of Rome, I have the same dagger for myself when it shall please

my country to need my death.

All. Live, Brutus! live, live!

First Citizen. Bring him with triumph home unto his house.
Second Citizen. Give him a statue with his ancestors.

Third Citizen. Let him be Cæsar.

Fourth Citizen.

Shall be crowned in Brutus.

Cæsar's better parts

First Citizen. We'll bring him to his house with shouts and

45

50

clamors.

Brutus. My countrymen,—

Second Citizen.

First Citizen. Peace, ho!

Peace, silence! Brutus speaks.

55

Brutus. Good countrymen, let me depart alone,

And for my sake stay here with Antony.

Do grace to Cæsar's corpse,* and grace his speech
Tending to Cæsar's glories, which Mark Antony,
By our permission, is allowed to make.
I do entreat you, not a man depart,
Save I alone, till Antony have spoke.

47. a statue, etc. Brutus (Marcus Ju

nius) was reputed to be a de-
scendant of the elder Brutus
(Lucius Junius, about 500 B.C.),
who expelled Tarquin, and

60

[Exit.

thus ended kingly rule in Rome.

58. Do grace = = do honor.

...

61. not depart: that is, let not a man depart.

LITERARY ANALYSIS.-43. I have the same dagger, etc. From what does the energy of this expression arise? (See Def. 52, ii.) Suppose a general instead of a specific term had been used-thus, "As I slew my best lover for the good of Rome, so I am prepared to meet the same fate," etc.-would the expression be as energetic?-Did Brutus actually put an end to his life? Under what circumstances? (Consult Roman History.)

58. corpse. Give the derivation of this word, and explain its meaning. What was the form of the word in Shakspeare's time? (See Glossary.) What is another modern form of this word?

62. Save I alone. This is an irregular construction, since "save," whether regarded as a verb imperative (which it is in origin) or as a preposition (which it is in use), requires its object in the objective case.'-spoke, curtailed form (common in Shakespeare) for spoken.

'Abbott (Shakespearian Grammar, p. 81) suggests that "save seems to be used for saved"- I being the nominative absolute.

II.

First Citizen. Stay, ho! and let us hear Mark Antony. Third Citizen. Let him go up into the public chair; We'll hear him.-Noble Antony, go up.

*

Antony. For Brutus' sake, I am beholding to you. [Goes up. Fourth Citizen. What does he say of Brutus ?

Third Citizen.

He finds himself beholding to us all.

He says, for Brutus' sake,

65

Fourth Citizen. 'Twere best he speak no harm of Brutus here. 70
First Citizen. This Cæsar was a tyrant.
Third Citizen.

We're blessed that Rome is rid of him.

Nay, that's certain :

Third Citizen. Peace! let us hear what Antony can say.
Antony. You gentle Romans-

Citizens.

75

Peace, ho! let us hear him.

Antony. Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears:

I come to bury Cæsar, not to praise him.

The evil that men do lives after them,
The good is oft interréd* with their bones;
So let it be with Cæsar. The noble Brutus
Hath told you Cæsar was ambitious.

If it were so, it was a grievous fault,—

64. public chair: that is, the "pulpit," | 81. So let it be with Cæsar: that is, let

or rostrum, from which Brutus
had spoken.

66. beholding, beholden, obliged.

LITERARY ANALYSIS.

his goodness be buried with him, and not made the theme of my praise.

- 77. Friends, Romans, etc. In this speech, the aim of Antony (unlike that of Brutus) was to move the feelings of his audience. But it was necessary for him to do so covertly; for when he obtained permission to speak, he was, by Brutus, placed under this limitation—

"You shall not in your funeral speech blame us."

Considering the delicacy of the task, what do you think of the speech? Give reasons for your opinion.

77. lend me your ears. What figure of speech? (See Def. 29.) Change into plain language.

78. I come to bury Cæsar, etc. 79, 80. lives... is interred. Give the derivation of inter.

What figure of speech? (See Def. 18.)
What is the figure of speech? (See Def. 18.)-

80

And grievously hath Cæsar answered it.
Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest-
For Brutus is an honorable man;
So are they all, all honorable men—
Come I to speak in Cæsar's funeral.

He was my friend, faithful and just to me:
But Brutus says he was ambitious;
And Brutus is an honorable man.

He hath brought many captives home to Rome,
Whose ransoms did the general coffers* fill:
Did this in Cæsar seem ambitious?

When that the poor have cried, Cæsar hath wept:
Ambition should be made of sterner stuff.

Yet Brutus says he was ambitious;

And Brutus is an honorable man.

You all did see that on the Lupercal

I thrice presented him a kingly crown,
Which he did thrice refuse.

Was this ambition?

Yet Brutus says he was ambitious;
And, sure, he is an honorable man.

I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke,
But here I am to speak what I do know.
You all did love him once, not without cause;
What cause withholds you, then, to mourn for him?
O judgment, thou art fled to brutish beasts,
And men have lost their reason!-Bear with me;

84. answered it: that is, answered for it, atoned for it.

88. in, at.

93. general coffers, the public treasury. 99. on the Lupercal. The festival of the Lupercalia, one of the most an

cient Roman festivals, was held every year on the 15th of February in the Lupercal, a cave or grotto where Romulus and Remus were said to have been nurtured by the she-wolf.

LITERARY ANALYSIS.-86. honorable. What is the figure of speech? (See Def. 26.) Point out subsequent uses of the word, and show how the irony in

creases.

94. Did this, etc. What is the effect of using the interrogative form here? Point out another instance of its use in the same speech.

108. Remark on the expression "brutish beasts."

My heart is in the coffin there with Cæsar,

And I must pause till it come back to me.

First Citizen. Methinks* there is much reason in his sayings. Second Citizen. If thou consider rightly of the matter,

Cæsar has had great wrong.

Third Citizen.

Has he, masters?

I fear there will a worse come in his place.

Fourth Citizen. Marked ye his words? He would not take

the crown;

Therefore 'tis certain he was not ambitious.

110

115

First Citizen. If it be found so, some will dear abide it.
Second Citizen. Poor soul! his eyes are red as fire with weep-

120

ing.

Third Citizen. There's not a nobler man in Rome than Antony.
Fourth Citizen. Now mark him, he begins again to speak.
Antony. But yesterday the word of Cæsar might

Have stood against the world; now lies he there,
And none so poor to do him reverence.

O masters! if I were disposed to stir

Your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage,

I should do Brutus wrong, and Cassius wrong,
Who, you all know, are honorable men.

I will not do them wrong; I rather choose
To wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you,
Than I will wrong such honorable men.

But here's a parchment with the seal of Cæsar-
I found it in his closet-'tis his will:

Let but the commons hear this testament*

112. Methinks, it appears to me.
120. dear abide it: that is, will suffer
dearly for it.

LITERARY ANALYSIS.-IIO. My heart. speech? (See Def. 84.)

127. so poor so poor as.
137. commons, the people, the plebe-
ians.

... in the coffin, etc.

What figure of

111. I must pause. Why does Antony pause? Contrast the pausing of Brutus (32).

134. Than I will wrong. This is a grammatical irregularity; correspondence of terms requires the form than to wrong, etc.

125

130

135

(Which, pardon me, I do not mean to read),

And they would go and kiss dead Cæsar's wounds,

And dip their napkins* in his sacred blood;

Yea, beg a hair of him for memory,

And, dying, mention it within their wills,
Bequeathing it as a rich legacy*

Unto their issue.

Fourth Citizen. We'll hear the will. Read it, Mark Antony.
Citizens. The will, the will! we will hear Cæsar's will.
Antony. Have patience, gentle friends; I must not read it :

It is not meet* you know how Cæsar loved you.
You are not wood, you are not stones, but men ;
And, being men, hearing the will of Cæsar,
It will inflame you, it will make you mad.

140

145

150

'Tis good you know not that you are his heirs ; For, if you should, O, what would come of it!

Fourth Citizen. Read the will! we'll hear it, Antony ;

155

You shall read us the will! Cæsar's will !

Antony. Will you be patient? Will you stay awhile?

I have o'ershot myself, to tell you of it.

I fear I wrong the honorable men

Whose daggers have stabbed Cæsar; I do fear it.

LITERARY ANALYSIS.-Give the etymology of "testament" (137); of "napkins" (140); of "legacy" (143); of "meet" (148).

142–144. And, dying,... issue. What is the figure of speech? (See Def. 34.) 146. we will. What is the force of "will ?"

148. It is not meet.

155. You shall read.

loved you. Analyze this sentence. What is the force of "shall ?"

[In archery the one who was beaten

157. I have o'ershot myself. What is the figure of speech? (See Def. 20.) Change into a simile. (See Def. 20, ii.) in shooting was said to be overshot.]

159. Whose daggers have stabbed Cæsar. extremely energetic? (See Def. 52, ii.) to death."

What makes this form of expression
Compare with "who have put Cæsar