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THE NATIONAL ADVOCATE AND ENQUIRER.
Troubles of Politicians.-New Party Organs.-The Advocate.-Henry Wheaton.
-Henry Eckford.—The Enquirer.-Major Noah.-Washington Correspond-
ence and James Gordon Bennett.-Horace Walpole's Letters.-Niblo's Coffee-
house. The Duel between William Graham and Dr. Barton.-Ingathering of
the Jews at Grand Island.—The City of Ararat.-Noah's grand Procession and
Oration.-Evening Star.-Newspaper Editors in General......
CHAPTER XIX.
THE RELIGIOUS PRESS.
. Page 282
-
Origin of religious Journalism.-The first in the Field. - Chillicothe Recorder
and John Andrews.—Boston Recorder and Nathaniel Willis.—Autobiography
of Willis.-The Claims of Sidney E. Morse.-New York Observer.-Watch-
man and Reflector.-Zion's Herald.—Christian Register.-Christian Herald.—
Christian Advocate.-Tilt between the Evangelist and Independent. — Chris-
tian Union.-Henry Ward Beecher and Wendell Phillips as Journalists.-Or-
gans of Churches.-Character of the Religious Press.-Its Ups and Downs.-
Archbishop Hughes and the Catholic Press. -Jewish Organs. -The Daily
Witness.-New York Herald as a religious Paper.-Newspapers for Children,
etc..
289
CHAPTER XX.
SOME OF THE REPRESENTATIVE NEWSPAPERS.
Inkling of an Independent Press.―Judge Bouvier and the American Telegraph.
-Niles's Register.-Hartford Times.-John M. Niles and Gideon Welles.-
Funny Fight for a Post-office.-Thomas H. Benton and Duff Green in Mis-
souri.-St. Louis Enquirer.-William Cobbett.-The Porcupine.-Cobbett as
a Host.-New York American and Charles King.-The Providence Journal.—
Wonderful Change of Base on the Tariff Question.-New York Albion.-Or-
gans of other Nations in the United States.-The Poets as Journalists.-Stop
my Paper!-Fashionable Journalism.-The Louisville Journal.-George D.
Prentice and John Greenleaf Whittier. - The Courier-Journal.-Henry Wat-
terson.-The Wits of the Press.—The Initial Sheet west of Albany.—John I.
Mumford.-Fanny Wright.-Opinion of Richard Cobden, etc......
CHAPTER XXI.
SPECIAL OR CLASS JOURNALISM.
306
Organs of the Farmers.-Number of Agricultural Newspapers.-What they have
accomplished.-Commercial and Financial Press.-Origin of the Boston Com-
mercial Bulletin.-Its Character and Value. - The Sunday Newspapers. -
What are they?—The Sporting Press. What it has done for the Turf and
the Field.-The Telegraph Organs.-Our Society Journals.... 329
CHAPTER XXII.
THE BLANKET SHEETS OF NEW YORK.
The Morning Courier and New York Enquirer.-James Watson Webb.-News-
paper Enterprise.-Size of the Sheets.-The Quadruple Constellation.-The
Graves and Cilley Duel.-Colonel Webb and Duff Green.-The Woods Riot.
-The Marshall Duel. - Sentence of Colonel Webb. -The Bankrupt Act.-
William L. Marcy and James Gordon Bennett.-The Mackenzie Pamphlet.—
The Editor of the Courier as a Diplomat.-Webb and Napoleon.-The Journal
of Commerce.-Its Origin.-David Hale and Gerard Hallock.-News Schoon-
ers and Pony Expresses. - Abolition Riots in New York. - Lewis Tappan's
Escape. - Origin of the Associated Press.―The Rebellion.—Advertisements.
-The Bogus Proclamation.-Suspension of New York Papers.-The Present
Manager and Editor of the Journal of Commerce... ..Page 344
CHAPTER XXIII.
SOME OF THE BOSTON NEWSPAPERS.
The Boston Daily Advertiser.-Horatio Biglow and Nathan Hale.-The first Dai-
ly Newspaper in New England.-Origin of Editorial Articles.-North Amer-
ican Review.-The Evening Traveller.-Its Introduction to News-boys.-The
Boston Courier.-Joseph Tinker Buckingham. —New England Galaxy.-The
Transcript.-The Liberator.-William Lloyd Garrison.-Old Files of News-
papers.-The Boston Pilot.-Charles G. Greene.-"All Sorts" of Wit.-The
Atlas. Richard Haughton and John H. Eastburn.—Samuel Bowles, of Spring-
field. The Mercantile Journal.-The stunning News Placards.-The Herald.
-The last Newspaper Enterprise.-The Globe..
CHAPTER XXIV.
ANTI-MASONRY AND NULLIFICATION.
378
Thurlow Weed and the Albany Evening Journal.-The Anti-Masonic Party.-
Seward, Weed & Co.-Who wrote the Junius Letters ?-The Roorback Hoax.
-The Nashville Union.-Duels and Offices.-The Charleston (S. C.) Mercury.
-The chief Organ of the Nullifiers and Secessionists.-More Duels.-Nice
Points of Honor.-The Code.—The “Independence" of the Press.-The Tar-
iff Question.... 397
FITFH ERA.
1832-1835.
JOURNALISM IN A TRANSITION STATE.
CHAPTER XXV.
THE BEGINNING OF THE NEWSPAPER REVOLUTION.
Size of Newspapers in 1832.-Waste of Space. - Smaller Papers. - The New
York Globe.—James Gordon Bennett.—Signs of a Change.—The Pennsylva-
nian.-The Mackenzie Pamphlet.-The Hoyt, Van Buren, and Bennett Corre-
spondence. Inside View of the Party Press.―Blair's Opinion of Bennett.-Op-
position of Politicians.-Incoming of the Independent Press.-Seward, Weed,
and Greeley......
CHAPTER XXVI.
THE PENNY PRESS.
408
Where did it originate?—The Cent of Philadelphia.-The Morning Post of New
York.-Its Failure.—Dr. Horatio D. Shepard and Horace Greeley.—The New
York Sun. Its Success. Speech of its Originator.-Contents of the first
Number.-The Moon Hoax.-Richard Adams Locke.-The Man without a
Country. Enterprise of the Sun.-Opinion of a "Blanket Sheet" on the Cheap
Press. The Citizen and Miles O'Reilly....
416
Contents.
ix
SIXTH ERA.
1835-1872.
THE INDEPENDENT PRESS.
CHAPTER XXVII.
THE NEW YORK HERALD.
James Gordon Bennett, Senior.-Newspaper Autobiography.-His Prospectus.—
What he promised to do.-How he started the Herald.-It came with Steam-
boats and Railroads. — Origin of the Money Articles. - News Agencies and
News Companies.—Burned out.-Another Prospectus.-Ocean Steam Navi-
gation. The Extradition Treaty.-The Cash System. - Sam. Houston and
Texas.-Amos Kendall and Nicholas Biddle. - Personal Assaults.-Illustra-
tions and War Maps.-The Religious Anniversary Meetings.-Opposition of
the Clergy.-Harbor News Arrangements.-Visit to Europe-European Cor-
respondence. The Harrison Hard-Cider Campaign. Page 428
CHAPTER XXVIII.
MORE OF THE NEW YORK HERALD.
The great Moral War.-Tremendous Struggle between the old and new Class
of Journals.-The Forces in the Field.-Anecdotes.-The curious Result.-
John Howard Payne. - Attempted Assassination. - An Infernal Machine.—
New Mode of Advertising.—Interesting Incidents.—The Mexican War.—Over-
land Expresses.-Discovery of Gold in California.-Silver Plate to Mr. Ben-
nett.-Libel Suits.-The Policy of the Herald.-Obituary Notices.-Curious
Incident with Sir Henry Bulwer.-Style of Editorials.-The Telegraphic Era.
-The Great Rebellion.-The Herald War Correspondents.-News from the
South. Letter from Secretary Stanton. The French Mission. - What did
Pierce, Buchanan, and Lincoln do?-Death of the Founder of the Herald.-
Cheap Press in New York.-James Gordon Bennett, Jr.-Wonderful Enterprise
in Europe and Africa.-The Anglo-Abyssinian Expedition.-The News Steam
Yachts.-The Herald Exploring Expeditions in Africa.-What next?.... 456
CHAPTER XXIX.
NEWSPAPERS IN NEW ORLEANS AND MOBILE.
The Initial Papers of the Crescent City.-Journalism in French and English.—
New Orleans Bee.-The Picayune.-George Wilkins Kendall.-War Corre-
spondence from Mexico.-Decline of Journalism in New Orleans.-Its Cause.
-Newspaper Architecture.-The first Paper in Mobile.-Newspapers in that
City. The first Penny Paper.-The Register and John Forsyth....
CHAPTER XXX.
FEMALE JOURNALISTS.
491
The Ladies' Magazine.-The Lowell Offering.-Early Female Periodical Writers.
-Sarah Josepha Hale.-The Woman's Rights Movement.-The Revolution.
-The Sorosis. - Woman's Journal. - Woodhull & Claflin's Weekly. - The
True Woman.-Free Love.-Female Suffrage.-The Troubles of the Reform-
ers.....
CHAPTER XXXI.
THE CHEAP PRESS IN PHILADELPHIA AND BALTIMORE.
497
The Public Ledger of Philadelphia.-The Sun of Baltimore.-Swain, Abell, and
Simmons. Their wonderful Success.-The way George W. Childs purchased
the Ledger. His manifest Destiny. - His Management of the Paper. - The
splendid Ledger Building.-Anecdotes of Swain and Childs.-Political Hoax.
—“The Pen is mightier than the Sword.”—The Ledger Almanac... Page 505
CHAPTER XXXII.
THE EXPRESS NEWSPAPER AND THE EXPRESS LINES.
The New York Express.-Willis Hall and James Brooks.-The European Cor-
respondent. The Man with the big Hat.-Erastus Brooks.-The Express
Lines. Harnden, Adams, Dinsmore, and Sanford. — Importance of the Ex-
presses to Newspaper Publishers
517
CHAPTER XXXIII.
THE NEW YORK TRIBUNE.
Horace Greeley.-What he has done in Journalism.-The Daily Tribune.-The
Weekly Tribune. - Inducements to Subscribers. — Associated Ownership.-
Circulation and Advertisements.-The Isms of the Tribune.-Contests with the
Herald. The Great Halifax Express.-The Atlantic Ocean Express.-The
Firm of Seward, Weed, and Greeley.-Its Dissolution.-Greeley before a Par-
liamentary Committee.-His Slap at the Herald.—The Kansas Question.-
"Just once."-What it costs to publish the Tribune.-Managing Editors.-In-
terviewing and its Advantages.—The Inititial Editors.—Greeley's Penmanship.
-Thirty Years in the Tribune.-Tour through the South.-Aspirations for the
Presidency.-Nomination for the White House.-Withdrawal from the Trib-
une.-Newspaper Almanacs...
522
CHAPTER XXXIV.
ALL SORTS OF POLITICAL PAPERS.
The first Newspaper in Tennessee.-The Knoxville Whig.-Parson Brownlow
and Andrew Johnson.-The Albany Register.-The Plebeian, New Era, Morn-
ing News, Globe, and Aurora.-Slamm, Bang & Co.-The Republic.-Cheva-
lier Wikoff and Duff Green.—The Albany Atlas.-The War of the Roses.—
The Springfield Republican.-Samuel Bowles.-Arrest in New York. - Con-
troversy with David Dudley Field.-The first Journal in the Oil Regions. 574
CHAPTER XXXV.
CHEAP LITERATURE.
Novels made into News and sold by News-boys.-The Brother Jonathan and
New World. The Boston Notion.-Competition for the last Novel by the last
Steamer.-Dickens's American Notes and the Queen's Speech.-Effect of the
Copyright Law in Canada...
CHAPTER XXXVI.
NEWSPAPERS ON THE PACIFIC.
... 587
The Flumgudgeon Gazette, of Oregon. - Stevenson's Expedition. - Type and
Presses go with the Troops.-The Discovery of Gold.-Specimens sent to the
New York Herald.-Tremendous Gold Excitement.-How Newspapers in Cal-
ifornia originated.—Eastern Journals in the Mines. - How early News from
California was obtained.-The Present.-The Future..
CHAPTER XXXVII.
THE TELEGRAPHIC ERA.
590
Various Modes of transmitting Intelligence for Newspapers. Carrier Pigeons
and Balloons.-Introduction of the Telegraph.-Its Struggles.-Opinion of a
Wall-Street Millionaire.-Nomination of Silas Wright.-Influence of the Tel-
egraph on the Press.-Curious Prediction of Lamartine.-The Battles in Mex-
ico. Marvelous Progress.-The Battles in Europe. - Affairs of the World
xi
daily Electrotyped for the Journalist. Balloons as News and Mail Carriers
from Paris.-The Lightning Express Lines....... . Page 595
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
THE NEW YORK ASSOCIATED PRESS.
Its Origin.-Its Necessity.-Its Object.-Its Operations.-War with the Tele-
graph Companies.-Attempt at Monopoly.-Lease of the Newfoundland Line.
-Intercepting Steamers off Halifax and Cape Race.-Will the Association be
a permanent Institution?.. 608
CHAPTER XXXIX.
THE NEW YORK TIMES.
How it originated.-Negotiations on the Ice.-The Tilsit Raft of the Times.—
Henry J. Raymond its Editor.-His Ability as a Reporter.-His early Career
in Politics. Why he was called “Little Villain" by Horace Greeley.-Trouble
with James Watson Webb.-Threatened Duel with Thomas Francis Meagher.
-Sharp Controversy with Archbishop Hughes.-The Elbows of the Mincio.-
The Draft Riots.—Fortifying Newspaper Offices.—Manners in Journalism.—
Sudden Death of Mr. Raymond.—Henry Ward Beecher's Eulogy.—The new
Management of the Times.-George Jones.-The Gold Speculations of 1869.
-John Bigelow.-The War on the Tammany Ring.-Its great and important
Result... 618
CHAPTER XL.
THE NEW YORK LEDGER.
Its Origin.-Its first Name.-Curious Names of Papers.-Why Bonner bought
the Ledger.-How he brought it into Notice.-Mrs. Sigourney the first Con-
tributor.-Who writes for the Ledger?-Bonner's Advertisements.-How he
managed the Herald.-His System.-Anxiety of his Pastor.-Novels by Tele-
graph.-Interesting Incident.-Correspondence with General Grant and Henry
Ward Beecher.-His Horses.-His Country Seat and the Fever and Ague.-
The Circulation of the Ledger....... 646
CHAPTER XLI.
THE PRESS CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS.
Origin of the Press Club of New York.-Kossuth's Reception and Speech.-The
Dickens Banquet.-Speeches of Greeley, Dickens, Raymond, Curtis, and Haw-
ley. The Press Social Associations in the Country.
Connection with the News Associations...
CHAPTER XLII.
THE NEW YORK WORLD.
What they do. - No
656
How it was Started.-Its religious Character.-Two hundred thousand Dollars
lost in the Enterprise.-Its Change of Base.-Its Union with the Courier and
Enquirer.-The Bogus Proclamation.-Suspension of the World by the Gov-
ernment.Its Reappearance and Manifesto.- Repudiation of Seymour and
Blair.-The Literary Character of the Paper.-Its Enterprise.-Manton Mar-
ble, its Editor...... 667
CHAPTER XLIII.
THE NEW YORK SUN.
Its modern Character.—Its Sale to Charles A. Dana and Associates.—It is no
longer a Penny Paper. - Who is Editor Dana?-His Connection with the
Tribune.-Assistant Secretary of War.-Editor of the Chicago Republican.—
Editor of the New York Sun.-Trouble with John Russell Young.-Circula-