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New Edition. By Edward Hamilton. (Col-
naghi.) This new edition may be said to be
the completion of a task, and Dr. Hamilton is
to be congratulated upon it. The task was,
doubtless, one of love, but it was also one of
labour and labour, in comparison with most
literary work, quite mis-proportioned to its
bulk, and, in a sense, thankless. Each line of
the book is the essence of careful study of
references tedious and comparisons unending;
and the art of it consists in the concealing of
the labour, the suppression of superfluities, the
effacement of the worker. Nor is it easy to
do justice to such a book in a current notice,
except by a few words of general praise, and
the expression of an opinion that its value will
be permanent. Of this there can be little
will be, to say the least, very unwise if he does
doubt. Whoever may come after Dr. Hamilton
not consult this catalogue, and will be very
wise indeed if he succeeds in supplanting it.
Such labour as Dr. Hamilton's is not likely to
be repeated by anyone of equal equipments,
and, if repeated, will be wasted. It is far
more probable that it will be adopted with or
without acknowledgment. But this is the
natural fate of all books of reference; and there
is enough of what is undeniably new, and
evidently personal, in this catalogue to assure
it an individual reputation. If it be a com-
pilation, it is one not only of facts, but of
experience, and has the impress of judgment
as well as industry. Of its "enlargements
the finishing touches which make it as com-
plete and trustworthy as such a book can well
be--we notice, especially, the valuable addition
of "lines of publication," which will be of
great use to collectors; and the careful ex-
amination of the principal collections in the
country has added much to the information
about the various "states" of the plates. Dr.
Hamilton has done wisely in generally limit-
ing his catalogue to engravings published not

later than 1822. It would have been more
convenient if the different divisions of the book
had been shown in the head-line; and the
information given as to the exhibition of the
pictures is so imperfect that it would perhaps
have been better to omit it altogether. But the

one is a small blemish and the other an instance of superfluity rather than neglect.

Les Historiens et les Critiques de Raphael. By Eugène Muntz. (Librairie de l'Art.) M. Muntz calls his little work an "essai bibliographique pour servir d'appendice à l'ouvrage de Passavant; and, in a Preface as modest as his title,

"the true artist is poet, priest, seer, prophet, musician, actor, all in one. Thrice blest, thrice happy man.'

We should think so, indeed; but

suggested in his Preface, and write us that
"Nachleben " or "Vie d'outretombe " of
Raphael which he so desires to read? The
history of the reputation and influence of why not six times blest, six times happy?
Raphael from Sebastiano to Ingres is a task Happy also must be Mr. Little and other
which few writers are so well fitted to perform. "advanced" persons who alone "can discover
The St. Anne of Leonardo da Vinci. By
volumes of lyrics, and tomes instinct with the
Alfred Marks. (Privately printed.) Mr. Marks' deepest subtilties of metaphysics, in the works
learned and interesting paper on the Louvre of Cecil Lawson." Mr. Little appears to think
picture and the Academy cartoon, in which he that landscape art is the highest, animal paint-
summarises and arranges with great care all ing the next, and mankind the third in the
existing evidence of their origin, was read before scale of subjects for art, for he says, " After all,
the Royal Society of Literature in 1882, and has animals are in a sense more worthy of the
now been reprinted, as it deserved to be, in a painter's art than are men.
separate form. The threads of his narrative tion he is brought nearer to the delineation of
and his arguments are made much clearer by nature in its pristinity and purity, although
the illustrations, some fifteen in number, show-not so near as he is brought in the representa-
his followers in the original designs. In any admire this style of writing, this book will be
ing the modifications made by Leonardo and tion of natural objects-trees and mountains,
clouds and rivers, let us say." For those who
further investigation as to the actual painter
of the Louvre picture and the existence of
Leonardo's cartoon for it, this little monograph
will be of much service.

Kunst und Künstler des Neunzehnten Jahr-
hunderts. Lieferung 1-14. (Leipzig: Seemann.)
This is a continuation of the well-known
"Kunst und Künstler" series edited by Dr.
Dohme. The same plan has been adopted with
regard to the present century as that which has
been so successfully employed for the art of
the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. When
finished, the whole work will form a complete
review of the lives and achievements of the
most celebrated artists in Christian times. If
not in all ways so important, the present, and
last, section presents greater difficulties of selec-
tion if it is to be kept within reasonable
dimensions. It is now some two years since the
issue of the first part, containing an admirable
résumé by Hermann Lücke of the life and labour
of the Danish painter Carstens, which was
followed by a part devoted to the German archi-
tectural artist Schinkel. Then came careful
studies of the sculptors Schadow and Rauch by
K. Eggers, and of David d'Angers and Prudhon
by A. Schmarsow. The later numbers have
been devoted to Cornelius, Overbeck, Schnorr,
Veit, and Fuhrich, who are joined together in
one comprehensive study by Veit Valentin, and
to Canova and Thorwaldsen, who have been
allotted to Hermann Licke. Good progress
may therefore be said to have been made in
this important work by a wise division of
labour among competent hands. At present
the English school has not been touched, but
explains his object to compile a catalogue "aussi promised from the pen of Dr. Ad. Rosenberg.
complet " of books concerned with Raphael, Great care has evidently been taken with the
leaving alone for the most part periodical lit- illustrations, which are a credit to the school of
erature and comprehensive works of the dic-German wood-engraving. For precision this
tionary kind. His book is for the workers, he
says, and not for the idle. We cannot but
commend either his intention or the manner of
its execution, and it is a matter for no little
surprise that a scheme so prudent and useful
should never have occurred to any other of the
numerous students of the great artist. That
the book is clearly and cleverly arranged was
only to be expected of the author of Raphael,
sa Vie, son Œuvre et son Temps, and it has that
merit of practicality which is only to be found
in the work of those supplying a defect which
they have themselves felt. The way of future
students is indeed smoothed for them now, not
only by a list of all authorities of importance,
but by few and well-judged words of advice as
to their value and special claims to attention.
The volume is to some extent removed from
scholastic criticism by its plea of imperfection.
It does not, even in its own sphere, profess to
be exhaustive. But we are glad to see that M.
Muntz has thoughts of a more complete bibli-
ography. Before, however, he devotes his ener-
gies to so laborious and dull an ambition, may
we not hope that he will give life to a project

we see that articles on Turner and Wilkie are

In their delinea

only too short, for it is all over on the 181st page.

Outlines of Historic Ornament. Edited by Gilbert R. Redgrave. (Chapman & Hall.) Since the days of Pinnock's Catechisms we a book which supplies so have never seen much undigested and inaccurate information in so unpalatable a form. The original work in German must have been trumpery enough, but the translation is, we trust. a parody of it.

We can easily understand the modesty of the author and translator in concealing their names from the public; our only wonder is that anyone should have been bold enough to proclaim himself its editor. But Mr. Gilbert Redgrave is evidently of a sanguine temperament, for he thinks that this work may fulfil a useful purpose.

Suggestions to China Painters. By M. Louise McLaughlin. (Cincinnati: Clarke; London: Crosby Lockwood.) This pretty little book, which comes to us from over sea, contains the riper experience of Miss McLaughlin, the author of Pottery Decoration and China Decora tion, both of which are excellent practical manuals for amateur painters on china. Miss McLaughlin is the head of the Pottery Club at Cincinnati the members of which sent over to Messrs. Howell and James's exhibition of 1852 some admirable specimens of their skill in underand over-glaze painting. The present, like her former books, is illustrated with some pretty designs of her own.

Kensington Drawing

Vere Foster's Simple Lessons in Water-Colours (Blackie.) The present volume of this useful series deals with the painting of flowers. The instructions are clear and full, and the coloured illustrations after drawings by Miss Ada Hanbury are good facsimiles of beautiful drawings. school has always been celebrated. In the Human Figure-Elementary. Books I.—IV. cutting of refined outlines and the rendering" Poynter's South of contours, and in ornamental and sculp-books." (Blackie.) It is needless to say that turesque work generally, they need fear no these examples for copying of hands, feet, comparisons; but in suggesting colour, and the masks, and features have been well selected by individual handling of a painter, the Germans Mr. Poynter, and are accurately drawn. On are not, as a rule, so successful as the French. the covers short instructions are given, and We would therefore point out for special com- drawings showing the bones of the different mendation the illustrations of the art of Prud- members. hon, which, while as accurate in drawing and as masterly in execution as the rest, show a sympathy with the artist and a brilliance of chiaroscuro which leave little to be desired. On the whole, this very important undertaking is worthy of hearty praise and encouragement.

What is Art? By J. Stanley Little. (Sonnenschein.) Mr. Little answers his question in the first few lines:-"It is Worship. It is Religion. It is Poetry. It is Truth. It is the apotheosis of the sublime, of the ethereal. True art has no special mission. Its mission is to elevate, to ennoble, to beautify, and to refine, The pulpit, the drama, and poetry have no other mission." Farther on we learn that

Elementary Perspective Drawing. By S. J. Cartlidge. (Blackie.) The Principles of Perspective. By George Trobridge. (Cassells.) gow: MacLehose.) The first of these is another Linear Perspective. By David Forsyth. (Glasof the Poynter series, and has the sanction of the Committee of Council on Education; the second is by the head-master of the Government School of Art, Belfast; the third is by the lecturer at the Church of Scotland Training College, Glasgow. England, Scotland, and Ireland have therefore each their own new and authoritative guides to the art of perspective, and there is not much to choose between them.

THE ART MAGAZINES.

O sonnets we have read for a long while are so vividly imaginative and so richly impassioned as those by Mr. Eugene Lee Hamilton in the current number of the Magazine of Art. They have been suggested, like so much of Mr. Hamilton's poetry, by a work of art-in this case a drawing by Mantegna; but the impulse has been a revolt against the conception of the artist and its obliteration by the poet's more fervid vision. The part is alt gether a good one, with its admirably illustrated and wellwritten article on Mr. W. L. Wyllie, by Mr. Barnett; its first bright paper on Seville, by Mr. David Hannay; its account of Fiji pottery, by Mr. St. Johnston; and other contributions by Mr. R. L. Stevenson, Miss Julia Cartwright, Mr. Blaikie, and Miss Jane Harrison. The "Current Art" (Royal Academy) is also well done; and the engravings after the pictures of Mr. Seymour Lucas, Mr. Linton, and Mr. Blair Leighton (hors texte) are admirable.

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Jahrbuch der königlich preussischen Kunstsammlungen. Funfter Band. 11. Heft. (Berlin: Weidmann.) The studies and articles in this number are of considerable interest. The subjects include "Albrecht Dürer's Portrait of the Elector of Saxony" (Frederick the Wise), by W. Bode; "A Sketch by Michelangelo for the Tomb of Julius II.," by A. Schmarsow; "The Ornament of the Little Masters," by A. Lichtwark; and "The Frescoes in the Schifanoja Palace at Ferrara," by F. Harck. The illustrations of all kinds are, as usual, admirable. The etching after Dürer's portrait of Elector Frederick in the Berlin Gallery is by Albert Krüger.

THE SALON.

II.

emulate the effects of Adrian van Ostade. show remarkable skill in reproducing the more
M. Heilbuth, a painter who, notwithstand-marked characteristics of the modern French
ing his exquisite technical accomplishment, schools. Mr. Welden-Hawkins has a large work
manages often to be deplorably uninteresting, of somewhat studied pathos-"Les pauvres
has a specimen of his remarkable skill, "Pro- Gens"- -a night scene, showing two orphans,
menade," which is not more exciting than who are but dimly seen through the fog-
other similar works by him. It is, as usual, a laden atmosphere, leaving a house of woe;
boat full of brightly attired figures, in modern this suggests, though on a much larger scale,
costume, floating on a calm stream, the varied the sad, low-toned pictures of M. Israels,
and is to some extent a
reflections on which are treated in his own un-
new departure
surpassed manner.
for the artist. Messrs. Stott, Bridgman, and
others all send works of interest which,
if space permitted, would merit detailed
notice. Still more remarkable in another direc-
tion is the Scandinavian group of painters
residing in Paris, who have seized upon a
healthier side of French art, and one more in ac-

Among the portrait, painters proper, M. Cabanel, the accredited limner of the Faubourg St-Germain, has two portraits of ladies. Unfortunately, this learned artist seems so weighed down with the necessity for imparting, above all things, an air of distinction affected and tiresome. One of the portraits shown, that of "Madame A. O.," has, however, great charm, and is, of course, admirably composed; but its effect is not heightened by the attempt to deal with masses of blue of varying tints in the dress and background. The perilous contest with this colour seems to have a great fascination for modern French painters, and this year's exhibition shows them constantly grappling with the difficulties to which it gives rise. A succès de scandale has been attained by Mr. Sargent's much-discussed which repre

to his likenesses that he often becomes

"Portrait de Madame

IN the Revue des Arts décoratifs M. A. Vala-sents a lady standing with one arm resting on brègne's papers on "Les Ornements de la a table, in an evening dress of black satin, Femme" and M. Paul Mantz's on "Les which displays the sculpturesque beauty of her Meubles du XVIII Siècle" do not decline in form with a liberality remarkable, and reinterest. The magazine is well illustrated, as marked, even in modern Paris. The painter has usual. deliberately rendered, with extraordinary skill and almost cynical audacity, the effect of enamelled flesh and of hair which owes its gold to art. The intention, no doubt, was to produce a work of absolutely novel effect-one calculated to excite, by its chic and daring, the of the public; and in this the painter has admiration of the ateliers and the astonishment probably succeeded beyond his desire. The peculiar style of Mr. Sargent's work is the more to be regretted because it contains passages showing much technical accomplishment; especially noticeable are the fine drawing and firm modelling of the beautiful neck and arms of the sitter: the head, on the other hand, has been somewhat sacrificed. M. Chaplin shows two admirable specimens of the meretriciously elegant yet brilliant style in which he is facile princeps; two very interesting and refined portraits, which suffer, however, from mannerism and wilful dulness of colour, are shown by M. Elie Delaunay; and the galleries also contain interesting works in male portraiture by M. Carolus Duran, M. Gervex, and M. Cormon (whose "Portrait de M. Marcel Déprey" has rare charm and sympathy), and two grave and beautiful works on a small scale by M. Dubois. The dashing and dexterous, but offensively vulgar, portrait by M. Clairin of the dancer Malle. Zucchi in the costume of a ballerina also deserves mention. Mr. Whistler exhibits two comparatively early works the well-known "Carlyle" and "Portrait of Miss Alexander;" and M. Fantin-Latour has the sober-hued, pathetic portrait of a lady painting flowers, called "L'Etude," which was in last year's Academy: this, which is in its way a masterpiece, has not either there or here excited all the attention which it deserves. The celebrated Belgian painter M. Emile Wauters has a huge portrait of a "blue boy" on a pony of extraordinary shape and dimensions-a work hardly worthy of his reputation. The face of the child is wooden and unpleasant in expression, and no attempt has been made to take into account the atmospheric conditions under which the painter has deliberately chosen to work.

M. BESNARD, a former "prix de Rome," sends a large diptych, destined for the decoration of the Ecole de Pharmacie, which he calls "La Maladie-La Convalescence." One wing shows a female figure apparently in mortal agony, tended by ministering women and a physician; the other represents the recovery of the same person, who totters forth into the summer air, supported on either side, and greeted by a little child, which stretches out its arms in childish glee. The work is especially curious as showing an attempt to combine two elements very difficult to assimilate-style and harmonious composition on the one hand, and the technique and subjects affected by the "Impressionnistes" on the other. Though there is much in the picture to admire-especially the pathetic figures of the mother and child in the "Convalescence"-the attempt cannot but be pronounced a mistaken one; the peculiar technique gives as its results not so much the bright flat tints of decorative art as a sort of wan transparency in the figures, which imparts to the whole the air of an unsubstantial dream. M. Bastien-Lepage is represented by one small picture, "La Forge," painted with much vigour and finish, in which he, abandoning for once his open-air subjects, has sought to

The Anglo-American group of painters residing in Paris fully maintain their ground, and

cordance with their own sentiment and traditions.

The school of Millet and Jules Breton is the one which has inspired them, and which they are successfully endeavouring, without servile imitation, to adapt to their own wants. Especially remarkable are the works in this style of M. Edelfelt, who sends "En Mer-Golfe de Finlande;" M. Smith-Hald, whose two marine pieces are full of breezy freshness; M. Kroyer, who sends a remarkable "Pêcheurs de Skagen;' and M. Werenskiold, whose picture, Une Confession "-representing a peasant mother, who, closely embracing her young daughter, listens sorrowfully to her confession of evidently unhappy love-is a work which for natural, unforced pathos has few equals in the exhibition.

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To describe in detail the numerous and often gigantic landscapes proper would be a difficult and in some instances ungrateful task. The tendency of the most modern French landscapepainters is to affect huge canvases, often finely composed and accurately observed, but revelling too much in bright greens of painful crudity and too sharply contrasted shadows. these works are deficient in the pathetic sugWhat is more important, however, most of gestiveness which has characterised the great school of French landscape during the last thirty years, and are on a scale quite excessive as compared with the interest they excite. However, that great school is worthily represented by at least two powerful and nobly pathetic painters. The first of these is M. Harpignies, who sends two landscapes, the finer of which is "Lever de Lune," a beautiful design, in which the effect of the newly risen moon is exquisitely rendered. On the whole, however, the power and variety of this painter were better shown at the recent exhibition of the "Aquarellistes," which contained a whole series of his works. Beside him may be placed M. Pointelin, a follower, in some respects, of Corot, whose principal contribution, "Le Sentier des Roches," though studiously low in tone, has a gray-blue sky of magnificent depth and atmospheric effect, combined with a sombre wood scene in which tones of the darkest yet most harmonious green and buff predominate. If the art of this painter were not somewhat limited in scope monotonous in its mode of expression, he would be entitled to a place among the first of his countrymen. Of a somewhat lower order, yet still fine, is the art of M. Nozal, who sends, among other things, a grandly designed landscape, "Etang de la Mer-Rouge à

and

Brenne," and some remarkable pastels. M. Demont has a poetic and well-conceived moonrise, "La Nuit," which is unfortunately timid and unpleasant in handling. Very refined technique and much delicacy of feeling are shown in "Les Bords du Loing-Seine-et-Marne," by M. Pelouse. The National Gallery of New South Wales, which has obtained this picture, is to be congratulated on the acquisition. Landscapes of considerable power are also contributed by M. Damoye and M. Montenard. The section containing the etched and engraved

work is, as usual, of remarkable variety and excellence. In the present notice it is impossible to do more than allude to the magnificent etching of M. Bracquemond after the "David" of M. Gustave Moreau, for which there has justly been allotted to him the "Médaille d'Honneur." The extraordinary refinement and perfection of the technique is not more remarkable than the intuition and sympathy which he has shown in translating the painter's poetic yet strange and visionary design. We are tempted to hope that, if Mr. Burne-Jones's magnificent "Cophetua" is to be engraved, the task will be entrusted to M. Bracquemond, who, in dealing with a kindred spirit, has shown such transcendent ability.

The display of sculpture, notwithstanding the very important abstentions already pointed out, is still of much interest, and again proves the supreme power and fine style of the French artists in this branch. In spite of occasional aberrations of taste and exaggerations, the French must still be pronounced the only living and true school of sculpture in Europe; for the Italian artists (to whom cannot be denied astonishing executive skill and occasionally piquant conceptions) resort to tricks of style so unworthy, and indulge in such utter perversions of the art, that it is impossible for a moment to place them on the same level of comparison. Perhaps the most original work, however, shown this year, though it may be surpassed in point of breadth and elevation of style, is the “ Mephistopheles" of M. Antokolsky, a Russian artist, who in 1878 obtained a "Médaille d'Honneur" for his celebrated "Christ." The fiend is represented naked, seated in an attitude of repose on a rock. The concentrated icy malignity of the face is of extraordinary effect; and the slight nervous form, with its accurately rendered bone structure, without being unpleasantly realistic, is fully in keeping with the subject. Probably the type of the cold negative Spirit of Evil, as conceived by Goethe, has never been more happily embodied. M. Chapu shows two finely wrought decorative statues, 'Pluton " and "Proserpine," the noble style and execution of which owe much to Greek art; especially admirable is the subtle rendering of the muscles in the statue of Pluto. M. Falguière's "Nymphe Chasseresse" is full of life and vivacity, and remarkably-perhaps unduly-daring in attitude; yet it wants style, and is in type too much a repetition of the artist's former successes. The somewhat conventional GraecoRoman art of M. Guillaume is adequately represented by the "Monument élevé à Duban,' a nobly wrought monumental bust in bronze on a plinth of marble.

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It is impossible to accord unstinted praise to the elaborate design of M. Dumilâtre for a monument to be erected to La Fontaine, which includes, besides a bust of the poet placed on an elevated pedestal, a nymph or allegorical figure, with huge, fluttering draperies, and a number of beasts and birds of all kinds, intended to suggest his Fables. There is remarkable skill shown in the modelling of many parts of the work; but the whole is offensive from its want of concentration and of repose, and its appearance of instability. If the plaster model already so offends by overstepping the limits of the art, what will be the effect of the work when executed in marble? M. Cain's huge group, "Rhinocéros attaqué par des Tigres," shows all the artist's well-known vigour and power in modelling; but the subject is surely a somewhat far-fetched and improbable one, unworthy of treatment on so huge a scale. A first-class medal has been given to M. Rolard for his group Sauvé," a father who bears in his arms the inanimate form of his son just rescued from the waves. The design is, perhaps, not strikingly original; but the nude is treated

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with remarkable perfection and mastery, and the work on the whole fully deserves the honour it has obtained. A similar recompense has been awarded to a beautiful and highly original group," Berger et Sylvain," a robust and nobly formed shepherd sporting with a baby fawn, which he holds high in the air. Without approaching too close an imitation of reality, this statue is true to nature, full of vitality, and harmonious in general conception; the treatment of the hair, and of the sheepskin which forms the drapery, savours too much of the clay and too little of the marble into which it is to be translated. There may be further mentioned among the numerous works worthy of remark a decorative figure, "Salomé," by M. Pépin, the pedestal of which, in the taste of that of Cellini's Perseus," is of beautiful design; a 'Galathée," by M. Marqueste, remarkable for the happily chosen attitude and the unusual elevation of the style in which the nude has been treated; "Un Sauveteur," a vigorously modelled figure by M. Mombur, somewhat wanting in refinement; and a charming statuette by M. Puech, "Jeune Homme au Poisson." Among the innumerable busts, the most interesting is perhaps M. Rodin's portrait of his brother-sculptor, M. Dalou, which is remarkable for the fiery spirit in which it is conceived, and for the sympathetic truth of the rendering; M. Rodin, however, has too great an affection for the physical defects of humanity, and represents them too faithfully. The same artist's bust of "Victor Hugo" fails through the exaggeration of the treatment, which imparts to it an air of ferocity rather than of inspiration. It is impossible here even to allude to the numerous iconic figures, or to the medals, wax models and medallions, cameos and engraved stones, which are exhibited in connexion with the sculpture. CLAUDE PHILLIPS.

EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND. THE SITE OF THE GREAT TEMPLE OF SAN.

HAVING now finished for this season the examination of the area of the great temple, a brief historical outline may be given of this site, embodying what has been observed and discovered, without repeating the details described in the topographical account published in the ACADEMY for March 15. The work has only been of an exploratory nature trenches and pits-and not a general and final clearance of the site. Such would be a labour of years, even irrespective of the rest of this great city, on which the workmen are now occupied in testing various parts.

The earliest remains are two blocks bearing the cartouche of Pepi, which belong either to the VIth, or perhaps to a descendant of Pepi in the VIIIth Dynasty. These stones have been reworked, and the nature of the building to which they originally belonged is still unknown. In the next period-the XIIth Dynasty-it seems that San was the Northern capital of this Theban dynasty; Memphis, as is well known, hardly shows a trace of this age, whereas here are important remains of the greater part of this dynasty. Of the first king, Amenemhat I., there is a colossal red granite statue; and it seems certain that the columns afterwards used by Si-amen were derived from a great temple built here by this founder of the dynasty. They are of the clustered-lotus type, and have a delicacy of style, and a brilliant finish, which cannot be ascribed to the XIXth Dynasty, or still less to the XXIst; the dull vermilion-red colour of the granite is peculiar, and is only paralleled by that of the statue of Amenemhat I. Of the next king, Usertesen I., there is the lustrous statue in black granite. Fine as this is, however, it is surpassed in art by the similar statue, of which

the name is lost, but which by style and material is most probably of Amenemhat II., his successor. This noble statue is, perhaps, unique among Egyptian colossi in not having any pilaster at the back, but being fully developed equally all around. Of the next king, Usertesen II., there is only the upper part of the trunk remaining from a fine statue in hard, close yellow sandstone; this is happily identified by a minute fragment of a cartouche on a piece of similar stone from the throne of the figure. His successor, Usertesen III., erected some building here, as his name remains on an entablature; it is remarkable that he is there called "beloved of Osiris," a title doubtless intended for a repudiation of the Set worship of San. Osiris is never mentioned here in other epochs. It is probably this dynasty who also executed the gigantic red granite sphinxes which were afterwards so often re-appropriated. Thus during the Middle Kingdom there was an important temple here which was decorated with a continuous series of magnificent royal statues, executed in the most intractable materials.

To the temple of the XIIth Dynasty Sebakhotep III. and VI. added their statues; and the hitherto unknown Prince Nehesi placed here a granite obelisk dedicated to Khem, one side of which was covered with a long inscription. It is certain that two more obelisks, and probably about six, belonging to this period were entirely re-faced and worked up by Rameses II. The scarcely known King Murmasha'u added a fine pair of statues of very large size. And we may, perhaps, see a glimpse of history in the fact of Apepi the Hyksos asserting his dominion by only inscribing his name on the statues of Mur-masha'u ; this suggests that he may have personally conquered him, as he did not thus mark any of the colossi of the earlier kings. His moderation in this respect places him far above Rameses II., or that yet worse offender Merenptah I. The Hyksos kings continued the decoration of the temple by adding statues and sphinxes to it, all executed in black granite, which probably came from the Sinaitic quarries, to which they had access. It seems as if they never obtained red granite from Syene for their works, so that the colour is presumably a test of the original authorship of a statue. The XVIIIth Dynasty is still an entire blank here; but it seems that when Rameses II. began his works on this site, he must have found a great temple, richly furnished with an historical series of statues, which probably could not be matched elsewhere.

The work of the XIXth Dynasty is by far the most prominent at San, as Rameses II. not only had the courage to appropriate and alter whatever would be of use to him, but also executed a vast amount of original work. Requiring a statue of his mother, he took one of a princess of the XIIth Dynasty; altered it by having the dress and hair elaborated in a Ramesside style, in place of the antique simplicity; trimmed away the sides of the lower part of the thumbs, as they were thought too heavy; and then put on a bold inscription appropriating it, while the face, being fairly pleasant, was left untouched. His many obelisks I have described before, and his defacement of the original inscriptions from some of the old obelisks has just been mentioned. older statues were re-arranged in an enlarged and altered temple; the sanctuary, with its massive sides of granite, was erected; numerous stelae, some of great size (up to forty tons) were placed beside the sanctuary; the approach to the temple was adorned with an avenue of magnificent monolithic columns of granite; and far in front of the present pylon stood two statues of Rameses. Probably there was a pylon near the existing one (perhaps of lime

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stone); but of that no certain trace remains, except a pair of granite statues about twentyfour feet high, which still lie there. But above the whole of this mass of building towered upward a vast figure of Rameses himself, the great building scarcely reaching to its waist; of this colossus (which appears to have stood about one hundred feet in height, besides its pedestal) there are several fragments-parts of a foot and leg, and part of the crown-remaining in the pylon. This seems to be the largest statue known, and the heaviest block of which we have any remains. Of Merenptah I. there is but little original work-two or three statues, not much exceeding life-size, in a poor style, being all that he executed. But his treatment of the older remains is unpardonable: he defaced the statues of the XIIth Dynasty in a most brutal manner with his cartouches; and, not content with that, he erased the older names, and substituted his own, leaving the exquisitely carved titles of the original possessors to give the lie to his theft. Of Rameses III. there is but a single statue. Some of the blocks bearing the same cartouches as Rameses II. are of such very inferior work to the other sculptures that they would seem to belong to a later Ramesside king, probably the XIIth; and this is confirmed by one such block having an earlier sculpture on one side in the style of Rameses II. At the end of the XXth Dynasty, San appears to have fallen to decay, and to have been largely ransacked for building material. This is the only explanation of the fact that Si-amen, of the next dynasty, worked up a great amount of ruined material of Rameses II.; and yet he never shows any spite to the existing remains of Rameses, never defacing the figures or hieroglyphs, or substituting his own. His work is so very poor that he cannot have had skill and appliances at command; and, therefore, he would hardly destroy the buildings of Rameses in order to erect comparatively rude structures. To Si-amen we may attribute all the late work about the sanctuary, since no later cartouche has been found there. This late work includes a large enclosure or hall, of which only the granite blocks worked up in one part of the wall and the granite lintels of the doors remain; also a colonnade in front of the sanctuary, the exquisite columns of which owed their form to Amenemhat I.: they were placed on roughly shaped bases, bearing an inscription of Si-amen, and crowned with a massive entablature, which was never finished, but was left rough, as from the quarry. The inscriptions of Si-amen are but few, and very rudely executed; they are all modelled on Ramesside forms, and he is never called highpriest of Amen, which seems to show that he is not to be identified with Her-hor. The next

work that we find at San is the great wall of Pisebkhanu. This is now ascertained to have extended around the whole of the temple area, following at the south-east corner the limits of an earlier pavement of massive construction, formed of three layers of stone. This wall was an entirely original work apparently, as the bricks in its very middle, forty feet from the outside, are all of the same king. Pisebkhanu also decorated the sanctuary, as glazed pottery tablets I. or II. also worked here, as a block was found with his names, reworked in a pavement on the north-east. Osarkon II. worked here, and on a large scale, as he carried materials from the temple of Rameses II., and re-erected them in a temple outside of the great wall; but this was apparently unfinished, as in the avenue of columns are some whose cartouches he has appropriated, though they were not yet removed to his temple. But the principal work that remains of this dynasty is the great pylon built by Sesonk III. This was erected from

with his cartouche are found there. Sesonk

the inexhaustible mine of Ramesside structures; the very lowest block is an architrave of Rameses II. turned over; the cone of the wall is a broken obelisk in quartz breccia of the same king, and a great part of the blocks was derived from the immense colossus of Rameses before mentioned.

In the XXVth Dynasty the temple was still in use, as Taharka erected a stele near the line of early statues; and there is also a fragment of another stele of about the same age. Of the next dynasty, a porcelain ornament with the name of Psamtik II. was found on the south of the temple area. Some later king appears to have worked at San, possibly Nekhtnebf. The signs of this are-first, in a great pavement in the north-east corner of the area, where a block of Sesonk I. or II. was cut up and re-used, and this would scarcely occur in the same dynasty; secondly, three sphinxes of late type have been found associated with Ptolemaic tablets, and two of them had evidently come from some earlier position. To some late king, perhaps of the XXIInd Dynasty, must be attributed the rebuilding of the great wall on the north and north-west, on which side it had been so much ruined (probably by a siege) that only two courses of Pisebkhanu's bricks are remaining in some parts.

Of Greek times some monuments of the Ptolemies are found; four tablets of Ptolemy II. have been discovered, and the great decree of Canopus found by Lepsius is of Ptolemy III. This latter was found on the north side of the great temple; whereas the Ptolemaic temple in which it was probably erected has been discovered on the south side. Hence it appears to have been removed for building purposes (just as Si-amen moved and broke up all the stelae of Rameses II.), and this is confirmed by the level where it was found being of Roman age.

Of Roman times there remains a large well, with a long flight of twenty-two steps descending to a doorway in it, and continued within it as a circular staircase. This well is close to the north side of the great avenue or hall of columns, being cut through the mud which had washed down into the temple. It is massively constructed of limestone, and in perfect condition. The bottom cannot be reached owing to water; but next season it will be desirable to pump it out, and so discover the ancient water level, which will give the geological datum of the sinking of the land. Such is the outline of the history of this site, of which I hope before long to publish the details.

W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE.

OBITUARY.

WE regret to record the death at Cairo of Mr. E. T. Rogers, better known as Rogers Bey, who, by his learning and his enthusiasm, had made himself the first authority on all matters connected with Mahommedan art in Egypt. He was the guiding mind in the commission recently appointed for the preservation of Arab monuments; and it is little more than a year since he reported in the ACADEMY (May 19, 1883) the discovery of the mausoleum of the Abbasside Khalifs. The collection of Kufic coins that he leaves behind him is unrivalled for extent and rarity.

MR. RIDGWAY R. LLOYD, M.R.C.S., died at his house, Boroughfield, St. Albans, on Sunday, June 1, at the age of forty-one. His studies in archaeology and ecclesiastical antiquities had centred largely round the abbey church of St. Albans, in the history and well-being of which he took the deepest interest. His Altars, Monuments, and Tombs existing A.D. 1428 in St. Albans Abbey is well known and highly valued;

the numerous notes accompanying the translations were the result of long and careful study on the spot, and of a free communication with other antiquaries. A number of papers read before meetings of the St. Albans Architectural and Archaeological Society and other societies he looked upon as occasional work done for special occasions, but prepared them all with the minutest care. At St. Albans he will be much missed in the society, of which he had been one of the hon. secretaries since 1870; as also in every good work in the neighbourhood.

THE death is also announced of Mr. Arthur

Perigal, who had been a member of the Royal
Scottish Academy since 1841.

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MR. W. THOMPSON WATKIN, author of Roman Lancashire, is making progress with the companion volume on Roman Cheshire, already announced in the ACADEMY. The chief feature is, of course, a detailed account of the numerous remains that have been discovered in modern times in the city of Chester, the Roman Deva. There will also be descriptions of the stations at Kinderton, Northwich, and Wilderspool; and of such minor posts as Meols, Nantwich, &c. The volume will be abundantly illustrated with wood-cuts after photographs specially taken; with a map of the county showing the roads and sites; and with plans of the principal stations. It will be published by the author (22 West Derby Road, Liverpool), at the subscription price of £1 5s.

THE Council at Cambridge has recommended a grant of £100 out of the Worts Travelling Scholars' Fund to Mr. A. H. Smith, who has joined Mr. Ramsay in his archaeological exploration of Phrygia.

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THE second instalment of the "Current Art" series of papers in the Magazine of Art for July will contain engravings of "The Intruders," by Mr. E. J. Gregory; ""Twixt Day and Night," by Mr. W. J. Hennessy; Mr. Edgar Barclay's Sporting with the Leaves that fall; M. Auguste Rodin's statue of L'Age d'Airain' (from a drawing by the the Missing," the last of which will form the sculptor); and Mr. Walter Langley's "Among frontispiece. The editor contributes an article of Adrienne Lecouvreur, Michael Baron, on French Stage Royalties," with portraits Clairon, and others.

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THE second annual meeting of the National Society for Preserving the Memorials of the Dead will be held on Wednesday next, June 18, at 4 p.m., in the rooms of the Archaeological Institute. The Bishop-suffragan of Nottingham will take the chair.

THE "prix du Salon" has been awarded by the jury to M. Paul Leroy for his portrait. The

exhibition will close on June 20.

WE have received from Messrs. Chatto & Windus Dumas' Catalogue illustré du Salon, which is now in its sixth year. Both in its general get-up, and in the mode of reproduction employed, it compares very favourably with the corresponding enterprises in this country.

MUSIC.

reuther played Dr. Hubert Parry's Pianoforte in contact. Referring to Wagner's wellConcerto in F sharp major. Since it was pro- known conclusion that Beethoven's Ninth GERMAN OPERA AT COVENT GARDEN.duced at the Crystal Palace in 1880 it has been Symphony has sounded the last note in absorevised and partly rewritten by the composer.lute music, the lecturer ventured to disagree The slow movement is charming, and the open- with him. Another interesting point was that ing allegro improves upon acquaintance. The Wagner was never able to ascertain conperformance was an admirable one, and, at clusively, in portions of his works, whether the close, composer and interpreter were called the poetry or the music first revealed itself to the platform. Mr. Dannreuther played with to him. Mr. Moncure D. Conway will great precision and brilliancy, and in the long deliver the next lecture, on July 1, at the and difficult cadenza at the end of the finale same place. showed his perfect mastery of the key-board. The programme included Méhul's sparkling Overture 'La Chasse du jeune Henri" and Beethoven's Pastoral Symphony. Herr Theodor Reichmann, from the Vienna Opera-house, was heard to great advantage in Wotan's Abschied from "Die Walküre."

effectively. Herr Gudehus was an excellent

So.

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WEBER'S "Der Freischütz" was given last
Friday week, June 6. It was a treat to hear
the work in its original form-i.e., with spoken
dialogue instead of the recitatives used when the
Opera is performed on the Italian stage. Berlioz
was the first to write recitative music, and
also to arrange some of the composer's music
for a ballet-for only in this form could "Der
Freischütz" pass the portals of the Académie
royale de Musique. But this conversion of
the work into a Grand Opera was by no means
an improvement; and when, as was the case
at Covent Garden, the singers prove them-
selves good speakers and intelligent actors,
the reversion to the proper mode of presenting
the work is most satisfactory. The numerous
THE Cambridge University Musical Society
alterations in, and maltreatments of, "Der claims our notice this year, not by reason of
Freischütz" are matters of history; Herr
Richter gave us a pure and faithful version. any novelty, but from the fact that Herr
Richter kindly consented to conduct Beethoven's
The performance was, on the whole, exceed-seventh Symphony at the concert held in the
ingly good. Frau Biro de Marion as Agathe Guildhall, Cambridge, last Tuesday afternoon.
was decidedly weak, but Frau Schuch-Proska There are times when an audience tries to be
acted and sang the part of Acnnchen most enthusiastic, and other times when it really is
at Cambridge; Herr Richter was on his mettle,
There was no mistake about the applause
and gave a superb rendering of the work.
Very possibly some of his audience had not
attended any of the Richter concerts in London,
and on such the dignified behaviour of the
conductor must have made a powerful im-
pression. Directing without book may be
On Wednesday evening, June 11, "Lohen-imprudent, but it brings with it undoubted
advantages; Herr Richter owes his success
grin" was given, with Mdme. Albani as
Elsa, singing the part in German for the first quite as much to the movement of his eyes as
to the action of his arms. Brahms' Requiem
time. It is impossible for us to say anything
was given for the second time by the Cain-
about this performance, for we were unable to bridge Choir. The work is a difficult one, and
gain admission. We presented the letter signed Mr. Stanford must be praised for his courage
by Mr. H. Franke granting us the usual press in attempting it with the means at his disposal,
pass, but were informed that the house was
and with limited rehearsal. The performance, in
full. While rejoicing that the German Opera truth, was rather a rough one-plenty of vigour,
Company is doing so well, we cannot but regret but a lack of refinement and want of attention
that no previous warning should have been to light and shade. In many places also the
given to members of the press, enabling them, orchestra was too loud. We cannot
if so disposed, to provide themselves with the conductor's tempi in the first four move-
agree with
tickets. We say "members," for we were not ments; some were too fast, others too slow.
alone in failing to obtain entrance.
The solo parts were taken by Mrs. Pagden
and Mr. H. E. Thorndike. The programme
included Brahms' Tragic Overture, admirably
rendered under the conductorship of Mr.
Stanford. The concert was well attended.

Max, and Herr Wiegand distinguished himself as Caspar. The orchestra, under the direction of Herr Richter, played the lovely music in a most delightful manner. We cannot praise the stage arrangements in the incantation scene. Rudolph declared that the ghostly forms chilled and awed" him, but the effect on the audience was by no means so terrible.

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J. S. SHEDLOCK.

RECENT CONCERTS.

was

MUSIC NOTES.

THE fifth public concert of the St. Cecilia
Society will take place next Thursday evening,
June 19, at St. James's Hall, when an in-
teresting programme is announced, including
works by Bach, Spontini, Hiller, Volkman, and
C. V. Stanford. The band and chorus of ladies
will, as usual, be under the direction of Mr.

Malcolm Lawson.

THE series of Richter concerts is rapidly draw-
ing to a close. At the seventh, on Thursday,
June 5, Berlioz' "Symphonie fantastique
played. This clever, though eccentric, work
was noticed at length in the ACADEMY when
produced at one of Mr. Ganz's concerts in 1881,
so that we need only mention the performance,
which, with one exception, was exceedingly
good. In the second movement there ought to
have been four harps instead of two; the music
was lacking in brilliancy owing to the want of
balance of tone. Liszt's "Hungarian Rhap-
sody" No. 3 in D major, scored for orchestra,
is lively enough, but its artistic value is very
small, and we consider it quite out of place in
a Richter programme. The cimbalom, the
national instrument of Hungary, is used, and
the effect is peculiar, though scarcely satis-
factory. An attempt was made to encore the
Rhapsody, but some vigorous marks of dis-
approval induced the conductor to counter-
mand the order which he had actually given
for its repetition. Frau Schuch-Proska sang
two songs-an aria from Mozart's Cosi fan
tutte and the "6 Cavatina from Weber's
"Euryanthe; in the latter she was very
successful. The programme included the others.
"Leonora " Overture No. 3 and the usual selec-
tion from "Tristan."

WE would call attention to some recent publications of Messrs. Novello :-A vocal score of Spohr's Mass in C, lately noticed in the ACADEMY on the occasion of its performance by the Leslie Choir. It is a work which we commend to the notice of choral societies; they will derive pleasure and profit from the study of it.-Palestrina's Missa Assumpta est Maria, edited by W. S. Rockstro for the use of the Bach Choir. The music was not sung in Palestrina's time without expression and certain changes of tempo. Whether or not Mr. Rockstro has gone farther than the composer intended however, he assumes sole responsibility for all seems to us open to question. In the Preface, marks of forte and piano and indications of time.

and 62. There is some smooth and even clever
-The Organists' Quarterly Journal, parts 61
writing in these two numbers, but not one piece
that we would single out as specially attractive.
The editor, Dr. Spark, contributes an Andante
expressivo to part 61, and in it we find also a
quiet unobtrusive Andante by J. H. Wallis. Dr.
J. C. Tiley, in his fugue on the first section of

St. David's hymn-tune, in vain tries the various
devices of augmentation, diminution, and in-
version, but they proclaim rather than hide the
dryness of the piece.
mention a bright, though not very original,
Of part 62 we need only
Improvisata by E. T. Driffield and an Andante
by George Gardiner.

AGENCIES.

London Agents, Messrs. W. H. SMITH & SON, 186 Strand.

Copies of the ACADEMY can also be obtained

every Saturday morning in EDINBURGH of Mr. MENZIES; in DUBLIN of Messrs. W. H SMITH AND SONS; in MANCHESTER of Mr. J. HEYWOOD. Ten days after date of publication, in NEW YORK, of Messrs. G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS.

PARIS.

Copies can be obtained in Paris every Saturday morning.

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION

ΤΟ

THE ACADEMY.
(PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.)

THE members and friends of the London branch of the United Richard Wagner Society of Germany met on Monday, June 9, at the house of the president (the Earl of Dysart) to hear a lecture by Mr. Ferdinand Praeger, entitled "Personal Reminiscences of Richard Wagner." This life-long friend of the master testified to his generosity, and to the absence of conceit and envy in his nature; he touched upon his great powers as an orchestral conductor, and his marvellous gift of embuing every character with strong individuality in his part-writing; and he spoke of his friendship with Cipriani Potter, Tausig, Roeckel, and If obtained of a Newsvendor or indirect cause of his political exile in 1848, for Roeckel appears to have been the Roeckel possessed, to a remarkable degree, the ON Monday evening, June 9, Mr. E. Dann-power of influencing men with whom he came

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