546. mortis metae: 'the goal of death.' A genitive of definition or apposition. H. 440, 4; LM. 569; A. 214, f; B. 202; G. 361, 1; (H, 396. VI). 548. adeo limits Totae. Cf. III, 203. conversae: 'wheeling about.' 565. hac (parte): 'on this,' i.e. ' on our side.'

refers to the people in

566. ob inceptum subitum: on account of the suddenness of this measure some might distrust the prudence of it. mihi: ethical dative. 568. victi: by the constructio ad sensum (synesis); the city, instead of agreeing grammatically with urbs. 182, a, 187, d; B. 235, B. 2, c; G. 211, R. 1; (H. 636, IV, 4).

H. 389; LM. 477; A.

572. caput, summa: Laurentum, as the chief seat of the Latins, is the head and center of the war.

589. trepidae rerum: see note on I, 178.

593. haec fortuna: ‘this (additional) misfortune'; the suicide of the queen. 600. crimen: 'the guilty cause.'

614-709. Turnus is alarmed by confused noises from the distant city, and, recognizing Juturna in her disguise, he mourns the slaughter of his friends unsuccored by him. Saces brings news of the attack of Aeneas on the city, and Turnus hastens to challenge his enemy once more to single combat. The heroes prepare at once for battle, while both armies cease fighting, and all eyes are fastened on the two leaders.

621. diversa: 'remote'; as in III, 4.

630. numero: i.e. caesorum.

634. fallis dea: 'thou hidest thy godhead,' lit. 'thou dost escape notice being a goddess,' an imitation of the Greek construction.

639. superat: as in II, 643; III, 339.

640. Cf. X, 842.

646. Manes: the souls of the dead were invoked as gods by the Romans. 648. inscia culpae: his soul is unconscious of the disgrace of saving life by flight at the sacrifice of friends and country.

655. Deiecturum: sc. se, as in 1. 762, below. 657. mussat: 'silently questions'; 'hesitates.' openly express his doubts.

Latinus dares not yet

659. tui fidissima: 'most faithful to thee.' The genitive is used by poetic license, perhaps, as analogous to the genitive with amantissimus, or studiosissimus.

664. deserto: remote from the actual scene of the conflict. Cf. 1. 614. 667. Uno, etc.: cf. X, 871 sqq.

672, 673. flammis vertex, etc.: 'the whirling column (vertex) of eddying flame (flammis volutus), between the platforms (of the tower), was streaming toward the sky.' Flammis is an ablative of manner with volutus. The tower in question was one which Turnus himself had caused to be constructed

on wheels within the walls, ready to be stationed at any point where it might be needed for defense.

679. Morte: = per mortem. 'I am resolved to suffer in death whatever bitterness there is in death.'

680. furere furorem: 'to give vent to fury.' ante: 'first'; i.e. before death, or before I die.

681. arvis: dative for in arva.

686. aut: for seu. sublapsa vetustas: 'the imperceptible lapse of time.' 687. mons: 'a vast rock,' montis pars. improbus: vehementissime conci

tatus.

694. verius (est): 'it is more just.'

710-790. The heroes hurl their spears, and then attack with the sword. Turnus, in his haste, having armed himself with the sword of his charioteer instead of his own, is now deceived by the treacherous weapon, which breaks at the first blow. He is pursued by Aeneas round and round, though the latter is retarded by his wound. While Aeneas in vain struggles to release his spear from the root of a tree into which it had struck, Juturna, in the guise of Metiscus, brings to Turnus his own sword. Then Venus, indignant at the interference of the nymph, loosens the spear of Aeneas from the root, and the battle is renewed.

727. Quem, etc.: (to ascertain) whom the struggle (labor) condemns to death, and which weight (whether that which represents Aeneas or that which represents Turnus) is carried down to death'; lit. 'with which weight death sinks down.' The latter clause more fully expressed : cui pondus vergens letum destinet. Pondere is the ablative of cause.

728. impune: sc. se facturum.

729. in ensem: cf. IX, 749; XI, 284.

733. Ni subeat: the apodosis is implied in the foregoing deserit: leaving him to perish, unless,' etc.

762. See note on 655.

769. Laurenti divo: Faunus was the tutelar god of Laurentum. See VII, 47. 779. fecere profanos: 'have profaned.' Cf. defensum dabit for defendei, 1. 437. The Trojans have profaned the honors of Faunus by cutting away the tree, and removing the tokens sacred to him.

785. dea Daunia: Juturna.

791-886. Jupiter forbids Juno to exercise any further influence in the contest, but consents, in answer to her prayer, that the Trojans shall lose their name, and that the Latins shall give theirs to the united people. One of the furies is sent in the form of a bird of ill omen to terrify Turnus; and Juturna, giving up all hope, plunges into the Tiber.

794. Indigetem: Aeneas was destined to be borne to heaven as a deus, indiges, or deified hero, and this Juno well knew.

801. et continues the negation; translate 'nor.'

805. Deformare domum: 'to clothe the house in squalid mourning.' The house of Latinus has been sorrow-stricken most of all by the suicide of Amata. 811. Digna indigna: for digna atque indigna; i.e. all things, whether seemly or disgraceful; all fortunes.

817. superstitio: 'fear-inspiring oath.'

835, 836. commixti - Subsident: 'mingled in population only (corpore antum, 'in the body' of people, not in name), they, as Trojans (i.e. in respect to their national name of Trojans), shall disappear.

845. geminae Dirae: Alecto and Tisiphone. These two are supposed here to await at the gate of Olympus the commands of Jove, while Megaera remains in Hades.

854. in omen: 'as an omen.'

877. fallunt: "

to me.

escape (me)'; the will of Jupiter under this omen is clear

880. Possem: 'I should have been able'; i.e. had I not been rendered immortal.

887-952. The heroes taunt each other, and Turnus lifts a huge stone and hurls it at Aeneas, but comes short of his mark. Turnus is wounded by the spear of Aeneas, and sinks to the ground. The Rutulians groan, and Turnus submits himself to the will of the victor, who is about to spare him, when he observes on his shoulder the belt of the slain Pallas, and, maddened at the sight, drives his sword to the heart of the slayer.

896. circumspicit: he looks round and sees.' 898. arvis: dative.

901. torquebat: 'tried to hurl.' The imperfect has a conative force.

903. neque se cognoscit: 'nor does he know his old self'; he is conscious of not possessing his wonted strength and agility. currentem: when running to seize the stone. euntem: when advancing with the stone against Aeneas.

921, 922. Murali Tormento: "by the mural engine'; by the ballista, with which walls are shattered.

942. bullis: 'with the (golden) studs.'

944. inimicum insigne: the ornament of his adversary'; an ornament which had been worn by his enemy.

From other accounts of the traditional history of early Rome, we learn that Aeneas, immediately after this victory, received Lavinia in marriage, united his Trojans in one nation with the subjects of Latinus, under the common

name of Latini, built the city of Lavinium, and obtained the right of succeeding to the kingdom of Latinus. Thus he secured a dwelling place in Italy, and introduced his gods into Latium, according to the purpose indicated in the beginning of the poem.

IRREGULARITIES OF SCANSION

369. pavor; as videt in I, 308. 16. The final vowel in Samo is not 411. obruimur; as pavor in l. 369. See grammars, under