Edward Parsons Day. (Sampson Low.) The author is an American, who has devoted his life to the production of the work before us. According to the statistics supplied in the Preface, it contains "nearly forty thousand quotations from over eight thousand authors on more than two thousand subjects." We cannot honestly continue the quotation, and say that it ought to "find a place on the table of every scholar, author, journalist, statesman, and divine, and in every library in the United States and the British empire." We must content ourselves with commending the externals of the volume it is well printed and well bound; the steel engravings are better than the wood-cuts. The entire work, and in especial the Biographical Index, shows an extraordinary amount of industry which would have been more profitably devoted to a higher object.

Indian

The Tribes on my Frontier: an Naturalist's Foreign Policy. By EHA. With Illustrations by F. C. Macrae. Second Edition. (Thacker.) Having somehow missed this book on its first appearance, we must not let the present opportunity pass. We know not what name is concealed beneath the initials on the title-page (if initials they be), but the author

In

has no reason to be ashamed of his work. the matter of subject Mr. Phil Robinson has been his model, though we do not mean to imply that he is guilty of any imitation. His style reminds us rather of that most brilliant of modern Anglo-Indians, the lamented Aberigh Mackay. It has the brevity which is the soul of wit, and a delicacy of allusion which charms the literary critic. The illustrations are not unworthy of the text. If Mr. Macrae fails in drawing the human figure (as most other Anglo-Indian artists have failed before him), he has certainly succeeded in catching the quaintness of obscure animal life upon which his author dwells so fondly. To the new edition some six or eight fresh pictures have been added-chiefly tail-pieces; but these are not all by Mr. Macrae. It is right to state that the book owes a good deal (unlike most AngloIndian books) to the handsome manner in

which it has been produced.

To his other exceptional gifts Prof. Sayce adds the rare faculty of popular exposition of facts and theories remote from popular knowledge. Hence his little book entitled Fresh Light from the Ancient Monuments (Religious Tract Society) will be welcome to all those intelligent readers of the Old Testament who, having themselves neither time nor talent for original research, are anxious to learn what are the principal results of modern discovery and decipherment in the broad field of Oriental archaeology. Mr. Sayce's work will be the more appreciated by this class of students inasmuch as it is, so far as we know, the only one of its kind accessible to English readers. That it has been well done we need hardly say. Qure Tounis Colledge. By John Harrison. (Blackwood.) Mr. Harrison has done well to republish in the form of a little volume the sketches of the foundation and early history of the University of Edinburgh which he conti buted to the Scotsman newspaper on the occa sion of the tercentenary celebration. They are much better written, much more clearly the result of painstaking investigation, and much less "sketchy" than papers of the kind usually are. Besides, Mr. Harrison has obviously had a special object in writing them. If he did not, in the first instance, intend them to be a direct counterblast to Sir Alexander Grant's portly Story of Edinburgh University, his purpose was to indicate more clearly than Sir Alexander has done the part played by the citizens of Edinburgh during the early history of their "Tounis colledge" three hun

dred years ago. Apart from the controversy
about "the lost charter," of which he takes a
different view from Sir Alexander, Mr. Harri-
son certainly makes good the claim of the en-
lightened civic authorities of Edinburgh, whose
"director" in things both spiritual and secular
was Knox, to be considered the founders of
the university.
account of the rise of the medical school of
He gives an interesting
Edinburgh, and very agreeable pictures in the
Robert Chambers vein of the city in the days
of Carstares and Robertson.

occasion to two other publications-a reprint
THE Edinburgh tercentenary has also given
of an historical sketch of the university, origin-
ally published by the late Principal Lee in 1840
(Edinburgh: David Douglas); and Viri Illustres
(Edinburgh: Pentland), which is a collection
of short biographical notices of men connected
with the university. The printing and general
appearance of both little volumes deserve
commendation.

From the Spanish, by Clara Bell. (Trübner.)
Trafalgar a Tale. By B. Perez Galdós.
Señor Perez Galdós is the Erckmann-Chatrian
of Spain, and this is the first novel in the long
series of the "Episodios Nacionales." In works
of this kind we do not look for the highest
event which fills the crowded canvas hardly
polish of art; the rapid movement of external
leaves space for subtle analysis of character or
for philosophical reflection; only the salient
traits of each personage can be marked out, and
these must often be exaggerated. It is sufficient
if the verisimilitude be such as we meet with in
the better cartoons of Punch, where the sub-
stantial likeness is preserved under all varieties
of dress and distortion. Battles and political
events are not described from the point of view
of the strategist or of the statesman; the im-
pression sought to be created is rather that
given by the most able of the war correspond-
ents of the present day. Judged thus, although
hardly equal to his French prototypes, Perez
Galdós may fairly claim success.
cannot be deemed one of his highest works-
If Trafalgar
indeed, no one of the "Episodios" equals the
best of his other novels-it is peculiarly inter-
esting to Englishmen. It is written with true
dignity; there is nothing in it of the bitterness
of wounded vanity, like the everlasting French
cry of "perfide Albion." Full justice is done to
the skill and courage of Nelson, and to the
humanity of the victors; while English readers
may learn, perhaps for the first time, what the
intrepidity of Spanish admirals
fighting under a leader whom they distrusted,
in a cause really alien to their hearts, went to
the combat with ships unprepared and crews
untrained, and died nobly for their country's
honour. A false note, in which the design of a
future steam and ironclad navy is put into the
mouth of a braggart and a liar, somewhat mars
the conclusion; but the other characters, though
hastily sketched, are good conventional types of
the Spaniards of their day.

was who,

The Century Guild Hobby Horse. (Orpington: G. Allen.) There may reasonably be some difference of opinion as to Mr. Ruskin's recent utterances. But it has always been possible to There is no imaginable method, however, in gather an idea of what he would be about. the madness of some of his later followers. he affectation

of these

persons seems

to be only commensurate with their ignor-
ance and their conceit with their incapacity.
The most extraordinary exhibition of all four
qualities that has yet come to our know-
ledge appears in the first page of the periodical
bearing the above title.
veying the faintest idea of the contents of this
We despair of con-
strange publication.
of about a hundred pages, adorned with
It is a large quarto
illustrations conceived in imitation of Blake,

401

The

and containing prose and verse in large type, and with prodigious margins. The publication appears to be edited by Mr. Arthur H. Mackmurdo, and that gentleman's name is almost the only one that appears in its pages. It appears at least ten times. would be that the prose is nearly all by one Our guess editor tells us that he purposely avoids "loud hand, and the verse by another hand. trumpet-blast of great names; thinks it is due to his poet to hold back his moreover, he name until "his whole self has sought and of form, save in a few instances of the Shakfound expression." That the verse is destitute sperean sonnet, is the least of its faults. It is destitute of brains, whatever" may lie judiciously hidden in its anonymity. great name We suppose that it affects to deal, through the channel of human passion, with great psychological problems. It does not touch them. It is surely time that this sort of literary nakedness should be called by its proper name. A longinstalment of such nonsense. suffering public could hardly tolerate another

Merchant of Venice into Modern Greek—'O'Europos Ts Beverías-has now been published at Athens MR. BIKELAS' promised translation of The which the translator has already made by his (Koromelas), and fully sustains the reputation tells us in his Preface that he hesitated long versions of Shakspere's principal tragedies. He before attempting one of the comedies, because he was strongly impressed with the difficulty which one people finds in appreciating the humour of another. That this difficulty exists is unquestionable; in order to see it, we have only to compare the satirical newspapers of the and to observe how widely different is their various countries of Europe with one another, estimate of what is amusing. Indeed, we are disposed to regard it as one of the strongest et son Ile to be a critic of English life and character, that he is able fully to appreciate Punch. proofs of the fitness of the author of John But, notwithstanding this difficulty, there are excellent translations of Pickwick both in French

and Gerrian; and in all humour which has a typical character, and is not simply burlesque to everyone. Of Shakspere's comedies this is or drollery, there is something which appeals especially true; and, besides this, they are to

The real test of the

so great an extent melodramas that the comic
portion forms only one element in them, though
a very important one.
translator's success in this instance will be the
Athenian audience when it is put upon the
reception which the play meets with from an
stage. So far as a reader can judge, Mr. Bikélas
about running away from his master, and the
seems to have triumphed over his difficulties;
for instance, the soliloquy of Launcelot Gobbo
colloquy between him and his father which
such as the trial scene, are very effectively
follows, appear to us to be excellently ren-
dered. The more impressive parts of the play,
given; and, in the notes which are appended
himself to be familiar with the latest Shak-
at the end of the volume, Mr. Bikélas shows
sperian criticism.

MESSRS. ROUTLEDGE have issued new and Flakes and Little Bird Red, which were originpretty editions of Miss Betham-Edwards' Snow ally published by Messrs. Sampson Low in 1860

and 1862.

MR. BROWNING is being painted by his son,
NOTES AND NEWS.
in all the glory of his scarlet Oxford doctorial
rary Fellow. He sits in one of the old carved
gown, for Balliol College, of which he is an Hono-
of his wife's drawing-room at Florence; and
Italian chairs which we know in the engraving
on the wall is represented a piece of tapestry,

bearing the arms of the Medici, which now published immediately by Messrs. Kegan Paul,
hangs in the poet's drawing-room. The Trench, & Co. Regarding the United States
picture is half-length, of life-size.
as a great alembic into which the emigrant
vessels of Europe are constantly pouring a
vast quantity of unknown, doubtful, and even
raw material of the
explosive matter-the
American race that is yet to be the author
gives his readers a glance at the alchemist's

THE Rev. W. A. Harrison, of the New Shakspere Society's committee, has removed one difficulty out of the way of William Herbert being the "W. H." of Shakspere's Sonnets. This was, that Shakspere would hardly have so strenuously urged a young fellow of eighteen to marry at once. At the society's meeting last Friday night, Mr. Furnivall suggested that search for like in stances of young noblemen's early marriages would show the prevalence of the custom. On Saturday, Mr. Harrison found in the Calendar of State Papers that when William Herbert was only seventeen his parents had negotiated a marriage for him with Bridget de Vere, of the Cecil family; and that Herbert's mother, the Countess of Pembroke, Sir Philip Sidney's sister, was specially anxious for the match. Moreover, the confidential agent and servant of the Earl of Pembroke in the matter was Arthur Massinger, the father of Philip Massinger the dramatist; and thus a link between the Massingers and Shakspere is probably supplied,

home and labours.

MESSRS. LONGMAN's announcements include My Friends and I, by Mr. Julian Sturgis; In the Tennessee Mountains, by Mr. C. E. Cradock; and Stray Shots, being a collection of essays and papers by Sir Edward Sullivan.

MR. BROWNING has accepted in very flattering terms the dedication of Miss Ethel Harraden's setting of his lines in "Paracelsus," book 1, "I go to prove my soul," &c. Her music to his poem Wilt thou change too?" from "James Lee's Wife," is already engraved, and is dedicated to Mr. Furnivall. "The Lost Leader" Miss Harraden is setting for four male voices; and she intends to follow it "P with music for My Star," and the beautifully tender "A Woman's Last Word." THE united Beckford and Hamilton libraries

And here is a brook which runs merrily by,
And sings the carousers a sweet lullaby;
Here posies of violets, purple and white,
And lilies, too, culled by the nymph of the stream,
And red roses mingle with orange-flowers bright;
And piled up in baskets, deliciously gleam;
And cheeses on reed-racks, so crisp and so dry,
And waxen-hued plums that will gladden your
And chestnuts and apples so sweet and so red,

eye,

The choicest of wine and the choicest of bread;
The goddess of plenty, the patron of joy,
And the charms of the Love-god, the amorous boy,
Here bright grapes contrast with the mulberries'
And cucumbers green hang attached to a rush.
blush,
Our guardian's statue, a scythe in his hands—
But nothing to scare the most timorous-stands.
My fat priest, come hither! your donkey is blown,
Pray rest him! I feel for a donkey, I own.
The lizard withdraws to some cooler retreat.

for that in 1598 Shakspere knew the Countess fetched recently under the hammer the total The restless cicala sings shrill in the heat,

of Pembroke no reader of the Sonnets can
doubt who remembers the lines-
"Thou art thy mothers glasse; and she in thee
Calls backe the louely Aprill of her prime."
PROF. MAYOR, of St. John's College, Cam-
bridge, will be obliged by the communication
of any reminiscences of the late Dr. Todhunter,
or of any letters written by him.

DR. A. NEUBAUER, sub-librarian of the Bodleian, was on Wednesday formally appointed Reader in Rabbinical Hebrew at Oxford.

MESSRS. CASSELL & Co. are about to publish a memoir of the late Dr. Humphry Sandwith, C.B., compiled by his nephew, Mr. T. Humphry Ward. Dr. Sandwith left a full autobiography, detailing his adventures in the East and his life at home with great minuteness; and upon this Mr. Ward's one-volume book will be based.

MR. CHARLES MARVIN's new work, The Region of the Eternal Fire, descriptive of his recent journey to the Caspian region a short time ago, will be issued by Messrs. W. H. Allen & Co. in a few days. Besides giving an exhaustive account of the petroleum industry of Baku, the book discusses the Russian position in the Caucasus, the development of Russian trade and political influence in the Caspian region, and the results of the annexation of Merv and Sarakhs. It will be copiously illustrated with twenty maps and sketches of the Caspian region, including maps of Sarakhs. Just now Mr. Marvin's works are attracting considerable notice on the Continent. His Russian Railway to India is being translated into French and German, his Baku into German, and his Annexation of Merv into Russian. A German edition is also projected of The Region of the Eternal Fire. When this work appears Mr. Marvin will have published altogether twelve books and pamphlets on Central Asia. MR. J. H. SKRINE has written a little volume of lyrics in commemoration of the tercentenary of Uppingham School, which is to be celebrated at the end of the present month. It will be published by Messrs, Macmillan under the title of Under Two Queens.

A RECORD of the tercentenary festival of Edinburgh University, including the speeches and addresses delivered on the occasion, will be published immediately by Messrs. Blackwood. The volume is edited by Dr. R. Sydney Marsden. Old World Questions and New World Answers is the title of a new book by Mr. Pidgeon, author of An Engineer's Holiday, which will be

sum of £86,444, of which Mr. Bernard Quaritch
alone was responsible for £44,105. Of this
latter amount, again, about one-half repre-
sented Mr. Quaritch's commissions on account
of customers; the other half was added to his
stock, and is now offered by him in a "rough
catalogue" with prices affixed.

A CORRESPONDENT writes from Melbourne :—
"It seems curious to read of a Latin play being
acted in Australia. At Trinity College, the
Church of England college belonging to the
acting the 'Rudens' of Plautus under the title of
Melbourne University, the students have been
'The Shipwreck.' All the spectators, including,
on one evening, three bishops, were of opinion
that the success was decided. The play is not one
much read in England, and there is no edition of
it with English notes. It is said to be nearly a
century since it was acted at Westminster, but a
very clever fishermen's chorus written on that
occasion was used with great effect in Melbourne.
Integer vitae' was sung as the opening hymn in
the Temple of Venus-an anachronism not worse
than some in Shakspere. The old man, Daemones,
acted by Mr. Lewen, was considered the best part
by local critics, but the Argus added, Where
all acted well, it is difficult to decide who should
bear the palm.' Mr. 1). Mackinnon, of New
College, Oxford, an alumnus of Trinity before his
Oxford days, made a very comic Gripus. In the
under a mixed system, and the actors were not
matter of pronunciation Melbourne Latin groans
quite uniform or consistent. The whole credit of
coaching the performance belongs to the Warden,
Mr. Alex. Leeper, of Trinity College, Dublin, and
St. John's, Oxford, whose translation of Juvenal
was reviewed in the ACADEMY last year.
Leeper is soon going to England for a well-
deserved holiday. So far as the college system is
established in the Melbourne University it has been
his work."

Mr.

THE Grand Duke of Hesse has conferred the gold medal for art and science on Mr. Mackenzie, whose Opera "Colomba" was performed with so much applause on the occasion of the wedding of Prince Louis of Battenberg at Darmstadt.

A TRANSLATION.
MY SYRIAN HOSTESS (COPA SYRISCA).
My Syrian hostess stands gracefully there,
A charming Greek turban confining her hair.
There's none that can dance the fandango so well;
And she's dancing to-day is the saucy young belle.
She's dancing at home for the friends that are met,
And blithe as her step sounds the blithe castanet.
"Come enter, my gentles, you would not say nay!
You would not stay out on this hot, dusty day!

Be wise, enter in, and quaff wine at your ease,
From wine-cups of crystal or glass, as you please.
Come! weary one, lay your tired frame 'neath the
vine,

And set on your head yonder garland divine.
There are kisses to gather for those who are bold;
A plague on the frowns that disfigure the old!
What! keep fragrant garlands 'mid ashes to
bloom?
What! yon tender flowers to be culled by the
tomb?

Nay-live we to-day-bring the wine, bring the
dice,

Death twitches our ear and will come in a trice."

H. A. STRONG. Reading Calybita.

OBITUARY.

THE COMTE D'HAUSSONVILLE. THE death is announced of Joseph-OtheninBernard de Clèron, Comte d'Haussonville, the historian, at the age of seventy-five. He was the representative of one of the oldest and wealthiest families of Lorraine; and his father, after being a chamberlain to Napoleon, had died a peer of France. He himself had been intended for diplomacy, and filled various minor posts previous to the fall of LouisNapoleon III. Philippe. But he would not bend the knee to Napoleon I.; and his sturdy opposition to the as his father had done to Second Empire made it impossible for him to continue the diplomatic career, for which his studies and his turn of mind eminently fitted him. Yet had it not been for the leisure thus afforded him, and his marriage with the Princess Louise de Broglie, the grand-daughter of Mdme. de Staël, he would probably never have turned his thoughts to literary pursuits. As it was, all his works treat of questions of foreign policy, and show his interest in the study of foreign affairs. The trustworthiness and value of his three great works-the Histoire de la politique extérieure du gouvernement français de 1830 à 1848 (two volumes, 1850), the Histoire de la réunion de la Lorraine à la France (four volumes, 1854-59), and L'Eglise romaine et le premier Empire (five volumes, 1864-69)—and of the numerous original documents of which he made use, are well known to all historical students; but, from the Very nature of the subjects, the books are general interest is his little pamphlet La France not likely to be widely known. More full of et la Prusse devant l'Europe, in which he examined the questions at issue in the Franco

German War; but it was only of passing interest. By far the most interesting thing he ever wrote was the "Vie de mon père," publisted in his Mélanges et Souvenirs (1878), which possesses a peculiar charm of style, and is worthy to take its place permanently among the smaller masterpieces of modern French literature. In it he sketches to the life his grim old grandfather, Grand Louvetier to Louis XVI., when such a charge was indeed important to the hunting monarch, and of his father swallowing down the disgust of the Faubourg St-Germain, and consenting to be chamberlain to the parvenu Emperor, and, above all, the life of that father when a gay, young emigré in England. His more serious works procured him admission into the Académie française in 1869, in the place of Viennet, the dramatist; and in that capacity he had to receive M. Camille Rousset in 1872 and M. Alexandre Dumas fils in 1876. He was elected a life His death leaves another vacancy among the historians in the Academy; but his career seems likely to be successfully followed by his son, now the Comte d'Haussonville, whose Salon de Madame Necker, which originally appeared in the Revue des Deux-Mondes, has had a great success, and has already been translated into English.

senator in 1878.

H. MORSE STEPHENS.

MAGAZINES AND REVIEWS.

66

Mr. C. Marett's diary of travelling in Switzer-
land half a century ago would prove interesting.
THE current number of the China Review
does not contain so many articles requiring
notice as usual. Mr. Fauvel's paper on Chinese
plants in Normandy, a sketch of the history
of Formosa under the Chinese by Mr. Klein-
wachter, and an anonymous contribution on the
Provincial revenues are the pièces de resistance.
The rest of the number is made up of an article
on the brother of Mencius, by Mr. Arendt, who
contributes also three fables of the pre-Christian
era; a song to encourage thrift, by Mr. Playfair;
continuations of Mr. Dyer Ball's scraps from
Chinese mythology and of M. Pitou's China
during the Tsin dynasty; notices of new
books; and notes and queries.

THE last number of the Revue, internationale
that we have received (April 25) contains
articles on "Mr. W. D. Howells," by Miss
Helen Zimmern, and on "The Languages of
Civilisation," by Mr. W. E. A. Axon, as well
as a London Letter by Dr. Eug. Oswald, who
succeeds Mr. Richard Garnett.
so much that is English we cannot but repeat
our regret that English words and names should
be so shockingly mangled by the printers. The
misprints in French are also more frequent than
they should be.

When there is

SELECTED FOREIGN BOOKS.

GENERAL LITERATURE.

Curvatura delle Linee dell' Architettura antica. Epoca dorico-sicula. Palermo. 100 L.

BOITO, C. Gite di un Artista. Milan: Hoepli. 4 L.

FRIMMEL, Th. Zur Kritik v. Dürer's Apokalypse u.

seines Wappens m. dem Todtenkopfe. Wien:
Gerold's Sohn. 1 M. 20 Pf.
GIORDANO, G. Studi sulla Divina Commedia. Vol. I.
Naples: Furchheim. 5 L.

GONET. G. de. Tableau de la Littérature frivole en
France depuis le XI Siècle jusqu'à nos Jours.
Paris: Marpon 80 fr.

HENNEBERT. L'Europe sous les Armes. Paris:
HUE, F., et G. HAURIGOT.

Jouvet. 3 fr. 50 c.

Paris: Oudin. 3 fr. 50 c.

Nos petites Colonies.
JUNKER V. LANGEGG, F. A. Japanische Thee-Ge-
Volks- u. geschichtl.
Sagen, Legenden u. Märchen der Japanen. 1. Cyklus.

THE new magazine which has been started in BASILE, G. B. F.
Glasgow under the title of Sunday Talk, with
the Rev. W. W. Tulloch as editor, is quite
remarkable for the amount and variety of the
letterpress it gives for twopence. The June
number contains twelve articles, among the
writers being Mrs. Oliphant, Shirley," Mr.
Charles Gibbon, Prof. Nichol, and emeritus
Professor Blackie, who proves how well he
wears his seventy years by singing with all the
enthusiasm of twenty of "Female Beauty."
Mrs. Oliphant begins a new story, "Elinor,'
which threatens to be somewhat pathetic. In
"Another Carlyle Shrine,' Shirley" tells of a
visit he paid to 3 Moray Street, Edinburgh, and
of his finding scratched on a pane of glass cer-
tain lines from the ballad of "Mary Hamilton"
which also appear in Carlyle's Diary under
date December 31, 1823. Mr. Skelton inclines
to believe that they were written by Carlyle, as
during 1823 he lived at 3 Moray Street, and as
the characteristically Carlylian "Oh! foolish
thee" follows the three lines. Mr. Charles
Gibbon "edits" a very charming story by
"Anatole France." Altogether this is a bright
and admirably conducted little monthly.

schichten. Fu-Só Châ-Wa.

Wien: Gerold's Sohn. 8 M.
PLON, E. Benvenuto Cellini: nouvel Appendice aux

recherches sur son Euvre et sur les Pièces qui lui

sont attribuées. Paris: Plon. 10 fr.

RUDOLF. Kronprinz v. Oesterreich, e. Orientreise.
Illustrirt nach Orig. Zeichngn. von F. v. Pausinger.
Wien: Hofdruckerei. 72 M.
THEOCRITE Les Idylles: Traduction de J. A. Guillet.

Paris: Quantin. 19 ir.

HISTORY.

de Frégate sous Louis XIV.

7 fr. 50 c.

BREARD, Ch. Jean Doublet de Honfleur, Lieutenant
Paris: Charavay
DE CAIX DE SAINT-AYMOUR, Le Vicomte de. Notice
sur Hugues de Groot, suivie de Lettres inédites.
Paris: Charavay. 5 fr.
FRANKLIN, A. Les Corporations ouvrières de Paris du
XII au XVIII Siècle. Paris: Firmin-Didot. 12 fr.
HISTORIAE hungaricae fontes domestici. Pars I.
Scriptores. Vol. 3. Chronicon Dubnicense. Leip-
KEHL, L. Das Leben u. die Lehre d. Muhammed.
1. Thl. Das Leben d. Muhammed. Leipzig:
LEROY BEAULIEU. A. Un Homme d'Etat russe: Nicolas
Milutine, d'après sa Correspondance inedite (1855-
72). Paris: Hachette. 3 fr. 50 c
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zig: Brockhaus. 10 M.

Schulze. 6 M.

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SCHROERS, H. Hinkmar, Erzbischof v. Reims. Sein
Leben u. seine Schriften. Freiburg-i-B.: Herder.
10 M.

THE most instructive article in the current number of the Alpine Journal (Longmans) is the Rev. F. F. Tuckett's full, but compressed, "Notes on Corsica." Mr. J. Stafford Anderson's "Schreckhorn by the North-western Arête,' and Mr. C. D. Cunningham's "Decline of Chamonix as a Mountaineering Centre," both of which were read before the Club this year, are, perhaps, more enlivened than necessary by that humour which Mr. Stafford Anderson dreads from Pottinger and other Alpine guides. It may add to the pleasantness of a paper when read, but detracts THURM, A. A. De Romanorum legatis reipublicae from it when printed. Mr. Cunningham's exposure of the effects of the trades-unionism of the Chamonix "Compagnie des Guides," and of the "boycotting" practised by certain hotelkeepers, is well merited, and should be widely known. Tschudi is more generous in his estimate of the Chamonix guides, and gives no fewer than twenty-four names out of the "vielen trefflichen." But Mr. Cunningham's table on p. 463 speaks for itself. There is an appropriate obituary of Sig. Sella, the Italian statesman, as an Alpinist. Fuller extracts from

The parish of Langley-Marish, near Slough, has a small library. Among the books there preserved is an interesting volume of preReformation date, probably the only copy of a Roman Missal of the fifteenth century preserved in an English parish church. The volume is, unfortunately, incomplete, but a careful examination shows it to be the edition in folio printed at Cologne in 1484 by Louis von Renchen. When perfect the volume contained 293 leaves in six parts, printed in black and red, the text in two columns of thirty lines each, with exception of the Canon, which is in two columns of twenty lines each; blank spaces of five or two lines are left for the versals to be added by hand. The leaves are not numbered, and there musical notation. are neither signatures, nor running title, nor

Part i., consisting of the Kalendar, occupies six leaves; part ii., containing the Proper of the Season from Advent to Holy Saturday, 120 leaves; iii., the Canon, eight leaves; iv., the second portion of the Proper of the Season, fifty leaves; v., the Proper of Saints, fifty-four leaves; and vi., the Common of Saints and Votive Masses, fiftyfive leaves. Of these, unfortunately, nine are wanting-viz., ff. 1 (blank), 7, and 92 of part ii.; 1 and 8 of part iii.; 18 of part iv.; and 53, 54, and 55 (blank) of part vi. The colophon is on the verse of the last leaf but one; and, as this edition is unknown to all bibliographers, it may be interesting to give it here from the only other known copy, preserved in the library of of Wolfenbuettel, which copy wants four leaves of part ii. and the whole of part iii. "Finit missale scd'm ordi- | nantiam romane curie. | Impressum p me lodoui | cum de Renchen ciuem Coloniense. Anno a natiuitate dni. Millesimoqua | dringētesimooctuagesi- | motercio. Sexto nonas | Februarij. Deo. Gras.

der ältesten Zeit bis um das J. 1500 n. Chr. Braun- Cologne binding, and in the middle of each The copy at Langley Marish is in its original

schweig: Vieweg. 30 M.

quire is a strip of vellum; thirty-five of these
are cut from an early printed Donatus (?), the
remainder from a MS.

The only other Missal printed by Louis von
Renchen is that of Liége in folio, completed on
July 7, 1486, of which the only known copy is
in the library of the Bollandists at Brussels.
W. H. JAMES WEALE.

THE SPELLING OF WYCLIF'S NAME.
Beckenham: June 2, 1884.

mission:

Can you spare me space for a few notes on the spelling of Wyclif's name in contemporary documents? The earliest are from the muniments at Balliol College, and are to be found in the fourth Report of the Historical MSS. ComA.D. 1360, p. 448, Wyclif; 1361, p. 447, Wycliff, Wykcliff, Wycliff; p. 448, Wycliff. The next set I have verified at the Rolls Office. I regret that I forgot when there to consult the note of advance in Issue Roll 47 Edward III. Issue Roll 48 Edward III., Easter, entry of payment: The name in the margin is "Wyclif," in the body "Wiclif." (As some of your readers may not have examined issue rolls, I may note that margin and body are equally formal and written by the same hand.) Compotus of W., giving account of his expenses in the journey to Bruges: Name occurs only once, Wyclyff." Privy seal 49 Edward III. (9) Confirmation to prebend of Aust, "Wyclif." Of less authority as coming from a copy are the entries in Reg. Bok (Harleian 6592): Appointment to Lutegarshalle, "Wyclif." Licence of non-residence, Wyclefe.' Inquisition as to patronage of Lutterworth, "Wycliff' (bis). Lastly we have the entries in the account of Queen's College, Oxford, which run thus: A.D. 1363, Wiclif; 1365, Wyclive; 1374, Wyclyf, Wyclif, Wyclif, Wiclif; 1380, Wiclif. Reference to the Historical MSS. Commission Report, ii. 141, will show that it is doubtful whether these entries refer to the reformer. Summing up the results we find "Wy" sixteen times against

"Wi" four times; and of these four three are from the doubtful entries in Queen's College

accounts.

With this evidence before us we shall be slow to receive Dr. Buddensieg's dictum issued in his John Wiclif, p. 19 (Fisher Unwin):

PROF. JEBB AND MR. VERRALL.

Queen's College, Oxford: May 31, 1881.

had been surprised, sleeping, by the Popish Irish, were it not for several wrens that just wakened I willingly accept Prof. Jebb's apology in them by dancing and pecking on the drums as the the same spirit as that in which it has been enemy were approaching. For this reason the offered, and only regret that he should not wild Irish mortally hate these birds to this day, have followed the example of his two coadjutors wherever they catch them. They teach their chil. calling them the devil's servants, and killing them in acknowledging the sources of his informa- dren to thrust them full of thorns. You will see tion, or should have thought that the chief sometimes on holidays a whole parish running like questions connected with early Greek archae- madmen from hedge to hedge a wren hunting." ology could be exhausted by a letter and I learn from a relative that twenty years ago a magazine article. This, however, is not surprising, as he still seems to suppose that in the county of Kildare the custom was annually observed on St. Stephen's Day, and my article was merely a "summary" of the that the dead bird was carried, not "between results of others, and that my letter contained only Pischel's etymology of the word Pelasgos. with ribbons" (as described by Prof. Newton), two hoops crossed at right angles and decked I cannot help thinking it a pity that a scholar but tied at the top of a long wand. With this should venture to write on Levantine archae"the wran boys," as they were called, visited ology who has not yet learned to distinguish the houses of the neighbouring gentry and between what is new and what is old in the chanted in a monotonous tone the following statements which he reproduces. lines (written as pronounced):—

Mr. Verrall and I would evidently not agree in our interpretation of an English text. I can assure him that, even after what he now says, I am unable to see that my words "the tale of the phoenix, which he plagiarised from Hekataeos," can mean anything else than the tale which, according to Porphyry, was stolen by Herodotos from the older Greek historian. Herodotos was not charged with having stolen the tale about the phoenix, but only the tale of the phoenix. I cannot think of any other expression that I could have used to convey my meaning, except "description of the phoenix.' This I actually have used only three pages previously, and I use it again in reference to the crocodile and hippopotamus in the very next sentence to the one under dispute. Surely this ought to have been sufficient to show what meaning I attached to the phrase I employed, even apart from my note on the passage to which it referred.

I am very far from thinking that Mr. Verrall has assailed me factiously, or in an unbecoming manner." On the contrary, his are almost the only criticisms of my book which are at first hand, and from which I have received any instruction or benefit; and, though many of them seem to me to be hasty, there are several which I should have made myself had I been allowed to review my own work. What I complain of is that Mr.

"The wran, the wran, the king of all birds, St. Stephen's Day was caught in the furze; Altho' he is little, his family's great,

So pray you, good people, give us a trate." In this way they often collected a good sum, which was spent the same evening on what our Gallic neighbours would term le vin du pays.

J. E. HARTING.

AN EPISODE IN THE MUTINY.
London: May 28, 1881.

While thanking the Saturday Review for a
little book, Fifty-Seven, I wish to comment on
very well-informed and indulgent notice of my
one point as to which the reviewer impugns my
accuracy, in the following words :-
native ex-judge known as the Khán Bahadur of
"Surely Mr. Keene is in error in saying that the
Bareilly made good his escape. To the
best of our recollection the white-haired and
treacherous old scoundrel was subsequently appre
hended and hanged."

de

If the reviewer-who is evidently en pays connaissance-had positively stated, as a fact within his knowledge, that the rebel in question was brought to justice, I should have been inclined to accept the correction. Since, however, he is only writing from recollection, I may be allowed to refer him to Beale's Oriental Biographical Dictionary, a work which I have

"I must not omit to mention with reference to Verrall (like those who have repeated his found singularly accurate on the whole, though

Queen's that it is in the college bills that Wiclif's name for the first time appears in an official document. Eleven years later, in the Royal mandate of July 26, 1374, nominating the Commissioners of the Bruges embassy, it first appears in a public and authoritative document: in both it is spelt Wiclif. In fact this form should settle the much-disputed orthographical question of his name."

It can hardly be said that a college account is more official than a notarial attestation, or that

1363 is earlier than 1360.

I am not eager to insist on any particular form. I prefer to write John (of) Wycliffe, like the village from which he took his name, but in editing his tracts for the Early-English Text Society I thought it better to follow the spelling (Wyclif) used by Shirley and Arnold. This spelling, for similar reasons, was adopted by the Wyclif Society. It seems absurd to make a "much disputed question" as to the right spelling when the varying contemporary use leaves us at liberty to make our own choice. But my spirit revolts at having the law laid down for me in this way, even when the lawgiver condescends from his German heights to instruct us poor Englishmen. And when I see that Canon Pennington has given in to this assumption, and writes "Wiclif" in obedience to the erroneous ruling of Dr. Lechler, I think it time to enter a protest on behalf of our right to spell in accordance with the chief weight of contemporary authority, and with the correlative place-name. F. D. MATTHEW,

criticisms) has first read his own meaning into
my words without trying to find out what it
was that I really meant, and has then pro-
ceeded to controvert it. Inaccuracies can
easily be found in an author who is treated in
this fashion.

Like Mr. Verrall, I do not intend to write
again on a subject of which the public must
now be heartily tired. Those who wish to
know the latest results of Oriental research,
and what I believe to be their bearing on the
earlier portion of Herodotos, must refer to my
book. I am content to wait for the verdict
which I am convinced must eventually be
given in re Herodoti. As an eminent Egypt-
ologist writes to me: Courage, my friend, the
future is with us."
A. H. SAYCE.

HUNTING THE WREN.

London: June 2, 1884.

In his interesting account of this curious
custom published in the ACADEMY of May 24,
Prof. Newton says: "It seems to have been
first noticed by Charles Smith in his State of the
County of Cork (ii., p. 334, note), published in
1750.' An earlier notice than this may be
found in Aubrey's Miscellanies, the first edition
of which was printed in 1696. After referring
to the last battle fought in the North of Ireland
between the Protestants and the Papists, at
Glinsuly, near Letterkenny, he adds:-
"Near the same place, a party of the Protestants

not equal, perhaps, to all the demands of
modern scholarship. This is what Mr. Beale
says, in voce, at p. 173 of his Dictionary:—
Khán, son of Jalál-ud-din or Zulfikar Khán, son
"MASRUF, poetical title of Nawab Khán Bahadur
rebelled against the British in 1857, and conse-
of Hafiz Rahmat Khán, of Bareilly.
quently was obliged to leave his native country
and go to Mecca."

He

The official Narrative makes no mention to the
contrary. And Mr. Beale, who lived till 1875,
had lost his eldest son in the Bareilly rebellion.
He was second master of the college, and was
put to death, by Khán Bahadur's orders, on
June 3. Knowing what Asiatics feel on such
subjects, I should be disposed to say that Mr.
Beale is very unlikely to have displayed negli-
gence in following the fate of the murderer of

his son.
Mr. Beale in spite of his name-
was a native historian to all intents and pur-
poses, and is so described in Dowson's Elliot,
the exact facts, but I fear he is not in Europe.
vol. viii., p. 441. Mr. John Inglis would know

H. G. KEENE.

STERNROYD."

London: June 2, 1881.

The origin and meaning of this name of one of the most promising of our young actors had exercised me much since I first heard it. Stern was the German "star; "but how came the royd of Akroyd, &c., tacked to it? what could it mean?

I was fairly puzzled. Last Sunday I chanced great part the product of Latin culture; and
to meet the lively and accomplished owner of he therefore devotes the opening pages of his
the name, and at once asked him what country-work to a rapid but comprehensive sketch of
man he was, and what his name meant. I'll
the Latin literature in which the Anglo-
tell you," said he. "It is necessary for an
Saxon writers found their inspiration and
actor to have a distinctive name, something their models. He points out that when the
that everyone will know him by. My own
name wasn't of this kind; so when I left the stream of culture, which descended from the
bank I was in, and took to the stage, I resolved ancient world, and which employed the
to rename myself. I was a great admirer of Greek language as its vehicle, had in Italy
Sterne, and I therefore determined to start
come to an end in the confusion which
my new name with Stern-. Dale suggested followed the Great Plague of A.D. 166, the
itself as a continuation; was there not a Stern-void thus created was supplied by the rise
dale Bennett? But as I walked down Alders- of a new Latin literature, owing little to
gate Street one afternoon I saw over a shop; classical precedent, and principally deriving
W. Royd, grocer.' 'That's my termination,'
said I; 'Sternroyd's my name.' And it has been its inspiration from the translations of the
ever since. I venture to say that it's no one Christian scriptures. It was on this literature
else's in the wide world. But what Royd that the nascent intellectual life of England
means, I leave you to find out. In the North, was nourished. Prof. Earle briefly passes
the land of -royds, they told me it was 'road.'"
in review the most important of the literary
By the inventor's leave, I give his statement works of this epoch, and shows how largely
here, pleading only that larks of this kind are
their matter and spirit were reproduced, first
hard on humble crackers of etymological
in the Latin writings of Englishmen like
Aldhelm, Baeda, and Alcuin, and afterwards
in the vernacular literature which is the
special subject of his book. The genuinely
native element in the Anglo-Saxon literature
appears to be inadequately noticed in the
introductory chapter, but its importance is
fully recognised in the course of the work.

kernels.

F. J. FURNIVALL.

APPOINTMENTS FOR NEXT WEEK.

MONDAY, June 9, 8 p.m. Aristotelian: "Hume's
Position in the English School of Philosophy," by

Mr. E. H. Rhodes.

8.30 p.m. Geographical: "Travel and Ascents in the Himalaya," by Mr. W. W. Graham. TUESDAY, June 10, 8 p.m. Anthropological: "The

Deme and the Horde," by Mr. A. W. Howitt and the Rev. L. Fison; "African Symbolic Language,' by Mr. C. A. Gollmer; "Phoenician Intercourse with Polynesia," by Dr. S. M. Curl.

8 p.m. Colonial Institute: "The Straits Settle

ment and British Malaya," by Sir F. A. Weld. WEDNESDAY, June 11, 8 p.m. Geological.

8 p.m. Microscopical: "The Camera Lucida," by Dr. J. Anthony; Some Phenomena of the Red Blood Corpuscles of Vertebrates, with Reference to the Occurrence of Bacteria normally in Living Animals," by Mr. G. F. Dowdeswell; "A New Constancy of Specific Morphological Characters in

Polarising Prism," by Mr. C. D. Ahrens; "The

the Bacteria," by Mr. G. F. Dowdeswell. THURSDAY, June 12, 5 p.m. Zoological: Davis Lecture, "Hands and Feet," by Prof. Mivart.

8 p.m. Mathematical: "The Induction of Elec

tric Currents in a Cylinder placed across the Lines

of Magnetic Force," by Prof. H. Lamb. FRIDAY, June 13, 8 p.m. Quekett.

8p.m. New Shakspere: "Shakspere's Sonnets,"

II., by Mr. T. Tyler.

9 p.m. Royal Institution: "Researches on Liquefied Gases," by Prof. Dewar. SATURDAY, June 14, 3 p.m. Physical: "The Velocity of ratus for Colour Combinations," by Mr. Hoffert.

SCIENCE.

Anglo-Saxon Literature. By John Earle. (S. P. C. K.)

Creator," respecting which Ettmüller rather amusingly remarks that its "soporiferous style confirms the traditional statement that it was composed in a dream.

Prof. Earle furnishes some specimens of the In the chapter on "The Schools of Kent' interesting remains of the Kentish dialect, and adduces reasons for supposing that there may have been some slight survival of Roman culture through the Jutish conquest, and that the adoption of the Roman alphabet by the conquerors may date from a time preceding their conversion to Christianity. The author next treats of "The Anglian Period," giving an account of the Latin writings which issued from Northumbria during the seventh and eighth centuries, when that kingdom was the principal seat of literary activity in Europe. In connexion with this period Prof. Earle discusses the poems on Scripture history which have in modern times been ascribed to Cadmon. Although these writings belong to a later age, they doubtless contain important elements derived from the Northumbrian school of poetry of which Cadmon is the representative. Prof. Earle's illustrative specimens are here, as throughout the work, extremely well chosen, and he has generally succeeded in avoiding the most hackneyed passages. In the translations he has had the good sense to employ idiomatic modern English, instead of following the common fashion of rendering the Anglo-Saxon words by their etymological equivalents—a practice which encourages that fallacy of quaintness" which is such a serious obstacle to the true appreciation of our older literature.

66

One of the most valuable portions of Prof. Earle's book is the second chapter, on "The Materials," which gives a full account of the manner in which the treasures of AngloSaxon literature have been preserved, with interesting notices of the eminent men who have laboured in their collection and interpretation. In the same chapter the author directs attention to the important The author next deals with "The Primary illustration which the literature receives Poetry," by which he means the poetry which from inscriptions, from the remains of con- is most purely of native origin, as distintemporary English art, and from the results guished from that which markedly betrays of the examination of burial mounds. When the influence of foreign culture. It would speaking of the inscriptions, Prof. Earle have been better if he had given some account somewhat disappoints our expectations by of the formal characteristics of the Anglopassing over the Ruthwell runes as being a Saxon poetry, instead of passing over the sub'belonging rather to grammar than Sound in Tubes," by Mr. Blaikley; "A New Appa- subject too long for discussion in his limited ject as space. From his remarks on the Vercelli to literature." Of "Beowulf" a long analysis Codex, however, it would appear that he is given which is thoroughly spirited and regards the West-Saxon form of the Rood-readable. It is satisfactory to observe that poem as the original, and as being, like the other poems in the same MS., the work of Cynewulf. This view, taken in connexion with Prof. Earle's (or Kemble's) theory respecting Cynewulf's date, involves the difficult conclusion that the Ruthwell Cross belongs to the tenth or the eleventh century. It seems scarcely possible to interpose three hundred years between this monument and the strikingly similar relic at Bewcastle, which is referred, by its inscription, to the first year of Ecgfrith, A.D. 670. There does not appear to be any fatal objection against assigning to Cadmon the authorship of the "Dream of the Holy Rood." The epigraph on the top-stone of Most of the strictly popular works on this the Ruthwell Cross, however, which has been subject are open to the objection that they relied upon as establishing this conclusion, is treat the Anglo-Saxon literature as if it were rather an embarrassment than a help, since a phenomenon standing apart, and as if its the most natural interpretation of the formula characteristic features were due to no other is that "Cadmon" was the name of the causes than the individual genius of the sculptor of the monument, and not that of the writers and the intellectual type of the author of the verses carved upon it. If Cadnation to which they belonged. From this mon be really the author of this striking fault Prof. Earle's little book is entirely free. poem, we can account for Baeda's high estimate The author rightly lays stress on the fact that of his genius. The only other genuine relic the early literature of our ancestors was, like of the voluminous works of the Northumbrian the other vernacular literatures of Europe, in bard is the well-known "Hymn to the

THE importance of this little volume is not to be estimated by its size. Within the narrow limits of space allotted to one of the Christian Knowledge Society's handbooks, Prof. Earle has succeeded in writing an account of Anglo-Saxon literature which is not only thoroughly readable, but also better fitted than any other single work to convey to the ordinary reader a correct notion of the extent and character of that literature, of its historical relations, and of the causes to which its special peculiarities are to be assigned.

Prof. Earle does not accept the baseless notion
so commonly expressed with regard to the
primeval antiquity of this poem, but refers
it to the beginning of the tenth century.
There can be little doubt that this date is at
least sufficiently early. The minor poems of
the "primary "class are referred to more
summarily. An extract is given from the
interesting, but unfortunately mutilated,
poem of "The Ruined City," the subject of
which, as Prof. Earle was the first to show,
is the Roman city of Bath. In his account
of the poem which he calls "The Minstrel's
Consolation," Prof. Earle adopts the view that
Deor is the name of the author of the piece.
It is much more probable that the soliloquy is
dramatic, and that "Deor, the bard of the
Heodenings," was
a personage of ancient
legend. Prof. Earle omits to mention the
interesting illustration which this poem
receives from Old-Northern and German
sources. The Brunanburh ballad is repre-
sented by two stanzas from the rather languid
version of the Poet Laureate. The specimen
given of the Maldon ballad-one of the finest
things in the whole poetical literature-is
decidedly inadequate. In the translation, by-