Journalism in the United States, from 1690-1872

The Gazette.-Its Commencement by William Bradford.-The Bible.-Premi-
ums for Subscribers.-New England Weekly Journal.—Samuel Kneeland.—
The Mails.-Difficulties in circulating Newspapers.-Style of Writers, etc.. 72

CHAPTER IV.

REAPPEARANCE OF THE FRANKLINS.

The Way Benjamin Franklin started a Paper in Philadelphia.—Samuel Keimer.

-The Pennsylvania Gazette.—The Fleets in Boston.—Mother Goose Melodies.

-The Fashions.-More Trouble with the Authorities.-Boston Evening Post.

-Zenger's New York Journal. - Arrest of Zenger. - The first Libel Suit in

America. Andrew Hamilton's great Speech.-The popular Verdict.-The

Joy of the People.-The Dawn of Liberty.-The New York Gazette.-William

Bradford.-The Post-Boy.-James Parker.-Personal Description of an early

New York Editor.-James Franklin in Newport.-The Rhode Island Gazette.

-Newport then and now, etc...
. Page 77

CHAPTER V.

THE PRESS AT THE SOUTH.

Commencement in South Carolina.-The Gazette.-The first Newspaper in Vir-

ginia. The Gazette.-Boston Weekly Post-Boy.-Ellis Huske.-The Brad-

fords of Pennsylvania.—The Stamp Act.-Indignation in Printing - offices.—

John Hughes, the Stamp Commissioner.—Carriers' Addresses.—The first Pa-

per in Maryland.—The Gazette again.-Toujours Perdrix.-Very old Printing-

press.-The Beginning of the German Newspapers, etc..
96

THIRD ERA.

1748-1783.

THE REVOLUTIONARY PRESS.

CHAPTER VI.

THE PRE-REVOLUTIONARY NEWSPAPERS.

Our Patriotic Editors and Publishers.-The Sons of Liberty.-Who Wrote for

the Newspapers.-Opening of the Revolutionary Ball.-The Boston Independ-

ent Advertiser.—Samuel Adams.-New York Mercury.-Hugh Gaine's Ga-

zette.-Philip Freneau, the Poet.-The Adamses, Warrens, and Quincys.-Bos-

ton Gazette.-Shed's Grocery-store.-Boston Massacre.-Throwing the Tea

overboard. Imprisonment of Daniel Fowle. -Newport (R. I.) Mercury.—

James Franklin, Jr.-Ann Franklin.-The Franklin Printing-presses.-Impris-

onment of Alexander M'Dougall, etc.....

CHAPTER VII.

SPREAD OF THE REVOLUTIONARY SPIRIT.

102

The Connecticut Courant.-Scarcity of Rags for Paper-mills.-Appeals for old

Cotton and Linen. - Curiosities of the old Rag Shops. - History repeating

itself. The American Rag-bag.—The Maryland Gazette.-Charles Carroll, of

Carrollton.—The Virginia Resolutions.-Mottoes and Devices.-Opinions of

Sir William Berkeley and Henry A. Wise.-New York Journal.-Alexander

M'Dougall.-Royal Gazetteer.-James Rivington.-Attack on Rivington's Of

fice.-Alexander Hamilton.-Boston Chronicle.-John Mein.-Salem Gazette.

-Harvard College.-Nathaniel Willis, etc..

CHAPTER VIII.

THE REVOLUTIONARY CRISIS.

113

The Massachusetts Spy.-Isaiah Thomas.-The British Organ.-Massachuset

tensis.―Join or Die.—Paul Revere's Midnight Ride.—The Concord Fight.—

Worcester Spy.-Rivington's Royal Gazette.-Curious Interview with Colonel

Ethan Allen.-Major André and the Cow Chase.-Freneau's Satires, etc. 127

CLOSE OF THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD.

Increase of Newspapers.-The Independent Chronicle.-Death of General War-

ren.-William Gordon, the Historian.-Publication of Histories and Geogra-

phies.-New York Packet.-Samuel Loudon.-Death of James Otis.-News-

papers in New Jersey. The first New York Directory.-The Greenbacks of

the last Century.-Number of Papers printed at the close of the Revolutionary

Struggle, etc...
. Page 136

FOURTH ERA.

1783-1832.

THE POLITICAL PARTY PRESS.

CHAPTER X.

ORGANIZATION OF THE GREAT POLITICAL PARTIES.

After the Revolution.-The Beginning of the Federal and Republican Parties.

Metternich's Opinion.-Stamp Acts.-Names of Cliques.-Contributors to the

Press.-Newspapers in Existence.-Independent Gazette.-American Citizen.

-James Cheetham.-State of Society.-Aaron Burr's Suit against the Citizen.

-Theatre in New York.-" Vivat Respublica.”—Box 8s., Pit 6s., Gallery 45.—

Massachusetts Centinel.-Major Benjamin Russell.-Shay's Rebellion.-Fed-

eral Constitution.-Real and imaginary Processions.-The War of Editors.-

King Louis Philippe.—The Black Cockade.-Death of the Federal Party.—

Gerrymandering.-New Hampshire Gazette.-Connecticut Courant....
141

CHAPTER XI.

THE NEWSPAPERS ON THE PENDING QUESTIONS.

The Restoration of the Tories to Citizenship.—Society of Cincinnati.—The Alien

and Sedition Laws. —Virginia Resolutions.-Prosecutions of Newspapers.—

Law of Libel in Massachusetts.-The Common Law of England "the Birth-

right of every American."-Benjamin Austin and Thomas O. Selfridge.-As-

sassination of Charles Austin.-The Massachusetts Stamp Act.-Tax on Ad-

vertisements.-Benjamin Edes and Isaiah Thomas.-Worcester Spy.-Ameri-

can Titles.-The Rise and Fall of Newspapers.-The first Express.-Salem

ities....
158

CHAPTER XII.

THE FIRST DAILY NEWSPAPERS.

The American Daily Advertiser of Philadelphia.-Zachariah Poulson.-The New

York Daily Advertiser.-Washington in New York.-Freneau.-The Portland

Daily Courier.-Junius and the Federalist.-When and where published.—

Interesting Incidents.-New York Gazette.-John Lang.-Shipping News.-

Old Lang's Sign.-United States Gazette and North American of Philadelphia.

-John Fenno.-Joseph R. Chandler.-Newspaper Enterprise.-Ten Journals

in one.-Impartial Intelligencer...
175

CHAPTER XIII.

NOTABLE JOURNALS.

National Gazette of Philadelphia.-The celebrated Philip Freneau.-Organ of
Thomas Jefferson. — Violent 'Attacks on Washington. - His Complaints in
Cabinet Council.-New York Time-piece.-Matthew L. Davis.-Newspapers
in New Jersey. Massachusetts Mercury.-"Immutably Impartial."-Harry
Blake, the Ship-news Compiler.-Incidents in his Life.-Topliff's News-room

in Boston.

Noah Webster. - New York Commercial Advertiser. - Colonel

- Anecdote of James G. Percival.-Thurlow Weed and

THE PRESS AT THE WEST.

The Centinel of the Northwestern Territory.-First Journalist of the Northwest.

-Posmasters as Publishers.-Western Spy and Sol. Smith.-Newspapers in

Cincinnati.-The Gazette.-Charles Hammond.-The first daily Paper.-In-

troduction of Steam Presses.-Symmes's Hole.-Horse Expresses.-Cash Re-