Quae postquam Anchises natum per singula duxit, Stat. Silv. 5. 3, 286 seems to have taken it exclusively of the Elysian fields, "Et monstrate nemus, quo nulla inrupit Erinys, In quo falsa dies caeloque simillimus aër." 888.] "Perque omnia duxit" v. 565 above. 889.] Med. has 'famae melioris amore,' evidently from 4. 221, an error which takes away from its authority in such passages as v. 806 (see note there). "Venientis,' in the future. He was to be inspired with a passion for the long line of historic glories which depended on his valour in Italy. Comp. vv. 718, 806., 4. 232. 890.] ['Exim,', Ribbeck, from the first reading of fragm. Vat.-H. N.] Viro' is introduced for the sake of the juxtaposition with bella.' 'Deinde from this time, v. 756. Here and in the next two lines Virg. almost repeats 3. 458, 459, the difference being that there the Sibyl is to tell Aeneas what he learns from Anchises. See note there. 891.] Laurentis populos,' the towns of the Laurentian territory. Serv. on 7. 667 says "Laurentum civitas plurimum potuit, nam omnia vicina loca eius imperio subiacuerunt."-H. N.] Urbem Latini' 12. 137. 893.]"Sunt geminae Belli portae" 7. 607. The gates of Sleep are from Hom.'s gates of dreams, which are similarly described Od. 19. 562 foll. Much ingenuity has been expended in searching for a symbolical meaning in them. Heyne seems right in saying that Virg. wanted to dismiss Aeneas from the shades by some other way than that by which he had entered, and that Hom.'s gates fortunately occurred to him. See Introduction to this Book. Turnebus and others wanted to understand somni' as "somnii:" but "somnii" would not be the same as "somniorum." Here, as 890 895 elsewhere. (e. g. v. 702 above), Virg. evidently substitutes sleep for dreams, on account of the metrical unmanageableness of "somnium." 'Fertur' might conceivably be understood as = 'surgit' or tollit se;' but it is simpler to understand it is reported to be,' Virg. speaking doubtfully of things that mortals have no direct means of knowing. tur cornea 'like "non sat idoneus Pugnae ferebaris" Hor. 2. Od. 19. 26. Fer 894.] Veris Umbris,' real spirits appear in sleep. How far the existence of such apparitions agrees with Virg.'s philosophy may be doubted: see on 4. 353., 5, 722. In Hom. the distinction is between truthful and lying dreams; and perhaps Virg. means to include this as well. See on v. 896. 895.] Perfecta nitens' seems = "perfecte nitens," like " saxosus sonans," "lenis crepitans" &c. though 'perfecta elephanto' would naturally go together, like "Cymbia argento perfecta" 5. 267. 'Gleaming with the polish of dazzling ivory.' 896.] Beautiful as the ivory gate is, the apparitions that pass through it are false. For the power of the shades to send dreams comp. Clytaemnestra's dream, which was sent by Agamemnon, Soph. El. 459, olμa pèv obv, olμai Ti κἀκείνῳ μέλον Πέμψαι τάδ ̓ αὐτῇ δυσπρόσοπτ ̓ oveípara. Wagn. Comp. Tibull. 2. 6. 37, ne tibi neglecti mittant mala somnia Manes," which Virg. may have thought of, if it was published before his death. Falsa' probably refers both to the quality of the apparition and to the message that it brings. Both may be illustrated from the dreams of Hom.: in Od. 4. 796 the apparition of Iphthime is made by Athene: in Il. 2. 6. foll. the Dream-god is sent to give false counsel. There is apparently a similar combination of the two notions in Hor. 3. Od. His ibi tum natum Anchises unaque Sibyllam 27. 40 foll., "imago Vana, quae porta 897.] It is difficult to choose between 'ibi' (fragm. Vat., Rom., Gud. a m. p., and probably Pal.) and 'ubi' (Med.). The former is the more simple, the latter the more artificial. On the whole I have followed Ribbeck in 'preferring 'ibi,' as 'portaque emittit eburna' loses force by being thrown into the protasis, and even Wagn. does not propose to treat it as forming the apodosis, though in 12. 81 he makes "rapidusque" the apodosis to "ubi." 66 Natumque unaque Sibyllam" v. 752 above. 898] "Prosequitur votis" 9. 310. "His' is explained by what precedes, vv. $90 foll. Anchises continues his instructions till they part at the gate. 899.] "Viam secat" 12. 368. So TéμVELV ódór. [Sen. Ben. 6. 15. 6" certam secanti viam et prospicienti futuras tempestates."-H. N.] "Post hinc ad navis graditur sociosque revisit" 8. 546. The sense is from Od. 11. 636, avтík' ἔπειτ' ἐπὶ νῆα κιὼν ἐκέλευον ἑταίρους Αὐτούς τ ̓ ἀμβαίνειν ἀνά τε πρυμνήσια Aural, of Ulysses leaving the shades. 6 900 900.] Recto litore,' sailing straight along the shore, like "recto flumine " S. 57. He follows the line of coast, and it takes him to Caieta. Heyne read ‘limite' from three or four inferior MSS., to avoid the repetition of 'litore' in the same part of the next verse: but though the repetition is certainly awkward it seems better to suppose a slight carelessness on Virg.'s part than to question the reading of all the great MSS. Ribbeck cuts the knot by bracketing v. 901, which is repeated from 3. 277. Perhaps we may say that Virg. inserted it as a piece of his own epic commonplace, whether as a stop-gap or not, and that this accounts for the repetition of 'litore.' The mention of Caieta has been objected to, as inconsistent with the opening of the next Book, where it is said that the death of Caieta, Aeneas' nurse, was the occasion of the name. But this is natural and Virgilian enough; and we can hardly wish that the poet had rivalled the accuracy of Ovid, who in his brief narrative of Aeneas' adventures (Μ. 14. 157) says “ Litora adit nondum nutricis habentia nomen." APPENDIX. "THEN, binding round their brows the mystic branch of bay, they rose, and in silence entered upon holy ground. . . . Fronting them rose the high altar, crowned, like the rest, with laurel, on which all must lay tribute who would inquire aught of Phoebus. Here the priests took of their offering and burnt it upon the slab. If the day were one of consultation, lots then were drawn for precedence, and he whom fortune favoured moved on, past the Omphalos, where Apollo had reposed in early days, past the tomb of Neoptolemus, past the image of Pallas, to the steps of the shrine itself. At the foot he left his train of servants, and mounted all alone, wondering at the marvels round, the open colonnades, the wondrous sculptures filling the pediments of the noble tympana, each commemorating the life and labours of a god. . . . And now the jubilant trumpets of the priests pealed out, with notes that rang round the valley, and up among the windings of the Hyampeian cliff. Awed into silence by the sound, he crossed the garlanded threshold: he sprinkled on his head the holy water from the fonts of gold, and entered the outer court. New statues, fresh fonts, craters, and goblets, the gift of many an Eastern king, met his eye: walls emblazoned with dark sayings rose about him as he crossed towards the inner adytum. Then the music grew more VOL. II. 2 N loud: the interest deepened: his heart beat faster. With a sound as of many thunders, that penetrated to the crowd without, the subterranean door rolled back: the earth trembled: the laurels nodded: smoke and vapour broke commingled forth and, railed below within a hollow of the rock, perchance he caught one glimpse of the marble effigies of Zeus and the dread sisters, one gleam of sacred arms; for one moment saw a steaming chasm, a shaking tripod, above all, a Figure with fever on her cheek and foam upon her lips, who, fixing a wild eye upon space, tossed her arms aloft in the agony of her soul, and, with a shriek that never left his ear for days, chanted high and quick the dark utterances of the will of Heaven.” ARNOLD PRIZE ESSAY for 1859, pp. 14, 15. Acies, of the pupil of the eye, 6. 200 Actium, games celebrated at, by Aeneas Actius, adjective, 3. 280 mixture of instrumental and Ad after or according to, 5. 834 modal, 1. 2; 4. 696; 6. 449. 466 modal, 2. 185, 460; 3. 134; 4. 46; 5, 29 3. 614 =per with accusative, 2. 412 without preposition after words of quality, predicative, without Accerso and arcesso, 5. 746; 6. 119 of entertaining guests, 3. 353 - and infinitive, used to denote of thing along which motion takes place, 1. 524 of the person of whom a request is made, 1. 666 and ablative interchange places, 1. 195; 3. 465 cognate, 6. 223, 466 Acerbus, of untimely death, 6. 429 Achates, declension of, 1. 120 Achemenides, 3. 590 foll. Acheron, 6. 295, 296 Achilli, genitive, 1. 30 Aedificare, of ship-building, 2. 16 Aegri mortales, 2. 268 Aemilius Scaurus, theatre of, 1. 428 Aenea, 3. 18 Aeneas, story of his wanderings, pp. xlvi- character of as drawn by Virgil, story in Varro, about his de- sequel of his life after settling in his treatment of Dido, Introd. -'s descent into the shades, War- Aeneid, evidence from ancient writers as lines preceding commencement lines quoted by Serv., as found in third book of, its sources and Book V., probably did not form Book VI., inconsistencies observ- Book VI., vv. 1, 2; question as to confusion in narrative of, 2. 781 Virgil, 6. 743, 744 instances of imperfect revision in, 6, 161 prominence of female characters in, Introd. Aeolia = Lipara, 1. 52 Aeolides, applied to Ulysses, 6. 529 Aequus, 6. 129 Aer, of mist, 1. 411; 5. 20 20 Aethiopis of Arctinus, the, 1. 489; p. lxiv. Aetna, 3. 571 foll. Aevi integer, 2. 638 Agathyrsi, 4. 146 used for ducere, 2. 441 Agger viae, 5. 273 of the motion of oars, 5. 211 Air and light identified, 3. 600 Alba, sack of, Virgil supposed to have Alii, not preceded by alii, 4. 593 = Alius, idiomatically used as including a Alma, applied to the Sibyl, 6. 74, 117 Altaria = arae, 5. 54 touching of, 4. 219; 6. 124 Alveus, of the hollow of a boat, G. 412 Amazons, 1. 490 Ambages, of the Sibyl's predictions. 6. Ambo for duo, 6. 540 and aether, distinction between, 5. Amittere, in its old sense of dimittere, 2. Aeripes, 6. 802 Aëris campi, 6.887 Aether and aethra, 3. 585 148 Amor, of a love-charm, 4. 516 Amplification, turn for, in Virgil, 1. 416; Aetherius, not used strictly by Virgil, 1. Amycus, 5. 373 546 An, simply disjunctive, 1, 329 |