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PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

Beaumont College, Old Windsor. Roman Catholic. Founded 1861. Number of boys, 220. Rector, Rev. Charles Galton, S.J.

Bedford Grammar School. Founded 1566; reorganised 1873. Annual income, 3500. Eight leaving exhibitions of £70 and £60 for four years. Two fall vacant annually. Exhibitions tenable in the school from £60 to £10. Pupils, 820. Boys are prepared for the Universities, for Woolwich and Sandhurst and other public examinations. The school is well equipped with laboratories for science teaching. There is an Engineering side with full provision of workshops. There are eight boarding-houses. There is an Engineer Corps. Playing field of 30 acres; boating on Ouse. Head Master, J. E. King, M.A.

Berkhamsted School, Herts. Number of pupils, 465. Five boarding-houses. Head Master, Rev. 1. C. Fry, D.D.

Birmingham, King Edward's School, comprises a high school for boys, a high school for girls, three grammar schools for boys and four grammar schools for girls. Founded 1552, reorganised 1878. In 1900, the Birmingham (King Edward VI.) Schools Act liberated the Foundation from control by the Charity Commissioners. Income, £53,000. Numerous scholarships and exhibitions both for boys and girls. The pupils number about 2800; 470 in high school for boys. Head Master, R. Cary Gilson, M.A. Motto, Domine, Salvum fac Regem.

Blundell's School, Tiverton, Devon. Founded 1604. Head Master, A. L. Francis, M.A.

Bradfield College, Berks. Warden, Edward Armstrong. Head Master, Rev. H. CostleyWhite, M.A.

Brighton College, Brighton. Founded 1847. Governed by a Council of twelve. There are two leaving scholarships of the annual value of £60, and three of £30, tenable at Oxford or Cambridge. Entrance scholarships are awarded every year, at least three of the annual value of £70 or £50, and smaller exhibitions. Pupils, 240. Head Master, Rev. W. R. Dawson, M.A.

Charterhouse School, Godalming. Founded 1611, and until 1872 situated near Smithfield, London, on ground that once belonged to the Carthusian Monastery. One of the nine great public schools of the Public Schools Commission. Sixty scholarships are tenable in the school, about 30 Senior and 30 Junior. There are ten or more vacancies of each annually. Twenty or more exhibitions to the Universities, each of the annual value of £80, tenable for four years. Pupils, 580. Head Master, Rev. G. H. Rendall, M.A., Litt.D., LL.D., B.D. Motto,

Deo dante dedi.

Cheltenham College, Gloucestershire, Founded 1841. Incorporated '94; governed by a President and twenty members of Council. There are three sides in the Senior Department-the Classical, the Military and Civil (Head Master, W. M. Baker, M.A.), and the Modern. There is a Junior Department. Numerous scholarships are attached to the College. Pupils, 600. Principal, the Rev. Canon R. Waterfield, M.A. Bursar, A. A. Hunter.

Oxford; (2) the Girls' School, Hertford, with accommodation for 280 girls. Head Mistress, Miss M. E. Robertson, Newnham College, Cambridge. With relation to two-thirds of the scholars at the Hospital schools, fees ranging from £10 to £20 may be charged if the Council of Almoners consider "that the parents or next friends are in a position to contribute substantially towards the child's education and maintenance." Entrance to the Hospital schools is gained by presentation or by competition. Presentation to about 425 places lies in the hands of the President, certain City companies, and donation governors; and 85 scholars (sons of Naval Officers, of persons distinguished in Literature, Science, Art, or in the service of the Crown, etc.), may be presented by the Council of Almoners (which numbers 43 members). The Council have the right of presentation to 16 places in the Girls' School for orphan daughters of officers, civil servants, etc. There is Competition for about 100 scholars, nominated by donation governors. From Metropolitan schools of a public elementary nature come 179 successful competitors; various parishes supply 108 scholars; and the residue of the places are at the disposal of boys and girls nominated by the governors of endowed schools at which they have attended for the period of two years. There are numerous exhibitions and prizes. Hospital exhibition funds for both boys and girls provide exhibitions to universities, including the Times scholarship, and the "Pitt Club" exhibition. At the end of 1910 the Boys' Schools (including Preparatory) numbered 820 and the Girls' School 254. Clerk, R. L. Franks. Office, 60, Aldersgate Street.

City of London School, Victoria Embankment, E.C. Established by the Corporation of London in 1834. Tenable at the Universities or other places of higher education are 26 scholarships varying from £100 to £20; and about 50 others tenable at the school. Pupils admitted between the ages of 7 and 15. Head Master, Rev. Arthur Chilton, D.D. Secretary, Mr. A. J. Austin.

Clifton College, Bristol. Opened 1862, received charter 77. It is under a Council of fifteen, the Earl of Ducie being President, and the Bishop of Hereford Chairman of the Council, and consists of Classical, Modern and Military sides, and Junior and Preparatory Schools. Three exhibitions, of £25, which may be increased to £50 a year, tenable at the Universities, and at least eleven scholarships, varying in value from £25 to £100 a year, tenable at the College, offered annually. Pupils, 650. Head Master, J. E. King, M.A. Secretary, W. D. L. Macpherson. Motto, Spiritus intus alit.

Dulwich College (part of the foundation of Alleyn's "College of God's Gift" at Dulwich) was founded A.D. 1619, by Edward Alleyn, the Actor, under Letters Patent of King James I. Reconstituted '58, and removed to new site and new building '70. Pupils, 680. No boy may enter the school before the age of 1o, or remain after the age of 19. Endowment about £5000 per annum. L1000 may be annually allotted among "boys proceeding to a place of higher education," and £500 also may be paid annu ally in scholarships to boys either already in the school or about to enter it. Such scholarships are awarded as the result of open ex

Christ's Hospital. Founded 1552. The Hospital schools are: (1) the Boys' School, West Horsham, with accommodation fer 820 boys, including Preparatory School. Head Master, Rev. A. W. Upcott, D.D., Exeter College,

amination. Master, A. H. Gilkes, M.A.; School Secretary, Gilbert B. Stretton, M.A. Motto, Detur Gloria soli Deo.

Epsom College. Established in 1855 as a Public School with a Royal Medical Foundation. School accommodation for about 250 boys; and Preparatory for 100 boys under fifteen. Nine medical scholarships at the Hospital Schools in London, and 20 other scholarships to the Universities, etc. The foundation provides for 50 foundation scholars and 50 pensioners. Additional buildings and laboratories have been recently added. Head Master, Rev. T. N. H. Smith-Pearse, M.A.; Secretary, J. Rernard Lamb, 37, Soho Square, W. Bursar, W. S. Crossley; 15 assistant masters.

Eton College. Founded 1440. Endowment exceeds £20,000 per annum. Pupils consist of King's scholars or "Collegers" (of whom there are 70, and who enter college after competitive examination between twelve and fourteen years of age), and of Oppidans, who enter between ten and fourteen years of age. Exhibitions and scholarships to both Universities, ranging from £60 for four years downwards. Motto, Floreat Etona. Head Master, Kev. the Hon. Edward Lyttelton, M.A. A mission is supported by past and present Etonians at Hackney Wick. Consult the College Calendar. Felsted School. Founded in 1564. Classical, Modern, Engineering, and Army sides. Scholar ships £70, £30, and £20; leaving Exhibitions £60 and £50. It has about 250 pupils. Head Master, Rev. Frank Stephenson, M.A. Bursar, E. B. Trow, LL.D., M.Å., B.C.L.

Fettes College, Edinburgh. Founded in 1870.
Has about 230 scholars. Head Master, Rev.
W. A. Heard, LL.D., F.R.S.L.
Glenalmond. Founded with the name
Trinity College, Glenalmond, in 1841. It stands
on the river Almond, in the Grampians, near
Perth. Pupils about 140. Warden, Rev. Canon
A. R. F. Hyslop, M.A.

Haileybury College, Hertford. Founded 1862, received Royal Charter '64. Entrance scholarships, about twenty in number, competed for annually in November. Special fees for sons of clergy. Exhibitions to Oxford and Cambridge five annually (£60, £50, £50, £40, and £20). Pupils, 500. Head Master, Rev. St. J. B. Wynne Willson, M.A.

and incorporated '78. The founders were chiefly members of the Methodist Church, but it draws pupils and masters from the Anglican and other Protestant Churches. It has four houses ("hostels") containing about 45 boys each, a chapel, laboratories, art school, tepid swimming bath, gymnasium, and ample playing-fields. Boys may be received from 10 (more usually 13) years of age upwards. Fees 105 guineas, subject to rebate in certain cases. Entrance exhibitions or scholarships, varying in value from £15 to 60 (occasionally more) per annum, are offered for competition at the end of each term. A mission is supported by the old students in London. Motto, "In fide fiducia." Head Master, Rev. W. T. A. Barber, D.D. Bursar, J. C. Isard, M.A.

now con

Loretto School, Musselburgh, tains about 145 boys. The Head Master is A. R. Smith, M.A.

Manchester

Malvern College, Worcestershire. Founded 1865. Exhibitions at the Universities, one of £40 for three years, offered annually, and one of £27 for one year; also two of £40 for three years, tenable at B.N.C., Oxford. Entrance scholarships annually filled, one or more of £87, four or more of £50, six or more of £30. Pupils, 500. Head Master, Rev. Sydney R. James, M.A. Secretary, E. B. Scallon, M.Ă. Grammar School. Founded in 1515 by Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter, and others. The school consists of 200 foundationers (free) and about 690 capitation scholars. Close scholarships at Wadham and Brasenose College, Oxford, and St. John's College, Cambridge, range in annual value from £50 to £80. There are 24 scholarships for classics, mathematics or physical science, tenable at the Universities, ranging in value from £17 to £50 each per annum; also 32 scholarships, tenable at the school, ranging in value from £14 to £25 each per annum, together with numerous prizes. High Master, J. L. Paton, M.A., late Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge; Receiver, Owen W. Cox. Motto, Sapere aude,

Marlborough College, Wiltshire. Founded 1843, incorporated by royal charter 45, received additional charter 53. Exhibitions to Universities, one each of £50, £40, and £30 for three years, offered annually, and every three years the "Old Marlburian," £50, the Council Exhibition £30, and Leaf Exhibition £22 108. fall vacant alternately. Also a Modern School Exhibitions of £25 and 20 each, offered annually. Scholarships filled annually: 15 or 16 Foundation," for sons of clergy, £30; 4 "Senior," £30; 6 "Junior," 30; 1 or a "House," £80, all open; Minor Scholarships for Modern Languages, etc. Pupils, 620. Master, Frank Fletcher, M.A.

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Harrow School. Founded 1571, by John Lyon, a yeoman, b. at Preston, near Harrow. Age of admission from 12 to 14. Ten or eleven entrance scholarships, of the value of £100, £80, 60, and £35 a year, are offered every Easter to boys (not members of the school) over 12 and under 14 years of age on the previous 1st of January. The governors can, at their discretion, add £20 a year to any scholarship, if the circumstances of the Merchant Taylors' School, London. Founded scholar appear to make it desirable. To (1561) by Sir Thomas White (founder of St. one of these scholarships, and to one only, John's College, Oxford), and the court of the is added, at intervals, the Edward Stanhope Merchant Taylors' Company. The Company Scholarship of £50. The Bowen Scholarship of is the governing body of the school, which £120 a year is given for proficiency in mathe- has always continued a day school. Forty-two matics, French, history, geography, literature, scholarships at the school, and scholarships of and Latin. In years when it is not vacant a £86 and 100 for five and seven years, to St. scholarship of less value is offered on the John's College, Oxford; others, ranging from same terms. There are numerous Scholar-90, to Cambridge. Pupils 500; on entrance ships, from 100 downwards, to the Univer- must be over 9 and under 14. sities. Pupils, nearly 600. Motto, Stet fortuna Rev. J. Arbuthnot Nairn, Litt.D., Sec., E. P. Hart, M.A. Motto, Homo plantat, homo irrigat, sed Deus dat incrementum.

domus.

Lancing College, Sussex. Founded 1848. Pupils, 220. Head Master, Rev. H. T. Bowlby. The Leys School, Cambridge. Founded in 1875,

Head Master,

B.D.

Mill Hill School (London, N.W.). Founded 1807 as Protestant Dissenters' Grammar School,

PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

reconstituted under direction of the Court of Chancery '69 on a broader basis. Awards the three "Wills" Scholarships of £70 each, the "Bousfield" of £60, the "Hislop" of £50, the "Scrutton" of about £30, and four other leaving scholarships each tenable for three years. Also several Ministerial Exhibitions (about 60 a year) and Entrance Scholarships (£30 to £90): Number of boys, 260. Motto, Et virtutem, et musas. The "Old Mill-Hillians Club" numbers over 900 members. Head Master, J. D. McClure, M.A., LL.D., D.Mus.

Radley College, Abingdon, Berks. Founded 1847. Has about 250 scholars. Warden, Rev. T. Field, D.D.

Repton School, Derbyshire. Founded 1557; reorganised 1874. Pupils, 359; 28 assistant masters. Head Master, Rev. W. Temple, M.A. Rossall School, Fleetwood, Lancashire. Founded 1844. Royal Charter granted Nov. '90. Two Exhibitions, one of £50 and one of £30 at Oxford or Cambridge, each for three years, offered every year; and the Phillips memorial exhibition for mathematics, of £40 for one year at Oxford or Cambridge. Besides this there are about 12 Scholarships and Exhibitions tenable at the school, offered each year by examination held in March-Foundation, Senior and Junior. Head Master, Rev. E. J. W. Houghton, D.D.

Rugby School. Founded by Lawrence Sheriff, a native of Rugby (1567), and originally entrusted to two trustees, in place of which twelve gentlemen of Warwickshire were appointed by Commissioners under the Great Seal in 1602. The boys are divided into foundationers and nonfoundationers. Has, every July, 10 or 12 entrance and other scholarships of £100 to £20, and 8 leaving exhibitions tenable at the Universities for 4 years, 3 of £60 and 5 of £30 annual value. Pupils, 570; admission at the age of 12. Head Master, Rev. A. A. David, D.D. Motto, Orando laborando. There are two Home Missions, in London and Birmingham, in addition to the Fox Memorial Mastership in India, in connection with the School. Consult Rugby School Register.

St. Paul's School, London. Founded 1509 by John Colet, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The school consists of 153 foundation scholars, elected by competitive examination, and of so many capitation scholars as the governors may from time to time decide. The capitation scholars pay a tuition fee of £24 95. a year. The foundation scholars are exempt from fees. Pupils 580. The governors give annually 9 exhibitions for 4 years, varying in value from £70 to £30, to the scholars proceeding to Oxford and Cambridge, and one exhibition of £50 for two years for a boy proceeding to the Royal Academy, Woolwich. Motto, Fide et literis. High Master, Rev. A. E. Hillard, D.D.

ward VI. in 1551, augmented by Queen Elizabeth in 1571. One of the seven schools reorganised by the Public Schools Act in '68. The school was moved to a new site (of 58 acres) in '82. Since then its numbers have increased from 170 to 315. Head Master, Rev. Cyril A. Alington. Stonyhurst College, near Blackburn. Directed by the Jesuit Fathers. First founded in 1592 at St. Omers in Flanders; transferred to Stonyhurst in 1794. Rector, the Rev. W. Bodkin, S.J. The Observatory attached to the College turns out excellent solar and other work. Preparatory school for 60 boys.

Tonbridge School was founded 1553, and was reorganised 1880. Governors: Master, Warden, and Court of the Company of Skinners. Entrance Scholarships in June-100, £80, £40, £30. Leaving exhibitions of £75 for four years, of which 4 fall vacant annually, are tenable at any place of higher education that the Governors approve of; four others of £30 a year for four years, one vacant each year, are tenable only at Oxford or Cambridge. Pupils, 446. Head Master, C. Lowry.

University College School, Frognal, Hampstead, established 1830. Pupils, 500. Motto, Paulatim. Head Master, H. J. Spenser, M.A., LL.D. Registrar, Arthur C. Hull.

Uppingham School. Archdeacon Johnson's School, founded 1584; reorganised 1875. Three leaving exhibitions of £60, £50 and £40 offered every year, and 14 of about 22 each at Cambridge. Entrance scholarships, two of £70, two of £50, two of £30 annually. There are 440 boys in the School and 32 masters, and 6 assistant music masters. There is also a Lower School. Head Master, Rev. H. W. McKenzie..

Wellington College (Berks) was incorporated by Royal Charter, Dec. 13th, 1853. The foundation consists of ninety nominations for the sons of deceased army officers, who are boarded and educated at an annual charge of £10. There are, as a rule, seven open scholarships annually, and a limited number of army officers' sons are educated at £99 a year. There is a classical school, in which boys are prepared for the Universities, etc., and a modern side where boys are educated for the army, etc. Average number of pupils, 499. Motto, "Heroum filii.” Chairman of Governors, H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught, K.G. Master, W. W. Vaughan, M.A. Bursar, P. Sherston.

Westminster School, or the Royal College of St. Peter's, Westminster. Refounded 1560, reorganised 1868. Foundationers, 60; about 12 annual vacancies. The Westminster Play, an annual representation of a Latin comedy by the scholars, is of some celebrity. There are a number of close scholarships and exhibitions to Christ Church, Oxford, and of exhibitions to Trinity College, Cambridge. Head Master, Rev. James Gow, M.A., Litt.D. Motto, Dat Deus incrementum. Bursar, J. Tyson, B.A.

Sherborne School, Dorsetshire. Refounded by Edward VI. (the earliest school founded by that monarch), 1550, reorganised 1870. Accom modation for 280 pupils. An Exhibition to either Univ. of £40 for four years falls vacant every year; another of £30 is vacant every four years; pupils may also compete for Huish Exhibitions of 50 for four years; this privilege is allowed to three other public schools only. There are also numerous Foundation, House, and other Scholarships and Prizes. Head Master, Nowell Charles Smith. Clerk to Governors, S. Bennett. Motto (royal arms of Ed. VI.), Honi soit qui mal y pense. Shrewsbury School. Founded by King Ed-❘ man.

Winchester College, the oldest of the public schools, was founded (1387) by William of Wykeham, and opened March 26th, 1393. About a dozen vacancies yearly occur for foundationers, who are elected by the governors after open competition. His Majesty gives two gold and two silver medals to be competed for. Tenable at the Universities are four exhibitions of £50 for four years, and at New College, Oxford, six scholarships. Head Master, Rev. H. M. Burge, D.D. Motto, Manners makyth

Birkbeck College, Breams Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C., was founded by the late Dr. Birkbeck, Dec. 2nd, 1823. The present buildings were opened in '85. The College is in close relationship with the University of London. The Day and Evening Courses of Study prepare for the examinations of the University of London in the Faculties of Arts, Science, Economics, and Laws. There are well-equipped Physical, Chemical, Biological, Botanical, and Metallurgical Laboratories. Principal, G. Armitage-Smith, D.Lit., M.A.; Secretary and Clerk to the Governing Body, H. Wells Eames.

City of London College. Day and evening classes are held in the various branches of science, literature, art, and commerce, and modern and commercial day schools have been established. There are chemical and physical laboratories and art studios. Principal, Sidney Humphries, B.A., LL.B.; Secretary, David Savage, F.C.I.S.

Gilchrist Educational Trust. A fund left by the late Dr. John Borthwick Gilchrist (17591841) to trustees, "for the benefit, advancement, and propagation of education and learning in every part of the world, as far as circunistances will permit." The income is applied to the support of scholarships and studentships for young men and women, in connection with various universities and colleges; in occasional grants to Educational Institutions under special circumstances; and to the delivery of high-class lectures for the people, at a nominal charge for admission. Secretary, R. D. Roberts, M.A., D.Sc. Office, 1, Plowden Buildings, Temple, E.C. King's College, London. Established by royal charter Aug. 14th, 1829, opened '31; charter annulled by Act of Parliament May 19th, '82, and College re-incorporated for the purpose of "giving instruction in literature, science, and the doctrines and duties of Christianity as the same are inculcated by the Church of, England." By the Amending Act 1993 all religious tests as qualification for office in the College or on the Council were removed, except in the case of Professors and Lecturers in the faculty of Theology. By the King's College, London (Transfer) Act, 1908, important changes were made. The College (apart from the Theological Faculty, which remains under the Council), was incorporated with the University. This took place on Jan. 1st, 1910. The Hospital and Advanced Medical School were entirely separated from the College on Sept. 1st, 1909. The Women's Department at South Kensington became a separate college, under the name of King's College for Women. The Strand School and Civil Service Department will be removed as soon as possible to the College buildings. The work of the College is carried on in six faculties-theology, arts, law, science, science (medical), and engineering. There are evening classes in most subjects. The College prepares for the degrees of the University of London. At King's College for Women there are courses in theology, arts, science, home science, and fine arts. The Civil Service Depart ment and the Strand School prepare for the excise, customs, post office, the navy, and other examinations, and for commercial life. During the academical year there were 190 students in theology, 804 in arts and laws (126 matriculated), 894 in science and engineering (360 matriculated), 196 in medicine (67

matriculated), also 408 women. In addition to the above 2492 students, 1200 attended the lectures on Banking, 1220 were in the Civil Service classes, 307 boys attended the school at Wimbledon Common, and 603 the Strand School: total under education, 5422. The whole College is under the supervision of the Principal, Rev. Dr. Arthur C. Headlam.

The City and Guilds of London Institute was established in 1878 by the Corporation and Livery Companies of the City of London to promote the applications of science and art to productive industry, and received the grant of a Royal Charter from H.M. the late Queen Victoria. The Institute consists of Members elected by the contributing bodies in proportion to their subscriptions, a Council, and an Executive Committee. Visitor, H.M. the King; Chairman of Council, Lord Halsbury; Chairman of the Executive Committee, Sir John Wolfe Barry, K.C.B.; Treasurer, George Baker; Hon. Sec.. Sir John Watney; Assist. Sec., A. L. Soper. Head Office, Gresham College, E.C. The total income amounts to about £46,000 a year. The operations of the Institute are divided under the following heads:

(1) The City and Guilds' Central Technical College. See IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE. (2) The City and Guilds' Technical College, Finsbury, is an intermediate college, with which have been incorporated the provisional classes started in the Cowper Street Schools in '79, and the City School of Art. The college includes day classes and evening classes. It fulfils the functions of a finishing technical school for those entering industrial life at a compara tively early age; of a supplementary school for those who are already engaged in workshops; and of a preparatory school for the City and Guilds' Central Technical College. It was opened in '83; the building and equipment has cost about £70,000.

(3) The South London School of Technical Art, Kennington Park Road, provides instruction in modelling, drawing and painting from the life, and house decoration,

(4) The Department of Technology, the object of which is to encourage the formation of technical classes throughout the country, and, by the publication of carefully prepared syllabuses for the guidance of the committees and teachers of these classes, by annual examinations, and also by an organised system of inspection, to place the teaching on a sound educational basis. The examinations are held during the month of May in over sixty different subjects.

(5) The Leather Trades' School, in Bethnal Green Road, provides both day and evening classes for apprentices and others engaged in boot and shoe manufacture, conducted by a joint committee of the Institute, the Leathersellers' and Cordwainers' Companies, and the Boot and Shoe Manufacturers' Association.

Manchester College, founded in Manchester 1786, now at Oxford, "exists for the purpose of promoting the study of Philosophy, Theology, and Religion, without insisting upon the adoption of particular doctrines." No subscription or doctrinal statement is required either of trustees, professors, or students. Exhibitions and free admission to lectures and classes are given to students for the ministry, without restriction as to the sect in which they

ETHICAL SOCIETIES.

will minister. The lectures are open to all members of Oxford University without payment of fees. The new buildings at Oxford, which have cost £55,000 in all, were opened by the President, Mr. H. R. Greg, in Oct. 93. Principal, Rev. J. Estlin Carpenter, M.A.. D.Litt. (Oxon.), D.D. (Glasgow), D.Theol. (Jena and Geneva).

Economics and Political Science, The London School of, was established in 1895 to provide special courses of training suited to the needs of business men, civil and municipal servants, journalists, etc.; it also makes provision, in connection with the British Library of Political Science, for research in economics and political science, by the provision of courses of lectures on methods of investigation, and by the award of studentships varying in value from £25 to £200. The School prepares students for the degrees of B.Sc. and D.Sc. London. Full particulars may be obtained on application to the Secretary of the School, Clare Market, W.C. Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examination Board. Seos., E. J. Gross, M.A., Caius College, Cambridge; P. E. Matheson, M.A., 74, High Street, Oxford.

Polytechnic, Regent Street. With the view of further developing the movement on behalf of young men to whom the late Mr. Quintin Hogg had shown such generosity, he purchased in 1882 the old Polytechnic, in Regent Street, for £50,000, and converted it into a great technical and recreative school. The curriculum embraces over 600 classes weekly in upwards of 100 different subjects, including carpentering, plumbing, metal-work, engineering, photography, furniture, decorative art, electricity, etc. A Young Women's Institute has also been founded in premises adjoining the Polytechnic, and is as successful as the latter. The main portion of the Regent Street premises is now being rebuilt at a cost of about £80,000. The educational and social work is, however, being carried on much as usual. Mr. J. E. K. Studd is President, Mr. R. Mitchell Director of Education, and the Secretary is Mr. Leonard H. Harris. Continental tours are also a feature of the Institute, over 15,000 persons making use of them every year. They include

cruises to Norway, visits to the Polytechnic chalets in Switzerland, where a considerable freehold has been purchased, and trips all over the Continent, Baltic, Holy Land, Egypt, etc. Preceptors, College of. Established 1846, incorporated by royal charter, '49. Under the powers conferred by the charter, the Council have established schemes of examination (1) For teachers; (2) for pupils. The diplomas granted by the College to teachers are of three grades-Associate, Licentiate, and Fellow. Visiting examiners are appointed by the College for the inspection and examination of public and private schools. In '73 the Council of the College instituted a Professorship (the first established in this country) of the Science and Art of Education; and regular courses of lectures for teachers are delivered in the College lecturehall. Offices, Bloomsbury Square. Organ, Educational Times. Secretary, C. R. Hodgson, B.A. Ruskin College, Oxford (Incorporated). Founded in 1899 in St. Giles'. The College, which is situated at the corner of Worcester Place and Walton Street, is intended for working men who are desirous of taking part in public and social work, and the subjects taught bear principally upon social and industrial questions - viz., political economy, industrial history, history of social movements, citizenship, local government, sociology, and logic. The work is carried on in two ways-(1) by residence at the College, and (2) by means of a Correspondence School, which enables those who cannot leave their work to learn the same subjects through the post. The fees for residence at Ruskin College are £52 per annum, including board, lodging, and tuition. The fees for membership of the Correspondence School are Is. entrance fee and is. per month. The College is under the control of a Council of representatives elected from the Parliamentary Committee of the Trade Union Congress, the Management Committee of the General Federation of Trade Unions, the Co-operative Union, the Working Men's Club and Institute Union, Trade Unions, etc. Principal, Gilbert Slater, M.A. (Cambridge), D.Sc. (London); Vice-Principal and Secretary, Henry Allsopp, B.A. Oxon.).

ETHICAL SOCIETIES.

Ethical Societies are associations for promoting ethical culture. Their objects are: (a) by purely natural and human means to help men to love, know, and do the right; (b) to emphasise the moral factor in all personal, social, political, national, and international relations; (c) to affirm that moral ideas and the moral life are independent of beliefs as to the ultimate nature of things and as to a life after death; (d) to assist in developing the science of ethics. The ethical movement in America was initiated by Dr. Felix Adler of New York. An International Committee exists.

The following Societies are established in London: South Place Ethical Society, South Place Chapel, Finsbury, E.C.; West London Ethical Society, which meets at the Ethical Church, 46, Queen's Road, Bayswater, W. Chairman, Dr. Stanton Coit.; South London Ethical Society, Surrey Masonic Hall, Camberwell, S.E.; Free Sunday Lectures October to June inclusive, 7 p.m.; St. Pancras Ethical Society Spencer Hall, Dartmouth Park Hill, N.W. Clubs for young men and women in con

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nection with the above, meet on Wednesday and Tuesday evenings respectively, when Lectures and Discussions are held on Religious, Political, Scientific, and Literary subjects. Hampstead Ethical Institute, Hampstead Conservatoire, Swiss Cottage; Emerson Ethical Brotherhood, Earlham Hall, Earlham Grove, Forest Gate, E.; Harringay Ethical Society, Fairfax Hall, Harringay, N.; Greenwich Ethical Society, Ethical Hall, Greenwich Road, S.E.; Fulham Ethical Society, Fulham Palace Road, Council School; Holloway Ethical Society Grovedale Hall, Upper Holloway, N.

There are also Societies at Belfast (York Street Lecture Hall, Hon. Sec., Mr. J. H. Gilliland, 40, St. Ives Gardens, Stranmilles Road, Belfast), Hanley (Temperance Hall, Hanley), Merthyr, S. Wales (Hon. Sec., Mr. P. Phillips, Grove Cottage, Gwaclodygarth, Merthyr), Manchester (207, Deansgate).

Many of the above societies are federated into a Union of Ethical Societies. Central Office, 19, Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C.; Secretary, H. Snell.

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