ta quoque

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adj. from Lavinium, a city built by Eneas; called from Lavinia, the daughter of Latinus, whom he married. It was situated about eight miles from the shore, in lat. 41° 40′ north, and long. 13° 10′ east from London.

4. Ob memorem iram: on account of the lasting resentment of cruel Juno. Juno was the daughter of Saturn and Ops, and the sister and wife of Jupiter. She was born, soine say at Argos, but others say at Samos. She was jealous of her husband, and implacable in all her resentments. She was enraged against Paris, the son of Priam, because he adjudged the prize of beauty, which was a golden apple, to Venus, rather than to herself. From that moment, she became a bitter eneiny to the whole Trojan race, and even to Venus herself. Not cou. tent with the subversion of the kingdor. of Priam, she used her endeavor to destroy the few, who escaped the sword and the flames.

Juno had sumptuous temples dedicated to her in various places. Among the chief may be reckoned her temples at Argos, Samos, and Carthage. The hawk, the goose, and the peacock were sacred to her. Various names were given her, chiefly on account of her offices, and the places where she was worshipped; some of which are the following: Saturnia, Olympia, Samia, Argiva, Lacedæmonia, Lucina, Pronuba, Sospita, and Ophegena.

6. Unde Latinum genus: hence (arose) the Latin race.

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Here is some difficulty. The Latins could not spring from Æneas; for he found them in Italy on his arrival. Some refer the word unde to Latium, taking the meaning to be from which country sprung the Latin race. Servius would explain it thus: Eneas, having overcome all opposition, and being seated on the throne of Latinus, instead of changing the Latin name, as he might have done, in right of his conquest, incorporated his Trojans along with his subJects under the general name of Latins, so that he might not improperly be called the founder of the Latin race.

7. Albanique patres. Ascanius, who suc

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ceeded his father, left Lavinium, and having built Alba Longa, made it the seat of his government. This city gave birth to Romulus, who founded the city Rome. The Albans may therefore be called the fathers of the Romans. Albani may be either an adj. or a sub.

8. Quo numine læso: what god being injured-what god had he injured. Quid: in the sense of cur. Dolens: in the sense of offensa. Rumus interprets læso by violato. 9. Volvere casus: to struggle with misfortunes as with a load. Ruæus takes this in the sense of volvi casibus; but it is much more poetical to take the verb in the active voice. Volvere imports labor and difficulty, like a person rolling a great weight, or a river bearing down before it all opposition. Volvere casus then represents Eneas resolutely going forward, and rising superior to all difficulties and dangers; but volvi casibus would show him overcome and vanquished by misfortunes. But this is not the design of the poet.

10. Adire. This verb properly signifies, to brave dangers-to look an enemy in the face-to undertake any thing resolutely. Labores, probably refers to the wars and hardships which Æneas underwent after his arrival in Italy; while casus may refer to the toils, dangers, and misfortunes which he passed through on his way thither. Impulerit: forced, or doomed.

12. Tyrii: an adj. from Tyrus, a city in Phœnicia, on the shore of the Mediterranean. Hodie, Sur.

From this city, a colony removed to Africa under Xorus and Carchedon, and settled at Utica: afterwards Dido followed with her wealth, and a great number of her countrymen, and founded, or, as some say, fortified Carthage. See En. iv. 1. Tyrii coloni: a Tyrian colony. Tenuere: inhabited-held.

13. Tiberina: an adj. from Tiber, the name of a river of Italy. It rises in the Appenines, and running in a south-easterly direction, falls into the Mediterranean sea. A few miles above its mouth, Rome was afterwards built. It is the second river in size in Italy.

14. Dives opum: abounding in wealth. Opes properly signifies power acquired by wealth. Asperima, &c. Dedita studiis belli, says Heyne. Carthage was situated in Africa, near where Tunis now stands. The Carthaginians were a very commercial people. They planted colonies in various parts of Europe, and widely extended their conquests. For a long time, they disputed with the Romans the empire of the world. They were brave, and much devoted to the study of the arts of war. See En. iv. 1.

15. Quam unam Juno: which one city, Juno is reported to have loved more than all lands. Samo posthabita: Samos being less esteemed, or set by. Samos is an island in the Icarian sea, over against Ephesus. Here Juno was brought up and married to Jupiter. Here she had a most splendid temple.

17. Dea jam tum regnum: the goddess even then both intended and cherished (the hope that) it would become the ruler over the nations would be the capital of the world. Ruæus interprets Hoc regnum gentibus, by illa imperat populis. Heyne takes the words in the sense of caput imperii terrarum.-Currus. Juno had two kinds of chariots, one in which she was wafted through the air by peacocks, the other for war, drawn by horses of celestial breed. These last are here ineant.

20. Olim: hereafter.

21. Populum, &c. (She had heard) that a people of extensive sway, and renowned in war, should come hence to the destruction of Lybia. Regem is plainly in the sense of regentem, vel dominantem. Ruæus interprets excidio Lybia, by, per cladem Lybia, implying by the destruction of Carthage, the chief city of Africa, Rome would become powerful and renowned in war. The sense I have given is evidently in the spirit of the poet, and the best. Hinc: hence-from Trojan blood.

22. Parcas: the fates. See Ecl. iv. 47. 23. Metuens id. In the long and bloody war which the Greeks carried on against Troy, Juno took a very active part, and exerted all her power in favor of the Greeks, and she feared she should be again involved in a similar contest with the Trojan race, in favor of her beloved Carthage. The id refers to the whole preceding sentence. Argis. Argos was one of the chief cities of Greece. Here Juno had a particular residence put, by synec. for Greece in general.

24. Prima: an adj. agreeing with Saturnia. It appears to be used here in the sense of princeps, the chief or principal in the business.

25. Dolores: grief-resentment. Ruæus says, indignatio. Sævi: cruel-unrelenting.

27. Judicium Paridis: the judgment, or decision of Paris. See verse 1, supra, and nom. prop. under Paris. Repôstum: by syn. for repositum. Forma: beauty. Injuria: affront.

28. Genus invisum. In addition to the decision of Paris, Juno hated the Trojans on account of Dardanus, one of the founders of their race. He was the son of Jupiter and Electra, the daughter of Atlas. All her husband's illegitimate children were the objects of her bitter resentment. Honores rapti Ganymedis: the honors of (conferred upon) stolen Ganymede. The office of cup-bearer to the gods was taken from Hebe, the daughter of Juno, and conferred upon Ganymede, a beautiful youth, the son of Tros, king of Troy. He was taken up to heaven by Jupiter in the form of an eagle when he was upon mount Ida. This was another cause of her resentment.

29. Accensa super his: inflamed at these things; namely, the amour of her husband with Electra, the honors conferred upon Ganymede, and the decision of Paris in favor of Venus. The fear of the futu

nam gentem, erat opus tantæ molis

35. Vix Trojani læti dabant vela

37. Volvebat hæc secum Me-ne vietam

destruction of her favorite Carthage, and the recollection of her past war, in which she had encountered so many difficulties, do not appear the only cause of her procedure. They contributed, no doubt, with the other particulars just mentioned, to increase the flame in her breast.

30. Achillei: gen. of Achilles. He was the son of Peleus, king of Thessaly, and Thetis, a goddess of the sea. While he was an infant, his mother dipped him all over in the river Styx, to render him invulnerable, except the heel by which she held him. He was concealed among the daughters of Lycomedes, king of the island of Scyros, in female apparel, that he might not go to the siege of Troy. While there, he deflowered Deidamia, one of the princesses, who bore him Pyrrhus. He was, however, discovered by Ulysses, and afterward went to Troy. He slew Hector in single combat, and drew his dead body, behind his chariot, seven times around the walls of Troy, in revenge for his friend Patroclus, whom Hector had slain in battle. And he was himself slain by Paris, with an arrow, which pierced his heel, while he was in the temple of Thymbrian Apollo. He is sometimes called Pelides, from Peleus his father: also acides, from his grand-father acus. He is represented to have been of a cruel and vindictive temper, but at the same time, very brave. 33. Molis: magnitude-labor-difficulty. 34. Siculo: an adj. from Sicilia. Sicily is the largest island in the Mediterranean, lying to the south of Italy, and separated from it by the straits of Messina.

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35. Ere with the brazen prow. beaks of their ships were of brass, or overlaid with brass.-Dabant: spread.

36. Vulnus aturnum: a lasting resentment. The same as memorem iram, verse iv. supra. Servans: feeding, cherishing.

37. Me-ne victam: shall I overcome, desist from my purpose, nor be able, &c.-Me victam: the acc. after the verb volvebat, or some other of the like import, understood. Ne, when joined to a verb, is generally interrogative, as in the present case. When it

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does not ask a question, it either is a negative particle, or expresses some circumstance or condition of an action.

38. Teucrorum. The Trojans were sometimes called Teucri, from Teucer, one of their founders. See note 1. supra. By Regem Teucrorum we are to understand Eneas. It seems now to be the purpose of Juno to prevent the settlement of the Trojans in Italy; and by that means, counteract the purposes of the gods concerning their future grandeur and power; to destroy them utterly, if it be possible, and disperse them over the deep. To this end, she applies to Eolus to raise a tempest on the sea, as the most likely way to effect her object.

40. Argivûm: for Argivorum, by syn. properly the citizens of Argos: but by synec. put for the Greeks in general, or any part of them. Here it means the Locrians, who, with Ajax, their king, returning home from Troy, were shipwrecked. Ajax was struck by Pallas with a thunderbolt for having ravished Cassandra, the daughter of Priam, in the temple of Pallas. But Homer gives us a different account. He says, that Ajax was drowned by Neptune, for having impiously boasted that he would escape the dangers of the sea, even against the will of the gods.

The Greeks are sometimes called Danai, from Danaus, one of their kings. He led a colony from Egypt into Greece; and, for his services and talents, was held in high estimation through all the Grecian states.

41. Ajacis Oilei. There were two persons at the siege of Troy, by the name of Ajax. The one here meant was the son of Oïleus, king of the Locrians. He went with forty ships against Troy. The other was the son of Talemon king of Salamis, an island in the Sinus Saronicus, between Attica, and the Morea, or Peloponnesus. It is said he fell upon his own sword, because the armour of Achilles was adjudged to Ulysses rather than to himself. Noxam et furias. These both refer to the crime committed by him upon Cassandra. He offered violence to her during the sack of Troy.