THE GOLDEN CITY. [INTRODUCTION.-The following extract forms the last chapter of the Pilgrim's Progress, characterized by Macaulay as "the only work of its kind [the allegorical] which possesses a strong human interest." The full title of the work is, The Pilgrim's Progress from this World to that which is to Come, delivered under the Similitude of a Dream. It was written by Bunyan while imprisoned in Bedford (England) jail, where he was confined for more than twelve years (1660-1672) for holding religious meetings at which he preached as a dissenting minister. The first edition of the first part of the Pilgrim's Progress was published in 1678. The subsequent editions of the Progress have been innumerable, and it is said to have been translated into more languages than any other book except the Bible.] 1. Now I saw in my dream that by this time the pilgrims were got over the Enchanted Ground; and, entering into the' country of Beulah, whose air was very sweet and pleasant, the way lying directly through it, they solaced themselves there for a Yea, here they heard continually the singing of birds, s season. NOTES. - Line 1. in my dream. The whole "progress," or journey, Doubting Castle, the town of Vanity, the Valley of the Shadow of Death, the Valley of Humiliation, etc. of a dream." (See Pilgrim's 3. country of Beulah. 2. Enchanted Ground. In the geogra phy of the Pilgrim the Enchant ed Ground lies immediately be- See Isaiah lxii., 4: "Thou shalt be called Hephzi-bah, and thy land [shall be called] Beulah." The marginal reference in the English version translates the Hebrew term Beulah married. LITERARY ANALYSIS.-To what class of literary productions does the Pilgrim's Progress belong? Ans. It belongs to the class of allegories.-Define the figure allegory. (See Def. 21.)—What are some other famous allegories in the English language? I-II. Of how many sentences does paragraph I consist?-To which class grammatically does each sentence belong?-How many members (independent propositions) in the first sentence? In the second? In the third ?—The three sentences are of the same kind rhetorically considered: are they periods or loose sentences?-Of the 116 words in this paragraph, 82 per cent. are of Anglo-Saxon origin: select the other 21 words. 2. were got. Remark on this grammatical construction. See page 5, note 12 of this book. and saw every day the flowers appear in the earth, and heard the voice of the turtle in the land. In this country the sun shineth night and day: wherefore it was beyond the Valley of the Shadow of Death, and also out of the reach of the Giant Despair; neither could they from this place so much as see Doubting 10 Castle. 2. Here they were within sight of the city they were going to; also, here met them some of the inhabitants thereof; for in this land the shining ones commonly walked, because it was upon the borders of Heaven. In this land, also, the contract * between the bride and bridegroom* was renewed. Yea, here as the bridegroom rejoiceth over the bride, so did their God rejoice over 15. 7. voice of the turtle. See Song of | Solomon ii., 12: "And the 8, 9. Valley of the Shadow of Death. By 9-11. Giant Despair... Doubting Castle. In chap. xv. of the Pilgrim's LITERARY ANALYSIS.-12-24. Here... out, etc. One of the sentences in paragraph 2 is a period: which is the sentence?-Note the use of "here" as the introductory word of several of the sentences: is the order of these words the common or the rhetorical order? (See Def. 48.)—Give synonyms of the following words used in paragraph 2: "contract" (15); "abundance" (19); "pilgrimage" (20). 12. the city they were going to. Is this the literary or the conversational form of expression? Change to the literary order. 13. here met them, etc. Remark on the order of the words. 16. bridegroom. What is the derivation of this word? them. Here they had no want of corn* and wine; for in this place they met abundance* of what they had sought for in all their pilgrimage. Here they heard voices from out of the city, 20 loud voices, saying, "Say ye to the daughter of Zion, Behold, thy salvation cometh! Behold, his reward is with him!" Here all the inhabitants of the country called them "the holy people, the redeemed of the Lord, sought out," etc. 3. Now, as they walked in this land, they had more rejoicing 25 than in parts more remote from the kingdom to which they were bound. And drawing nearer to the city yet, they had a more perfect view thereof. It was built of pearls and precious stones; also the streets thereof were paved with gold; so that by reason of the natural glory of the city, and the reflection of the sun- 3a beams upon it, Christian with desire fell sick. Hopeful, also, had a fit or two of the same disease; wherefore here they lay by it awhile, crying out because of their pangs, "If you see my Beloved, tell him that I am sick of love." 4. But being a little strengthened, and better able to bear their 3 sickness, they walked on their way, and came yet nearer and nearer, where were orchards,* vineyards, and gardens, and their gates opened into the highway. Now, as they came up to these places, behold the gardener stood in the way, to whom the pilgrims said, "Whose goodly vineyards and gardens are these?" He answered, "They are the King's, and are planted here for his own delight, and also for the solace of pilgrims." So the 40 18. corn and wine. See Isaiah lxii., 8, 9.-corn= wheat. in the same construction as in "trip it" (Milton). 32. lay by it = lay by, rested. The 34. sick of love love-sick. See Song "it" here is indefinite, and is of Solomon v., 8. LITERARY ANALYSIS.-18. had no want, etc. here? (See Def. 31.) 20, 21. voices... loud voices. "voices." What is the figure of speech Observe the fine effect of the repetition of Give syntax of " them;" of "people." 23. called them the holy people. 25-34. Now, as they walked... love. How many sentences in paragraph 3? To wnat class, grammatically and rhetorically considered, does each belong. gardener had them into the vineyards, and had them refresh themselves with the dainties. He also showed them there the King's walks and arbors, where he delighted to be. And here they tarried and slept. 45 5. Now I beheld in my dream that they talked more in their sleep at this time than they ever did in all their journey; and being in a muse* thereabout, the gardener said even to me, "Wherefore musest thou at the matter? It is the nature of the 50 fruit of the grapes of these vineyards to go down so sweetly as to cause the lips of them that are asleep to speak.". 6. So I saw that when they awoke they addressed* themselves to go up to the city. But, as I said, the reflection of the sun upon the city-for the city was pure gold-was so extremely 55 glorious that they could not as yet with open face behold it, but through an instrument made for that purpose. So I saw that, as they went on, there met them two men in raiment that shone like gold; also their faces shone as the light. 7. These men asked the pilgrims whence they came? and they 60 told them. They also asked them where they had lodged, what dangers and difficulties, what comforts and pleasures, they had met with in the way? and they told them. Then said the men ... 43. had them into the vineyards: that is, | 51, 52. go down so sweetly . . . speak. caused them to go, conducted See Song of Solomon vii., 9. them. had them refresh: that 53. addressed themselves: that is, pre is, caused them to refresh. In pared themselves. this instance, as in the preced- 55. pure gold. "And the city was pure LITERARY ANALYSIS.-49. muse. 50-52. It is the nature... speak. Give the derivation of this word. Remark on the form of statement in this sentence. For what logical subject does the anticipative subject "it" stand? 53-59. So I saw... light. Point out a periodic sentence in paragraph 6. 53, 54. So I saw... city. Analyze this sentence. 56. but. What part of speech is "but " here? 57-59. So I saw... light. What simile in this sentence? that had met them, "You have but two difficulties more to meet with, and then you are in the city." 8. Christian, then, and his companion asked the men to go along with them; so they told them that they would. "But," said they, "you must obtain it by your own faith." So I saw in my dream that they went on together till they came in sight of the gate. 9. Now I further saw that betwixt* them and the gate was a river, but there was no bridge to go over, and the river was very deep. At the sight, therefore, of this river the pilgrims were much stunned; but the men that went with them said, "You must go through, or you cannot come at the gate." 65 70 75 10. The pilgrims then began to inquire if there was no other way to the gate? To which they answered, "Yes; but there hath not any, save two, to wit, Enoch and Elijah, been permitted to tread that path since the foundation of the world, nor shall, until the last trumpet shall sound. Then the pilgrims - especially 80 Christian - began to despond in their minds, and looked this way and that; but no way could be found by them by which they could escape the river. Then they asked the men if the waters were all of a depth? They said, "No ;" yet they could not help them in that case: "for," said they, "you shall find it deeper or 85 shallower, as you believe in the King of the place." 11. They then addressed themselves to the water, and entering, Christian began to sink, and, crying out to his good friend Hopeful, he said, "I sink in deep waters, the billows go over my head, all the waters go over me; Selah."* Then said the other, 90 "Be of good cheer, my brother; I feel the bottom, and it is 75. come at come to, reach. LITERARY ANALYSIS.-64. but. What part of speech is "but " here? 72. no bridge to go over. Supply the ellipsis. 77, 78. there hath not... permitted. Remark on this construction, and change the form of expression. 81. despond in their minds. Query as to any redundancy in this expression. 87. Give the derivation of the following words in paragraph II: "compassed" (93); "discover" (99); "hobgoblins" (105). 89. Hopeful. What is the syntax of this word? |