THE LONDON SCHOOLS.

The profession of medicine, from the education of the student to the conduct of the qualified practitioner, is controlled by the General Medical Council, a body which at present consists of 34 members, of whom 24 are representatives of the Universities and corporations empowered to grant qualifying diplomas, 5 are elected by members of the profession in the United Kingdom, and 5 are nominated by the Crown. A qualification for registration as a medical practitioner cannot be obtained in a shorter period than five years from the date of passing the commencement of the authorised course of study. The average period is nearly seven years. In counting the cost of entering the profession, the expenses of living for six or seven years must therefore be added to the amount of the fees for teaching and hospital privileges. These fees vary from less than £100 to £150. We give a list of the leading schools in London:

and examining bodies. Students either enter the school at the commencement of their career-paying a composition fee, in which case they carry out their earlier studies at King's College University of London-or they enter when they have passed the examination in anatomy and physiology. A feature of the hospital is the complete system of tutorial instruction in medicine, surgery, midwifery, and gynæcology. The hospital and medical school are now being rebuilt at Camberwell, and students who enter now will complete their studies at the new hospital. The new building will give exceptional opportunities for clinical and pathological study both as regards general medicine and surgery, and also as regards departments for special diseases. Ap pointments open to qualified students are: clinical assistants in each special department, house anesthetists, house physicians, house surgeons, house accoucheurs (14 annually), Charing Cross, Chandos Street, W.C.-Beds senior tutors and registrars in medicine, 150, in-patients 2112, out-patients 21,883 Fees, surgery, and obstetrics; Sambroke medical and 115 guineas in one sum, or in sessional pay surgical registrars and tutors. The hospital is ments as follows: Entrance fee, 10 guineas, and thoroughly equipped with X-ray and photo15 guineas each winter session and to guineas graphic departments, clinical pathological each summer session until qualified; for dental laboratories and work-rooms, pathological students 55 guineas, or 6x guineas payable in museum, department for tutorial instruction two instalments, of 31 guineas and 30 guineas in bandaging, application of splints, etc. The respectively. The following hospital appoint-athletic clubs, students' medical and other ments are open to students: clinical patholo- societies, common room, etc., are under the gist and bacteriologist, salary £150 per annum; management of the Clubs and Societies curator and pathologist (annual), 100; assis- Union. The union has the use of a large tant anæsthetist, 60; medical and surgical ground at Wormwood Scrubs. Fees: Course and obstetrical registrars (annual), L40 each; for the final examinations either for the M.B., resident medical officer (annual), 100, with B.S. of the University of London, or for the board and residence. Six house physicians, diplomas of the Royal Colleges of Physicians 6 house surgeons, and 2 resident obstetric and Surgeons (M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.), 70 guineas; officers, appointed each year on the recom- composition fee for the whole University of mendation of the committee after competitive London course, 140 guineas; composition fee examinations, are provided with board and for the whole Conjoint course (M.R.C.S., residence in the hospital. Scholarships are L.R.C.P.), 135 guineas. Full particulars as to awarded annually to the value of £500, in- prizes, entrance and other scholarships, may cluding two University scholarships, value 50 be obtained on application to the Dean, Dr. J. guineas and 40 guineas respectively, gold Charlton Briscoe, or the Secretary, at the medal, Huxley, Livingstone, Travers, "Dr. School. Green," John H. Morgan, and Pereira Prizes. Dean, Frederick C. Wallis.

London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, E.-The largest general hospital in England; 922 beds are in constant use, and no beds are closed. Being the only general hospital for East London-i.e. for 1,500,000 people-the practice is immense. In-patients last year, 14,990; outpatients, 238,691; accidents, 15,067; operations under anæsthesia, 17,639. Owing to the enor mous number of patients, more appointments, salaried and resident, are open to students than at any other hospital. One hundred and thirtyfive of these qualified appointments are made annually, and more than 150 dressers, clinical clerks, etc., appointed every three months. All are free to students of the college. Holders of resident appointments have free board and rooms. Thirty-seven scholarships and prizes are given annually. Special classes are held for the University of London and other higher examinations. Special entries for medical and surgical practice can be made. Perpetual fee, 120 guineas. A reduction of 15 guineas is made to the sons of members of the profession entering for the full course. The new pathological institute and the laboratories and classrooms for bacteriology, public health, operative surgery, physiology, chemistry, physics, and

Guy's, London Bridge, S.E. Beds 618, inpatients admitted 8400, out-patients 130,499. Fee, 35 guineas per annum, including all charges for materials, lockers, etc.; and an entrance fee of 20 guineas to first-year students, 10 guineas to third-year students; term, 5 years. A residential college for students is connected with the hospital by subway. It provides accommodation for 60 resident students, and contains a dining hall, reading-rooms, library of general literature, and gymnasium for the use of the residents and of the members of the students' clubs. There are five entrance scholarships. All appointments are given to students without extra payment, and according to the merits of the candidates, as determined by a committee of the medical staff. Eight assistant house physicians, 8 house physicians, 24 assistant house surgeons, 8 house surgeons, and 2 ophthalmic house surgeons are appointed annually. School Secretary, S. H. Croucher. King's College Hospital, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C.-Beds, 224. The medical school gives instruction in all the subjects of the final or qualifying examinations of the Universities

MEDICAL SCHOOLS.

London School of Tropical Medicine (University of London).-This school is under the auspices of his Majesty's Government, and is established in connection with the Albert Dock Hospital, a branch of the Seamen's Hospital Society. There are three sessions annually of three months each. A full curriculum is afforded for colonial medical officers, for officers in the Royal Army Medical Corps, Indian Medical Service, Navy, etc., and for private practitioners. The instruction is arranged so as to equip members of the medical profession who desire to practise in the tropics. About 150 students pass through the school annually. The Craggs Prize of £50 and the Hon. Edward John Stanley Memorial Prize of £60 are awarded annually. Women graduates are received as students. Secretary, P. J. Michelli, C.M.G.

biology are now open. The Clubs Union athletic ground is within easy reach of the hospital. The Central, Metropolitan, and other railways have stations close to the hospital and college. Warden, Munro Scott. London School of Clinical Medicine. This school is attached to the Dreadnought Hospital at Greenwich, a branch of the Seamen's Hospital Society, and is established to afford facilities for post-graduate medical education. There are 250 beds in the hospital, and every department of medicine and surgery is provided for. The laboratories are equipped with the latest modern requirements, and operative surgery forms a distinctive feature of the school work. Secretary, P. J. Michelli, C.M.G. London School of Dental Surgery, attached to the Royal Dental Hospital, 32, Leicester Square, W.C.-The approximate cost of education for the diploma in dental surgery is: 1st year, Middlesex Hospital, Berners Street, Oxford £52 108.; and year, £52 10s.; 3rd year, £88 4s.; Street, W.-The hospital is situated at the 4th year, £31 10s., including attendance at top of Berners Street within easy access of a general and a dental hospital; plus 21 the main railway stations, and about 5 minutes' examination fees. £25 for instruments, and walk from Oxford Circus. The hospital and 10 for books. The new building of the Royal medical school are fully equipped for the Dental Hospital, which was opened in 1901, is theoretical and practical teaching of all the completely fitted with modern appliances, and subjects of the medical curriculum as required the school portion of the building is thoroughly by the various examining bodies. The hos equipped for teaching purposes. The metal-pital contains 340 beds, including lying-in lurgical laboratory is capable of accommodating wards and special wards for children and for a class of 60 students. Leading from this diseases of women. There is a wing devoted laboratory is a dark room for photomicro- to cancer cases, which contains 38 beds in graphic work and a room devoted to bacterio- addition, and special research laboratories for logy. On the north side of this floor are the the investigation of that disease. The baclibrary and the histological laboratory; the teriological and chemical laboratories are relatter is equipped for a class of over 50 students. cognised by the examining bodies for instrucThe theatre has seating accommodation for tion for the public health diplomas. The 200, and possesses a projection lantern for the electrical and X-ray department affords students use of the various lecturers. In the teaching opportunity for the study of these methods in museum there is an excellent collection of the treatment of disease. There is an athletic specimens. There are a number of scholarships ground within easy reach of the hospital in open to students. Fuller particulars may be connection with the students' amalgamation obtained from the Dean. clubs. Three entrance scholarships of £100, £50, and £25, open to general competition, and one of £50, open to students of Oxford and Cambridge Universities, are offered for competition in September of each year. The Freer Lucas Scholarship, value 126, is awarded annually to students from Epsom College, and there is a scholarship value £50 awarded annually to students from New Zealand. There are also additional valuable scholarships and prizes open to students of the school amounting to over £300, and also valuable scholarships for the investigation of cancer. The composition fee for students taking the Conjoint diplomas (L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S.) is 135 guineas, and for students taking the London University degrees, 145 guineas; for the Dental diploma, 54 guineas. Dean, H. Campbell Thomson, M.D.

London (Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicine for Women, 8, Hunter Street, Brunswick Square, W.C.-Fees for University of London and Conjoint Colleges (England) students: £160 for the full course, or £170 in five instalments. Fees for other students, £140 in one sum, or £150 in four instalments. Courses are arranged for the Primary Fellowship Examination of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. The practice of the Royal Free Hospital is reserved for the students of the school, Students after qualification can hold at the Royal Free Hospital the posts of house physician, house surgeon, obstetric assistants, clinical assistants, anesthetist and assistant anææsthetists, medical and surgical registrars, medical electrician, and museum curator; and at the Medical School the posts of demonstrators in the departments of anatomy, physiology, chemistry, and museum curator. They can also hold posts at the new Hospital for Women, which is officeted entirely by medical women. The school buildings have been rebuilt in recent years, and there are well-equipped laboratories. There are residential chambers at 8, Hunter Street, with accommodation for 17 students, and the secretary can be consulted on the subject of other residences for students. There is a tennis club with a gravel court at the school, and there are hockey, boating, and other clubs. Dean, Miss Julia Cock, M.D.; Secretary and Warden, Miss L. M. Brooks.

Fees:

St. Bartholomew's, Smithfield, E.C.-Beds 750, in-patients 7915, out-patients 130,289. For students commencing their medical studies 165 guineas in one sum or four annual instalments of 45 guineas each; for students who have completed one or two years of medical study proportionately lower composition fees are payable; for University students, 80 guineas in one sum or 85 guineas by instalments. Extensive new buildings materially enhance the advantages of the hospital for medical study. The library and the chemical, physical, biological, and physiological labora tories have at their side a very large building, which includes club-rooms for the students' union, a writing-room, and luncheon and

dining halls, new quarters for the resident of practical chemistry, inorganic and organic. staff, and an out-patient department and The physics laboratory has been fitted up accommodation for special departments of such to meet the requirements of the new regulalarge size as to be unsurpassed by any hospital tions of the London University and the Conin the kingdom. A second block of new joint Board. A large and well-appointed buildings forms the pathological department, pharmaceutical laboratory is situated in the and includes large and well-equipped labora- Clarence wing of the hospital. A large laboratories for clinical pathology, pathological history class-room is provided for practical classes tology, bacteriology, and chemical pathology. in biology. The library contains about 3000 Within the precincts of the hospital there is volumes. The museum is situated in a separate a residential college for a large number of block of buildings, between the hospital and students. Ten house physicians and ten house medical school, which contains also the pathosurgeons are appointed annually. A resident logical and bacteriological laboratories. The midwifery assistant, an ophthalmic house sur- students' club comprises a refreshment-room, geon, and a house surgeon for diseases of the and a smoking and reading room. An excelthroat, nose, and ear, are appointed every six lent athletic clubs ground has recently been months, and are, provided with rooms, and re- acquired at Park Royal, Acton, and is now in ceive a salary of £80 a year. Two assistant use. Six entrance scholarships are offered for anesthetists are appointed annually, and re- competition annually in September. Secretary, ceive salaries of £120 and 100 a year respec- B. E. Matthews, B.A. tively. An extern midwifery assistant is appointed every three months, and receives a salary of £80 a year. Dean, T. W. Shore, M.D.; Warden, R. B. Etherington-Smith, M.B., B.C.,

F.R.C.S.

St. George's Hospital.-Beds 436, including 100 convalescent beds at Wimbledon. Fees, £31 10s. per annum ; entrance fee 10 guineas. As the scientific and clinical parts of the medical student's curriculum are entirely separate, there is no longer any object in conducting the scientific courses upon hospital premises. The entire teaching and laboratories are therefore now devoted to purely clinical subjects, as in other Universities, to the great advantage of students in their fourth and fifth years of study. Arrangements have been made with the University of London for students who enter during the first, second, or third year of the curriculum as students of St. George's to carry out the necessary courses of instruction at either University College or King's College. Students therefore have the unrivalled advantages of the lectures and practical classes of these colleges of the University during the preliminary and intermediate portions of their studies, and then complete their course, without payment of any entrance fee, in a school entirely devoted to clinical work. The St. George's Hospital Club, with smoking and luncheon rooms, on the hospital premises, is an amalgamation of the Hunterian Society, the "Gazette," and the Chess, Lawn Tennis, Boxing, Hockey, Rifle, and Golf Clubs. The St. George's Hospital Club contributes also to the sculapian Rugby Football and the Esculapian Cricket Club. Students have the advantage of a complete library of medical and scientific books. There are numerous scholarships, prizes, and exhibitions; two registrarships at £200 per annum; curatorships; house office open to qualified students without fee, and awarded according to merit. Dean, E. I. Spriggs, M.D.

St. Thomas', Albert Embankment, S.E.Beds 561, in-patients 7221, out-patients 20,735: attendances 232,876. Annual composition fee, 30 guineas; term 5 years. The hospital, the first to be built in accordance with modern ideas, consists of a series of blocks separate from each other, but connected by corridors open to the air on all sides. Between the blocks are grassy quadrangles, and along the whole front is a broad terrace overlooking the river and overshadowed by trees, to which both patients and students have free access. Six of the blocks are devoted to the use of patients; one other includes the treasurer's residence and the St. Thomas's Home for paying patients; one constitutes the medical school. The school buildings, isolated by a large quadrangle from the hospital, stand at its southern extremity, between the river and the gardens of Lambeth Palace. They are very commodious, and every effort has been made to provide accommodation completely fulfilling modern requirements. A number of scholarships, prizes, and salaried appointments are open to students. Secretary, G. Q. Roberts.

University College Hospital, Gower Street, W.C.-Beds 305, in-patients 3630, out-patients 52,709; attendances 141,255; fees, 80 guineas; term, 3 years. The medical school is accommodated in a new building erected for the purpose, close to the hospital and opposite University College. Although primarily intended for students who have passed the early examinations, the school is open to students who have still the whole of their medical studies before them. It possesses a large library, and has set aside for its medical society four rooms for reading and recreation. University College Hall, Ealing, provides collegiate residence for about 40 men students. Dean, Raymond Johnson, B.S., F.R.C.S.; Secretary, L. R. Thomas.

Westminster Hospital, Caxton Street, S.W.— Over 200 beds. Fees for the full medical curri St. Mary's, Paddington, W.-Beds 301, in- culum, 25 guineas per annum ; dental students, patients 4242, out-patients 26,816. Fees: Com- in one payment on entrance, 50 guineas; term, plete course, £140; clinical course, £63. 5 to 7 years. There are many appointments The department of physiology comprises a and scholarships open to students of the lecture theatre, separate laboratories for school. The library, museums, and laboraphysical physiology, chemical physiology, and histology respectively, and smaller rooms for research purposes. Thirty-one beds for inpatients have recently been opened in connection with this department. The chemical laboratory provides accommodation for 36 students, and is fitted with every requisite for the study

tories are well equipped. There are athletic, football, cricket, tennis, swimming, students' clubs.

and

By an arrangement with King's College the hospital staff is left free from the teaching of any but the final subjects. Dean, E. Rock Carling, F.R.C.S.; Secretary, W. Fryer.

HIGHER EDUCATION OF WOMEN.

The Higher Education of Women has made great advances since the Report of the Royal Commission on Secondary Schools was issued in 1868. The National Union for Improving the Education of Women, formed under the presidency of the Princess Louise, in consequence of that report, founded in '72 the Girls Public Day School Company (since Jan. 1906 called "The Girls' Public Day School Trust"), which, with the Church Day Schools Company, has raised the standard of girls' education throughout the land, and prepared the way for the Higher--that is, University and College-Education of Women.

generally resident in Cambridge, but are
bona-fide students, pursuing definite study,
over thirty years of age, unable to afford
the cost of residence in one of the halls, or in
other exceptional circumstances, and accus-
Out-students'
tomed to support themselves.
fees are about 12 per term. Application for
admission and all inquiries should be made to
the Principal, Newnham College, Cambridge.

Colleges at Oxford.

In Oxford the principal honour examinations of the University (in classics, natural science, history, mathematics, jurisprudence, theology, Oriental studies, the examinations for the degrees of B.C.L., of Bachelor and Doctor of Music, and the School of Modern Languages, and the School of English), are open to women. The second public examination (pass degree) of the University is open to women, as well as Pass Moderations. Certificates are awarded as the result of the examinations, and in the case of honours the names are entered in the University Gazette; but no degree is conferred upon women. The University, in '97, established in Oxford a professional examination for teachers, and arranged a course of training in Theory and Practice of Teaching. To these women are admitted on the same terms as men (apply to Miss A. J. Cooper, 22, St. John Street).

lent.

Somerville College, Oxford (Principal, Miss Penrose, M.A., Vice-Principal, Hon. A. M. Bruce, M.A.), founded in '79, incorporated in '81, the name changed from "Hall" to "College" in 94, has 86 students, 5 resident tutors, a There is an librarian and a domestic bursar. entrance examination, and students are also expected to before pass "Responsions" entering the college, unless they have passed one of the examinations accepted as equivaIn all cases two languages and Mathe. matics are required. Fees, inclusive of board, lodging and teaching, vary from £84 to £105 per annum, according to the rooms selected. The college is undenominational in principle. The Council confers a diploma on all students who have taken a B.A. course with Honours under the conditions required from members of the University, and a certificate on those who have resided 3 years and have taken an Honours examination. Scholarships and exhibitions are competed for annually in March or April. All scholars are expected to work for the Honours examinations of the University of Oxford. A Gilchrist Fellowship of £100 for one year is open to all women who have resided 12 terms in Oxford and have taken

Tutor, Miss Ady), founded in '86. The fees for
board, lodging, and tuition are from £70 to £95
The conditions of entrance are the
a year.
same as for admission to University Examina-
tions, and can be obtained on application to
the Principal. The Hall is intended for mem-
bers of the Church of England. Scholarships
are competed for annually in March.

St. Hilda's Hall (Principal, Miss Burrows)
is a Hall of Residence founded in '93 by the late
Miss D. Beale, LL.D., Principal of Cheltenham
Ladies' College, and enlarged in '95 and in
1999, and incorporated '98, for old Cheltonians
and others who may desire to obtain a Univer-
Forty students are now in
sity education.
residence. The Hall fees are £75 per annum.
Tuition fees depend upon course of study
selected. For particulars apply to Principal.

Arrangements for the admission of women to lectures in Oxford are under the management of the Council of the Association for the Education of Women in Oxford, consisting of representatives of the Women's Colleges and halls, and of the Society of Oxford HomeStudents, and others interested in education. A member of the Hebdomadal Council sits as a member of this Council (Secretary, Miss A. M. A. H. Rogers, Clarendon Building, Oxford). For particulars as to Home-Students application should be made to the Principal, Mrs. A. H. Johnson, 5, South Parks Road, Oxford.

་་

Colleges in and near London, The Royal Holloway College, Egham (postal address, Englefield Green), opened in '87, prepares for the London degrees in science and arts. Instruction in music, drawing, and painting is provided. The entrance examination, held in July, September and December, includes English, foreign languages, and arithmetic. Scholarships are competed for in July. All Scholars must read for Honours. Other students are under no such restriction. There are about 160 students, 17 resident women lecturers, and 12 non-resident professors and teachers. Terms, inclusive of board, lodging, and instruction, are 100 per annum. No student may enter for less than one year, or reside for more than four years, without special leave. Non-resident students must in general reside with their parents or guardians. Fee £12 a term. They must make special application for admission, and are required to pass an entrance examinaThe college is a recognised "school' tion. of the London University, and has 19 Principal, Miss Ellen C. nised teachers." Higgins. Secretary, Miss A. Martin Leake. Bedford College for Women, York Place, London, W., founded 49 (Principal, Miss Tuke, M.A.), offers scholarships, and prepares resident and non-resident students for the London degrees in arts and science. It is a "school" of the University. The final courses in Chemistry and Physiology are recognised as qualifying for the first M.B. Students may enter for separate classes, or for: (1) a University course in Arts or Science; (2) a General course; (3) a Professional Training in Teaching (Head, Miss Mary Morton, M.A.); (4) a course of Scientific Instruction in Hygiene; (5) the Art School (Mr. George Thomson). Fees for board and residence from 58 to 73 guineas per annum. fees for the London examinations from 27 guineas to 46) guineas a session. Students

First Class Honours, and a Research Fellow ship of not less than 120 for 3 years has been awarded from time to time by the College.

Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford (Principal, Miss H. Jex-Blake), was also founded in '79. It is conducted on the principles of the Church of England, with provision for the liberty of members of other religious bodies, and numbers about 65 students and a resident staff of 5. Candidates for entrance must have passed "Responsions" or an equivalent examination. Scholarships are offered each March. An extension of the Hall is in contemplation. Inclusive charges about £115 per annum.

St. Hugh's Hall, Oxford (Principal, Miss Moberly; Vice-Principal and tutor, Miss Jourdain; Librarian and Tutor, Miss Deneke;

recog

Tuition