1902. IMPERIAL RESEARCH. National Physical Laboratory. Director, R. T. Glazebrook, C.B, D.Sc., M.A., F.R.S. Address, Teddington, Middlesex. Opened in Under the ultimate control of the Royal Society, the Laboratory is managed by an Executive Committee and a General Board. The Government provides £7000 a year towards the working expenses, and an additional sum of about £1000 a year is received in subscriptions from various institutions and individuals. The Laboratory also derives an income of about £12,000 from standardising fees. In addition a Government grant is received to cover the expenses of the Aeronautics work. The Laboratory is now organised under four Departments, and in each the work consists of research into matters of scientific and commercial importance, maintenance of standards, and the testing of instruments and materials. The results of research work are published in the "Collected Researches of the National Physical Laboratory." (1) The Observatory Department at Richmond, Surrey, previously known as Kew Observatory, possesses a valuable collection of verifying apparatus and standard instruments, and carries on observational work in terrestrial magnetism, atmospheric electricity and meteorology. It is the central station of the Meteorological Office for selfrecording observations; and serves as a school where intending observers can be practically trained. From July 1st, 1910, the Meteorological work at the Observatory Department passed under the control of the Director of the Meteorological Office. A large number of thermometers, barometers, magnetic instruments, and a variety of other forms of apparatus, are tested annually, suitable fees being charged to defray the cost of the examination. Superintendent, Charles Chree, Sc.D., F.R.S. (2) The Physics Department comprises Divisions for Thermometry, General Electrical Measurements, Maintenance of Electrical Standards, Electrotechnics and Photometry, Optics, Measurements of Length and Standardisation of Glass Vessels and Weights (Metrology). Tide predictions are also undertaken. Superintendent, The Director. (3) The Engineering Department is fully equipped for the investigation of the behaviour of materials under repeated and alternating stresses, re peated impact, etc., as well as for general engineering and mechanical tests. An aeronautics section is included in the department. Superintendent, T. E. Stanton, D.Sc. (4) The Metallurgy Department carries out researches as to the constitution of metals and alloys, as well as investigations, in conjunction with the Engineering Department, into the causes of failures occurring in engineering practice. Superintendent, W. Rosenhain, B.A., B.C.E., D.Sc. (5) National Experimental Tank, for experiments on models of ships. The equip ment of this tank is not yet fully completed, but it will be ready for experimental work at an early date, when tests of ship models can be undertaken. Superintendent, G. S. Baker, Purey-Cust, R.N., Hydrographer to the Navy; Capt. J. M. Harvey, of the Marine Department, Board of Trade; Mr. T. H. Middleton, M.A. M.Sc., of the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries; Mr. G. L. Barstow, of the Treasury, and Sir G. H. Darwin, K.C.B., F.R.S., and Prof. A. Schuster, F.R.S., nominated by the Royal Society. The members of the Committee hold office for five years, and are eligible for reappointment. Except the Director, who receives 1000 per annum, the members do not receive remuneration for their services. The office is charged with the duty of collecting meteorological reports by telegraph from stations in the British Isles and their immediate neighbourhood, including wireless messages from ships of H.M. Navy, and from liners, with a view to the issue of storm warnings and forecasts of weather; of collecting for public use statistics about the weather from land stations in the British Isles and elsewhere, as well as from ships of the Royal Navy and the Mercantile Marine; and of promoting the practical applications of the science of meteorology by special researches. The Kew Observatory at Richmond, and the Observatory at Eskdalemuir, Dumfries, formerly under the National Physical Laboratory, are now administered by the Meteorological Office. Daily Weather Reports, including forecasts of the weather for the next 24 hours, are issued, and can be had on payment of a subscrip tion of £1 per annum, or £2 if delivered to the subscribers by hand. Information by telegraph as to the weather in various parts of the United Kingdom or the Continent, and forecasts for one day in advance, can be supplied by the office. Harvest Forecasts are issued daily at 2.30 p.m. from June 1st to Sept. 30th, and can be sent by telegraph on prepayment of the cost of the telegrams. The Storm Warnings are notified by the hoisting at the station warned of a black canvas cone, or three lanterns on a triangular frame. There are also issued Weekly Weather Reports, published on Thursdays, giving, for the week ended the previous Saturday, a summary of temperature, rainfall, and duration of bright sunshine in the United Kingdom, for agricultural and sanitary purposes; Monthly Weather Reports, giving the results from about 210 stations in the British Isles, together with a rainfall map based on data from 500 stations; and other publications. The report for the year ended March 31st, 1910, showed that 58 per cent. of the daily forecasts during the year were a complete success, 33 per cent. a partial success, 6 per cent. a partial failure, and only 3 per cent, a complete failure. The Office is in the Exhibition Road, South Kensington, S. W., and is open for general inquiries from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. on weekdays (Saturdays 1 p.m.), and for telegraphic inquiries from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. on weekdays, and 6 to 8 p.m. on Sundays. I Imperial College of Science and Technology (comprising the Royal College of Science, the Royal School of Mines, and the City and Guilds College). Established by Royal Charter on July 8th, 1907, to give the highest specialised instruction and to provide the fullest equipment for the most advanced training and research in various branches of science, The Meteorological Office was established in 1854, and is under the management of a Committee, appointed by the Treasury, constituted as follows:-Director, Mr. W. N. Shaw, LL.D., Sc.D., F.R.S.; Rear-Admiral H. E. It A especially in its application to industry. The Astronomer Royal is Mr. Frank Watson Dyson, Imperial College is administered by a governing F.R.S. The meridian observations of sun, moon, body of forty-one, representative of the highest planets and stars, which constitute the funda scientific and technological work of the coun- mental work, are made with a fine transit-circle try. Chairman, the Earl of Crewe; Rector, Sir of 8 inches aperture. An altazimuth on a new Alfred Keogh, K.C.B., LL.D.; Secretary, Alex- principle with telescope of 8 inches aperture ander Gow, M.A., B.Sc. The Oity and Guilds has been constructed to supplement the obCollege is at present administered by a Manage-servations with the transit circle. The largest ment Committee of the City and Guilds of instrument is a 28-inch refractor, Another fine London Institute, but negotiations are in pro-instrument is the astrographic equatorial gress for the future government of that College designed for work in connection with the by a delegacy. An Order in Council of July "Photographic Chart of the Heavens." 19th last approved the necessary alteration of consists of two telescope tubes rigidly conthe Imperial College Charter. While continuing nected and parallel, one carrying a 10-inch the Associateship courses previously given in telescope lens, the other a 13-inch photographic the three institutions now forming integral lens by which the star images are imprinted parts of the Imperial College, namely, the on the photographic plate. The Greenwich Royal College of Science, the Royal School of section of this important work was completed Mines, and the City and Guilds College, at the end of 1909. The Thompson equatorial, arrangements have been made for the award of presented to the Observatory by the late an Imperial College Diploma. To qualify for Sir Henry Thompson, has on one side of this, two years' study in advanced science or the declination axis a telescope with a lens technology must be undertaken, either in the corrected for photographic rays of 26 inches Imperial College or tin an associated institution. aperture, and on the other side a telescope A large number of special advanced courses with a mirror of 30 inches diameter. of a post-graduate character have been com- photographic spectroscope is mounted on the menced, including more particularly Railway reflector. Photographs of comets, minor Engineering, Aeronautics, and subjects con- planets, and the faint satellites of Jupiter, nected with the economic applications of Botany Saturn and Neptune are regularly taken with and Zoology, Chemical Technology, Engineer the reflector. There are several smaller reing Geology, etc. Large buildings are in course fractors used for observing comets, occultations of erection at South Kensington for the more of stars by the moon, Jupiter's satellites, etc. adequate accommodation of this advanced Photographs of the sun are taken on every work. Students satisfactorily completing the available day, and after being measured are approved courses of study may obtain the carefully stored for reference, giving a daily following additional Diplomas: (a) the Associ- record of sunspots for the last 35 years. ateship of the Royal College of Science in Magnetic and meteorological observations, Mechanics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, or made continuously, form an important branch Geology (three years' course); (b) the Associ- of the work. The chronometers used in the ateship of the Royal School of Mines in Mining Navy are purchased after "trial " at the or Metallurgy (four years' course); (c) the Observatory. The average number being Associateship of the City and Guilds of London tested daily is about 600. Hourly and daily Institute in Civil, Mechanical, Electrical Engi- time-signals are sent out from the Observatory neering, or Chemistry (three years' course). through the Post Office telegraphs, giving Occasional students in one or more branches of Greenwich time to all parts of the country. science may be admitted, provided they possess Persons desirous of visiting the Observatory the necessary preliminary knowledge of the must satisfy the Astronomer Royal that they proposed course of study, and so far as there have some definite useful purpose in view, or is room. The fees of students entering for the have some scientific or official claim to the Associateship Course approximate to £36 a year. privilege. Secretary, H. Outhwaite. Office A certain number of Royal Exhibitions and Free hours 9 to 4.30. Studentships tenable at the College are awarded by competition at the Science Examinations of the Board of Education. Particulars respecting these will be found in the regulations issued by the Board of Education. All communications respecting admission to or the work of the Imperial College should be addressed to the Secretary. Offices, Imperial Institute Road, South Kensington. For further particulars concerning the work of the City and Guilds College, which forms the Engineering Department of the Imperial College, see P. 536. Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, was built by an association of scientists who founded in 1811 the Astronomical Institution of Edinburgh. In 1834 the Observatory was made over to the Crown, and the first Astronomer Royal for Scotland was appointed in the person of Thomas Henderson. In '89 the whole equipment of Lord Crawford's Observatory at Dunecht, Aberdeenshire, became the property of the Crown by the gift of the owner, and was added to the existing Royal Observatory, larger buildings and a new site at Blackford Hill being provided by H.M. Government. The new Observatory was formally opened in '96. It consists of a T-shaped building, the principal portion of which, running east and west, is surmounted at each end by a copper dome, the larger of which, at the east end, covers a 15-inch equatorial refractor. The smaller one covers Newtonian, with a mirror of 24 inches aperture. The meridian house farther west in the same line is provided with a transit circle having a telescope of 84 inches aperture. To the south of the main buildings of the Observatory is the library, containing the whole of the valuable Royal Observatory, Greenwich. The great increase in British maritime trade in the seventeenth century rendered the determination of longitude at sea a pressing necessity. The subject was brought to the notice of King Charles II., who, on understanding that the first requisite was a more accurate knowledge of the positions of the moon and principal stars, founded the Royal Observatory at Greenwich in 1675, The Observatory is under the official control of the Admiralty, and the Director is styled the Astronomer Royal. The present | IMPERIAL RESEARCH-MUSEUMS. collection of astronomical books and manuscripts brought together by Lord Crawford at Dunecht, the library of the late Charles Babbage, the Comet library, which is specially rich, and the collection of old books and manuscripts of historic interest. The optical room, 60 feet long, is provided with a Foucault siderostat, with mirror 16 inches in diameter. Besides the chief instruments already mentioned, the Observatory has a 12-inch Browning reflector, a Zöllner's photometer, three 6-inch refractors, and a fine collection of physical apparatus-the latter including a very powerful electro-magnet. The Observatory is under the official control of the Scottish Office, to the chief of which Department, the Secretary for Scotland, a report on the work of the Observatory is presented annually by the Astronomer Royal for Scotland. The scientific staff of the Observatory consists of the Director, Mr. R. A. Sampson, F.R.S., who is the Astronomer Royal for Scotland, and three assistants. Imperial Cancer Research. Extensive statistical and experimental researches are being carried out, and all reputed remedies are scientifically treated. Four reports on the investigations have been published: viz., "The Zoological Distribution, the Limitations to the Transmissibility, and Comparative Cytological Characters of Malignant New Growths" (1904); "The Statistical Investigation of Cancer (1905); "The Growth of Cancer under Natural and Experimental Conditions" (1905); and "The Third Scientific Report on the Investigations of the Imperial Cancer Research Fund" (1908), published by Taylor & Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. Numerous other papers of importance have been published in the Royal Society Proceedings and in home and foreign journals. General Superintendent of Cancer Research and Director of the Laboratory, Dr. E. F. Bashford; Treasurer, Henry Morris ; Sec., F. G. Hallett. Office, Examination Hall, Victoria Embankment. bered 231,544, a daily average of 761. Director and Principal Librarian, F. G. Kenyon, Esq., F.B.A., D.Litt. The Natural History Collections were removed from the British Museum 'at Bloomsbury to South Kensington in 1885, the new Museum in Cromwell Road being opened in 1881. The departments are four in number-Zoology, Geology, Minerals, and Botany. The Exhibition Galleries are open free daily except on Good Friday and Christmas Day. The total number of visitors to the Natural History Museum in 1909 was 535,116, as compared with 517,043 in 1908-an increase of 18,073. The number of visitors on Sundays in 1909 was 61,465, as against 65,986 in 1908. The number of students in the General Library and in the four Departments in 1908 was as follows: General Library, 2101; Zoology, 11,461; Geology, 5057; Minerals, 838; and Botany, 2712, making a general total of 22,169. Director. L. Fletcher, M.A., F.R.S.; Assistant Secretary, C. E. Fagan. The British Museum. Founded in the year 1753, when the collection of Sir Hans Sloane and the Harleian collection of manuscripts were acquired, and an Act of Parliament was passed "for providing one general repository for the better reception and more convenient use of the said collections, and of the Cottonian Library, and of the additions thereto.' The famous collection of MSS. made by Sir Robert Cotton, which was presented to the nation by Sir John Cotton, his descendant, in 1700, was virtually, however, the beginning of the Museum, The above collections were then designated "The British Museum," deposited in Montagu House, Bloomsbury, in 1754, and opened Jan. 15th, 1759. The Museum is open on week days from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.; after 4 p.m. in January, February, November, and December, and after 5 p.m. in March, September, and October, only certain of the galleries remain open: viz., -on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, exhibitions of manuscripts, printed books, prints and drawings, porcelain, glass, majolica, prehistoric, British, Anglo-Saxon, mediæval and ethnographical collections; on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, Egyptian, Assyrian, Greek and Roman_galleries (exclusive of the Vase Rooms and Bronze Room); Gold Ornament Room, American collections, and the Waddesdon Room. On Sunday after-containing respectively: (a) Scientific Instrunoons the Museum is open from 2 to 4 p.m. in January, February, November, December; from 2 to 5 p.m. in October; from 2 to 5.30 p.m. in March and September; from 2 to 6 p.m. in April, May, June, July, August. The Museum is closed on Good Friday and on Christmas Day. Students are admitted to the several departments under regulations to be obtained from the Director. Admission to the reading-room is by ticket. A reader's ticket is granted to persons over twenty-one years of age on a written application, stating object of researches, etc., and accompanied by a recommendation from a householder, who must be a person of recognised position, and who must certify that the applicant will make proper use of the readingroom. The authorities will not accept the recommendations of hotel and lodging-house keepers in favour of their lodgers. The total number of visitors to the Museum in 1908 was 743,413. The visitors to the reading-room num Science Museum, South Kensington. (Director, W. I. Last, A.M.I.C.E.) Entrances in Exhibition Road and Imperial Institute Road. Under the control of the Board of Education. The collections illustrate the principles of Science and also their application to industrial purposes. There are four divisions, ments and Apparatus used in Instruction and Research; (b) Machinery, including models and examples illustrating the development of various branches of Engineering and certain other industries; (c) Naval Models and Marine Engines, together with objects illustrating methods of ship propulsion; (d) Science Library, containing books on pure and applied Science, and a set of British Patent Specifications. Open daily except Good Friday and Christmas Day; from ro a.m. till 10 p.m, on Mondays, Thursdays, and Saturdays; on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Fridays from 10a.m. 4 p.m. in January, November, and December; till 5 p.m. in February and October; and till 6 p.m. from March to September inclusive, On Sundays from 2 p.m. till 4 p.m. in January, November, and December; till 5 p.m. in February and October; till 6 p.m. in March, April, and September; and till 7 p.m. in May, June, July, and August. Admission free, except to the Library. till Below will be found particulars of the more important Institutions. not pretend to be exhaustive. Academies, The International Association of, was established in 1899 on the initiative of the Royal Society, and now represents 20 academies and learned societies of Europe and America. The delegates of the constituent bodies meet once in every 3 years. Meetings were held in Paris 1901, London 1904, Vienna 1907. The International Catalogue of Scientific Literature is one of the projects with which the Association is concerning itself; others are a complete edition of the works of Leibnitz, an Encyclopædia of Islam, and the question of the interchange of MSS. and books between different countries. In England the Royal Society represents the Science section, and the British Academy the Letters section of the Association. Academy, The French (Académie Française), was founded in 1635 by Cardinal Richelieu, and is the first of the five academies constituting the "Institut de France," the other four being l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, l'Académie des Sciences, l'Académie des Beaux Arts, and l'Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques. The Academy consists of forty members, and meets at the Palais de l'Institut every Thursday from 3 to 5 p.m. An annual meeting is held in November. Thirty-four of the members receive 1000 fr. a year, and six members receive 2000 fr. a year. Six members who are appointed as a Dictionary Commission also receive 1000 fr. a year each. Forty-one "prix littéraires and forty-three "prix de vertu" are awarded by the Academy. Analysts, Society of Public, and other Analytical Chemists, 8 Duke St., Aldgate, E.C Hon. Secs.. A. Chaston Chapman and P. A. Ellis Richards. Aucient Buildings, Society for the Pro tection of, 20, Buckingham Street, W.C. Sec., Thackeray Turner, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A. Ancient Earthworks and Fortified Enclosures, Committee on. Hon. Sec., A. G. Chater, 41, Porchester Square, London, W. The list does Apocrypha, International Society of the. Founded in 1955 to make more widely known the value of the deutero-canonical books of the Bible and to promote their more general study. The organ of the Society is The International Journal of Apocrypha, published quarterly. Warden, Rev. Herbert Pentin, M.A.; Office, 15, Paternoster Row, E.C. Archaeological Association, The British. Hon. Seos., George Patrick, A.K.I.B.A., and J. G. N. Clift. Offices, 32, Sackville Street, W. Archaeological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, The Royal. Sec., G. D. HardingeTyler, M.A. Office: 20, Hanover Square, W. Architects, Royal Institute of British. Founded in 1834, for the general advancement of architecture and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith. It was incorporated by royal charter in 37, and obtained new charters in '87 and 1908. Secretary, Ian MacAlister, B.A. Oxon. Offices, 9, Conduit Street, Hanover Square, W. Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science. Formed in '86. Elaborate and most valuable reports of its proceedings are published by the Association, 5, Elizabeth Street, Sydney, N.S.W. Bibliographical Society, 20, Square, W. Hon. Sec., A. W. Pollard. Hanover Biologists, Association of Economic, founded to promote and advance the economic side of biological science. Hon. Secs.: W. E. Collinge, M.Sc., F.L.S., Uffington, Berkhamsted; W. G. Freeman, B.Sc., F.L.S., Imperial Institute, London, S. W. British Academy for the Promotion of Historical, Philosophical, and Philological Studies, incorporated by royal charter August 8th, 1902. The Academy aims at the promotion of the study of moral and political sciences, including history, philosophy, law, politics and economics, archeology, and philology. The maximum number of ordinary Fellows is fixed at 100. At present there are 99, distributed under four main sectional Committees: (1) History and Archæology-chairman, the Rt. Hon. Lord Reay, G.C.S.I.; (2) Philology-chairman, Dr. F. G. Kenyon; (3) Philosophy-chairman, Prof. B. Bosanquet; (4) Jurisprudence and Economics-chatman, Sir W. R. Anson, Bart., M.P. President: Mr. S. H. Butcher, M.P., Litt.D., LL.D. Secretary, Prof. I. Gollancz, Litt.D. Address: Burlington House, W. Ancient Monuments, Royal Commission. On Oct. 27th, 1908, H.M. the King appointed a Royal Commission to make an inventory of the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions connected with or illustrative of the contemporary culture, civilisation, and conditions of life of the people in England from the earliest times to the year 1700, and to specify those which seem most worthy of preservation. Chairman, Lord Burghclere. Members: Earl of Plymouth, C.B.; Viscount British Astronomical Association, founded Dillon; Lord Balcarres, M.P.; Sir H. H. Oct. 1890. There are about 1000 members, Howorth, K.C.I.E., President Royal Archæolo- twelve "Observing Sections," and branches in gical Institute; Sir J. F. F. Horner, K.C.V.O.; Glasgow and Sydney, N.S.W. Subscription Mr. E. J. Horniman, M.P.; Dr. F. J. Haver-tos. 6d. per annum; entrance fee 55. President, field, LL.D., M.A, Camden Professor of Ancient History at Oxford; Mr. Leonard Stokes, late President R.I.B.A.; The Hon. Sir Schomberg McDonnell, K.C.B., C.V.O., Sec. Office of Works; Mr. J. G. N. Clift, Hon. Sec. British Archaeological Association. Secretary, George H. Duckworth, 35, Charles Street, Berkeley Square, W. Antiquaries of London, Society of, BurSitgton House, W. Assist. Secretary, H. S. Kingsford, M.A. H. P. Hollis, B.A., F.R.A.S. Secs., Major British Numismatic Society. President, Mr. British Science Guild, formed in 1904, to bring before the Government the scientific SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. aspects of all matters affecting the national welfare; to promote the application of scientific principles to industrial and general purposes, and to promote scientific education. President, Rt. Hon. R. B. Haldane, K.C., M.P., F.R.S.; Hon. Treasurer, Lord Avebury; Hon. Assist Treasurer, Lady Lockyer, 16, Penywern Road, S.W.; Hon. Secs., Sir Alexander Pedler, C.I.E., F.R.S., and Dr. F. Mollwo Perkin. Office, 199, Piccadilly, London, S. W. Buddhist Society of Great Britain and Ireland, founded Nov. 1907, to explain and defend Buddhism. Membership open to persons of all religious persuasions. President, Prof. T. W. Rhys Davids; Hon. Sec., F. J. Payne. Office, 46, Great Russell Street, W.C. Chemical Industry, Society of. Founded 1881; Royal charter 1907. Membership 4500. The London section holds meetings at Burlington House, W. Other sections in Liverpool, Manchester, Newcastle, Nottingham, Birmingham, Canada, New England, New York, Scotland, Sydney, N.S.W., and Yorkshire. Meets in Sheffield in 1911. President, Walter F. Reid; Secretary, C. G. Cresswell, 9, Bridge Street, S.W. Chemical Society, Burlington House, W. President, Harold B. Dixon, M.A., F.R.S.; Treasurer, Dr. Alexander Scott, M.A., F.R.S.; Hon. Secs., Prof. A. W. Crossley, D.Sc., Ph.D., F.R.S., and Dr. G. T. Morgan, F.I.C.; Foreign Sec., Dr. Horace T. Brown, F.R.S.; Assist. Sec., Stanley E. Carr, F.C.I.S.; Librarian, F. W. Clifford. Chemistry, Institute of, of Great Britain and Ireland (incorporated by Royal Charter). 30, Bloomsbury Square, London, W.C. President, Dr. George Beilby, F.R.S.; Resident Registrar and Sec., R. B. Pilcher, F.C.I.S. City Churches Preservation Society, The, founded in 1894, considers that to destroy any of the beautiful City churches would be unnecessary. Hon. Sec., Alfred Moore, C.C., 7, Leadenhall Street, E.C. Civil Engineers, Institution of. Founded Jan. 2nd, 1818, incorporated '28, supplemental charters '87 and 96. Members 2298, associate members 4735, honorary members 18, associates 242, and students 1674: total 8967. It has a library of 42,300 volumes, including 15,200 pamphlets. President, Mr. Alexander Siemens; Sec., Dr. J. H. T. Tudsbery. Offices, Great George Street, Westminster, S.W. Cymmrodorion, The Honourable Society of, 64, Chancery Lane. President, Viscount Tredegar; Sec., Sir E. Vincent Evans. Dante Society, 38, Conduit Street, W. President, Alfred Austin, Poet Laureate; Hon. Sec., Chevalier Ricci. 1909-10 M. Naville continued his excavation at Abydos, which will be still further advanced in the winter of 1910-11. Thirty memoirs have been issued. In 1897 the Society started a Græco Roman Branch, for the discovery and publication of the remains of classical antiquity and early Christianity in Egypt. There has since appeared the first volume of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri, including a thirdcentury fragment of St. Matthew's Gospel, a poem by Sappho, considerable portions of known and unknown Greek literature, and a long series of official and private documents. A second volume contains historical documents of the first century A.D.; and a third volume deals with the Fayoum Towns been issued-one on the Tebtunis papyri, five and their papyri. Seven farther volumes have more volumes of the Oxyrhynchus papyri, and work of exploration, the Society commenced in one on the Hibeh papyri. In addition to its of this survey is to map, plan, photograph, '90 an Archeological Survey of Egypt. The object and copy all the most important sites, sculp tures, paintings, and inscriptions in the valley of the Nile between Cairo and Assouan. Upto to the celebrated XIIth-Dynasty tombs of the present time its work has been devoted Beni Hasan and El Bersheh, to the Old Kingdom tombs at Gebrawi, and to the XVIIIth-dynasty tombs Sheikh Said and of El Amarna. During the winter of 1909-10 Mr. F. Ll. Griffith went to Meröe, and proposes to issue two volumes on this site to Survey Hasan I., II., III. and IV., El Bersheh I, and II., subscribers. Eighteen memoirs-viz. Beni Hieroglyphs, and the Mastaba of Ptah-hetep I. II., and El Amarna I., II., III., IV., V., and VI. and II., Sheikh Said, and Deir el Gebrâwi I. and have been issued to annual subscribers to the Survey. For the last 17 years the Fund has also published, under the editorship of Mr. F. Ll. Griffith, an annual Archaeological Report on Egypt and Egyptology, containing not only an account of the progress of Egyptology and reports by the Society's explorers, but also papers by experts on Coptic and Græco-Roman research, and full bibliographies. The Report is illustrated. A volume of Coptic Ostraca by Mr. W. E. Crum, and the "Logia Jesou," or Sayings of Christ, "New Sayings," and an "Uncanonical Gospel" have also been issued. The Offices of the Fund are at 37, Great Russell Street, W.C. (opposite the British Museum). There is also an office at 527, Tremont Temple, Boston, Mass., U.S.A. President, Lord Cromer, O.M., P.C., G.C.B.; Sec., Miss Emily Paterson. El Engineering Standards Committee. The Civil, Mechanical and Electrical Engineers, the Committee is supported by the Institutions of Institution of Naval Architects, and the Iron and Steel Institute. Under the Main Comthese 27 sub-committees. Standard rolled mittee are 12 sectional committees, and under sections for constructional work, a standard specification for steel used in the hulls of ships, a specification for marine boiler steel, a speci fication for steel used in bridges and in general building construction, a standard specification for Portland cement, standard specifications for locomotive and rolling-stock material, standard designs of locomotives for Indian railways, standard screw threads, standard pipe threads, standard series of limits for running fits, standard pipe flanges, specifications for cast-iron pipes, specifications for wrought iron, standard Devon and Cornwall Record Society. President, Earl of Mount Edgcumbe. Hon. Seo. and General Editor, H. Tapley-Soper, Royal Albert Memorial University College, Exeter. Egypt Exploration Fund. Founded in 1882. After the claims of the National Museum of Egypt have been satisfied, the portable antiquities found are divided between the British Museum and various public collections in Great Britain, America, and the Colonies. The distribution depends mainly on the amount of support contributed by the several districts represented by the museums. Annual illustrated volumes are published, giving the results of each season's work. During the season |