: a crowd. Multitudine, says Ruæus. 511. Avidi: eager. See 423. supra. debant: in the sense of cupiebant. Ar 516. Speculantur: they conjecture what is the fortune of their friends; on what coast they had left their fleet; for what purpose they came thither. For men chosen, &c. with a cry, lamenting the hardness of their 519. Veniam: peace-favor. Clamore: fortune. 521. Maximus: the chief, or principal speaker. Placido pectore: from his composed breast. A composed breast, or mind regulates the voice and speech. Copia: leave liberty. 523. Frænare: to restrain proud nations with justice—with laws. By superbas gentes, we may understand the Numidians, and other warlike nations of Africa, her neighbors. For superbas, Ruæus says, feroces. 525. Frohibe: avert-turn away. Infandos: direful-cruel. 527. Libycos Penates: the African territory, or settlements: or, simply, the African gods. 528. Vertere in the sense of abducere. Raptas prædas: the plundered, or seized booty. 529. Fis: in the sense of violentia. The verb est is understood. |