and the etymological glossary, deserve almost unqualified praise, and may be commended to the notice of those scholars who are disposed to minimise the extent of Danish influence on English dialects. The Appendix on Lincolnshire surnames is not equally satisfactory. The etymology of surnames cannot be safely discussed without a constant use of documeltary evidence, and many of the names in Mr. Streatfeild's list appear to be importations from other counties. It is rather curious to d the Cornish name of Trevethick provided with a Danish etymology. It would be easy to make a long list of errors of detail in Mr. Streatfeild's book; but these faults are, after all, of small importance in comparison with the solid qualities of the work, which deserves a hearty welcome not only from the people of Lincolnshire, but from all who are interested in English philology and history. HENRY BRADLEY. Camping among Cannibals. people depend for their drinking supply on but besides this supply the natives very cleverly avail themselves of the peculiarities of the palms to catch and store the rains. Nearly all the palm stems are curved; and some of them which are very much so are selected, and in the base, which is frequently very thick, they form first in the hollow a great hole that will hold six or eight gallons, according to the size of the tree. The rain collects on the bent leaves of the palm and runs down the little channels they make on the trunk into the receptacle; this, when filled, they cover over thickly with leaves, and the water keeps fresh and sweet a very long time, and seemingly no injury is done to the tree." a different and much thing valuable in them, and omitted when We have especially to be thankful for the fifth volume, called "Johnsoniana," in which a quantity of matter is collected throwing much light on the biography, taken from books which, to use a Coleridgean phrase, are as good as MS.," being, though printed volumes, long forgotten, or practically inaccessible to ordinary readers. One duty of the modern biographer is to examine the mythic element which surrounds every hero, and to sift the evidence of apocryphal sayings and anecdotes. There are more of these recorded of Johnson than of most men. Thus, to begin early, the story of the epigram on the duck, related without misgiving by Mrs. Piozzi, is rejected by Boswell, and the attendance on Sacheverel's preaching is denied by Croker. The present editor is loth to give up this latter story; but, as Johnson could have been but nine months old when it took place, if it ever happened at all, it is an example of early devotion to the Church only exceeded by In Samoa, as in Tonga, the author made many warm, if sudden, and perhaps fleeting, native friendships, and visited the hostile camps into which (as if the extinction of their race did not go on rapidly enough) the country is unhappily divided; and he gives a touching account of the character and subsequent death of an Englishman, an honour to his race, who By Alfred St. had gone to live in Tonga in search of health. Travelling among these gentle Polynesians, however, is an easy matter; but his advenTHE author of this unpretending little volume, turous walk, without even an interpreter, a young traveller with an equipment of the slightest, and a costume (certainly by his of Viti Levu was across the mountains in the great islan 1 own account) of the lightest, description, gives more arduous affair. Here he very posus, nevertheless, an amusing, life-like, and insibly was "camping among cannibals," telligent narrative of a cruise among the three though this is by no means proved. Pacific groups-Tonga, Samoa, and Fiji- At all events he was, on one occasion, in which are so closely related in a geographical, imminent apprehension of being eaten, and but, unfortunately for the two first, not in a political sense. probably did not at the moment appreciate as The love of alliteration, how-much as he does in the abstract the wild ever, does not justify the libel contained in poetry of the system! But the adventure, future biographer, peeping about Johnson's his title, at least as regards Tonga and Samoa, besides being well told, is important as re-books, once lit upon two MS. quarto volumes and may even call out a protest from the lating to a part of the colony very different decorous Wesleyans of Fiji, though some of to the rest, and almost unknown. them are said to regret the good old times, and it is possible that the practice still exists among the independent hill tribes in Viti Levu. COUTTS TROTTER. The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D.; together that mediaeval saint who could not be induced Readers of Boswell will remember how the We of autobiography, into which, as we might expect, he looked. Boswell thought of stealing them, regarding it doubtless as pious a fraud as ever monk did the "conveying" of a relic to his own monastery. Had he done So, and had the theft remained undetected at The chief value of the book, perhaps, conthe time, posterity might have forgiven him, sists in the accuracy with which the writer for they were afterwards burned by Johnson. has seized the spirit of native life, its essential A fragment, however, was preserved, became amiability, or, at all events, amiable desire the property of Wright, of Lichfield, and was to please and to be pleased, its courtesy, its by him published in 1805. Mr. Napier gives childish naturalness, ease, and freedom. He Ir is now more than fifty years since the first this fragment entire; it has a curious interest. kw little of the language, but by entering appearance of Croker's edition of Boswell; There are some small further details about into their feelings-no difficult task, with the and it was therefore high time that a work the "touching" by Queen Anne, particulars pathy he amusingly avows, boy-like, which has taken a permanent place among the of books learned at school, and memories for the noble savage existence he was classics of our language should once more of certain aunts and uncles. Uncle Harrison at once taken into intimacy. This sym- claim that attention, and submit to that will probably be new to the reader. pathy leads him to an indiscriminate (but no criticism, which a new edition produced by a could wish for more about Uncle and Cousin doubt unreflecting) condemnation of mission-competent editor is always sure to provoke. Ford, who were characters in their way. Of aries. It must be admitted, however, that in All "good Boswellians," as Macaulay calls the latter there is a good story told by Murphy Tonga the Wesleyan domination takes an un- them, as well as those who desire to make to be found in vol. v. Ford was chaplain to lovely, if not offensive, form, while the con- acquaintance with a famous book, will accord-Lord Chesterfield, and asked to accompany unding, in their legislation, of sins-often ingly welcome this appearance of the re- his patron on his embassy to the Hague. ite conventional with crimes leads, as that nowned biography in so handsome a form, "You should go," said the peer, has always done elsewhere and on a larger scale, and with notes and other illustrative matter many vices you would add one more. 'Pray, to hypocrisy or recklessness. His account of of so valuable a kind. my lord, what is that?" "Hypocrisy, my the voyage, in no ordinary passenger-ship, but The present work is a model of good dear doctor." One thinks of Bassanio's a very rough schooner, and of his intercourse editing. We have the text as Boswell and scruples about taking Gratiano with him to with the people, and his enthusiasm at the Malone left it, without the division into Belmont. world of beauty which these islands chapters subsequently introduced; short, but ened to him, are each good in their way, clear, Appendices discuss difficult or disputed sh and amusing. If sometimes at a loss questions; the notes are brief and always to want of previous knowledge, he always the point. The editor is above the weakness keps his eyes open. Thus he describes a of unduly depreciating a predecessor, and practice not generally known for supple-freely admits Croker's merits; but the latter's enting the water supply. Many of these long and gossiping notes are "smeltedness, but we are not told much of that as we know, have none, and the down," as Carlyle says, when there is any- long period of obscurity in London before he islands, "if to your แ "He did not delight in talking much of his family," says Mrs. Piozzi. "One has," said he, so little pleasure in reciting the anecdotes of beggary." In this very fragment there are some affecting proofs of his mother's devotion recorded with loving minute . emerged into the full light in which we see him as a well-known author and the friend of the Thrales and of Boswell. Gladly would we learn more of his Oxford life in that "nest of singing birds." Their songs are rather faint now-at Pembroke. For that "vicious man, but very kind to me," Harry Harvey, and for that "good hater" Bathurst, who was 66 a man to my very heart's content -he hated a fool, and he hated a rogue, and he hated a Whig," the editor has done what little he could in a note. Johnson was singularly fortunate in his female friendships. Of this we have ample proofs in the volume of "Johnsoniana," which is appropriately edited by a lady. Here is not only Mrs. Piozzi's delightful little volume printed entire, but also extracts from the Letters of Hannah More and from the Diary of Mdme. d'Arblay, besides Mrs. Hill Boothby's Letters and some "Recollections by Miss Reynolds. A man must have had high qualities of heart, as well as of head, to have attracted such regard from such women, especially when we remember that, though "To hinder your death or to procure you a dinner-I mean if really in want of one-his earnestness, his exertions, could not be prevented, though health, and purse. and ease were all destroyed by their violence. If you wanted a slight favour you must apply to people of other dispositions, for not a step would Johnson move to obtain a man a vote in a society, to write a letter of request, or to obtain a hundred a-year more for a friend who had already two or three." In like manner he would answer at length and patiently questions put with honest desire for information, but cut foolish questions short indeed, as when talk, but were meant to be printed in grave political pamphlet. After this, few will question Macaulay's judgment on Johnson's political wisdom, or be surprised that his aid was not more sought after to support Ministers with his pen. Of Boswell, Campbell has no high opinion, and quotes Langton as saying that "Boswell's conversation consists entirely in asking ques tions, and it is extremely offensive." He describes, moreover, the animosity between Boswell and Baretti, and how “Murphy and Mrs. Thrale agreed that Boswell expressed a hope that Baretti should be hanged on that unfortunate affair"—a wish that Boswell was probably careful not to express before Johnson, who was active in Baretti's behalf, though be has left on record the well-known opinion, that if Baretti were hanged none of the friends who had made such efforts to save him would "eat a slice of pudding the less "—a charac teristic way of estimating the depth of their grief. In conclusion should be noticed the illus trations, which are numerous and interesting generally courteous to ladies, he did not con- Johnson, would you advise me to marry?' 'I-faces preserved by Reynolds' art, and views fine his rough sayings to his own sex, and that he sometimes treated women in a way that might be described as brutality tempered with compliments. Thus he says of Hannah More, in her presence, "It is dangerous to say a word of poetry before her; it is talking other time he "was really angry with" her for admitting having read Tom Jones, saying that "this is a confession that no modest lady of the art of war before Hannibal." At an would make." Carlyle has a few words in favour of poor Mrs. Johnson, who has met with hard treatment from both Boswell and Macaulay; and he justly praises her for seeing Johnson's merits in spite of his poverty and his unprepossessing exterior. But the same good fortune attended him through life, and many ladies saw Othello's visage in his mind, which a young gentleman called to him suddenly, and I suppose he thought disrespectfully, Mr. would advise no man to marry, sir, who is not likely to propagate understanding -an argument that would be a powerful weapon for Malthusians. A part of this volume that will be new to almost all readers is Dr. Campbell's Diary, carefully described as the "Irish Dr. Campbell," to distinguish him from another person of the and seems to have made a favourable impressame name. He met Johnson several times, sion on him. His description of the sage's appearance justifies a passage in Macaulay's short Life that has often been censured as a caricature: of places mentioned in the text, together with many facsimiles of handwriting. Of these of the Doctor in the summer-house at the prettiest is certainly the charming picture Streatham, and the most curious the repro duction by photography of the famous Round Robin, which brings us as near to the original as it is possible for art to do. H. SARGENT. CURRENT LITERATURE. IF any of our readers desire to know what can be effected by the Modern-Greek language as a vehicle of poetry, we recommend them to study 'Artides aupai, a volume of miscellaneous poems by Georgios M. Bizyenos (Trübner). The subjects with which it deals are very sometimes bright, though more often melanvaried, for it contains love-poems and songs, choly; narrative, imaginative, and dedicatory "He has the aspect of an idiot, without the is so far to Othello's credit. Few husbands would say sharper things to their wives than were often taken meekly by Mrs. Thrale from Johnson, and few wives ever showed more patience with uncomfortable habits and fre-ness of manner kept pace with that." quent complainings. He would insist on her sitting up to make tea till four in the morning, 66 nor was it an easy matter to oblige him even by compliance, for he always maintained that no one forebore their own gratifications for the sake of pleasing another, and if one did sit up it was probably to amuse oneself." When at last he did go to bed, Johnson would run the risk of setting himself and the house on fire by reading there, and then "would not rise in the morning till twelve o'clock, perhaps, and oblige me to make breakfast for him till the bell rang for dinner, though much displeased if the toilet was neglected, and though much of the time was spent in blaming and deriding, very justly, my neglect of economy, and waste of that money which might make many families happy." But this was part of that peculiarity of Johnson's character which made him, who was so tender to great distress, singularly indifferent to what he regarded as trifling sufferings. Himself familiar with the great sorrows of life-poverty, sickness, the loss by death of those he loved he had little patience with Johnson favoured Campbell with some of his well-known opinions about the Scotch and the Americans, and with some not very acceptable to his hearer about the Irish. Carlyle might have been pleased to find that his admiration of Cromwell's Irish policy was anticipated by Johnson, who says: "Sir, you do owe allegiance to the British Parliament as a conquered nation, and had I been Minister I would have made you submit to it. I would have done as Oliver Cromwell did; I would have burned your cities and wasted you in the flames of them." They talked freely of Taxation no Tyranny, then a subject of general interest; and Campbell tells us that "Johnson said the first thing he would do [to the Americans] would be to quarter the army on their cities; and, if any refused free quarter, he would pull down that person's house, if it was joined to other houses, but would burn it if it stood alone. This and other schemes he proposed in the MS. of Taxation no Tyranny, but these he said the Ministry expunged," which is not surprising. These sentiments, it may be observed, were not mere post-prandial author has a delicate feeling for rhythm, and adapts his metres skilfully to the ideas he desires to express; and he has availed himself to the full of the facilities for rhyme which the language offers, for in this respect it is hardly inferior to the Italian. The great majority of familiar Romaic, which, from its simplicity and these compositions are written in the old naturalness, is especially suited for poetry; but the sonnets and a few other poems for which greater refinement of diction is required are in the more polished Neo-Hellenic. They are graceful and pleasing throughout, while many are very pathetic, and some highly imaginative. Among the pathetic pieces we may mention scription of a wanderer sleeping under the open especially those entitled 'H vùè̟ Toû žévov, a desky in a foreign land; To Touyou, the dow that has lost its mate; and the "Elegy on the able group are those which, in a wide sense of the little Xanthe." But perhaps the most remarkterm, we have called allegories, as they deal in various ways with the sympathy between man and nature-being either descriptions of human feelings by analogies drawn from animals and inanimate objects, or parables from nature, or allegorical representations of natural phenomena. Some of these last turn on familiar mythological ideas, though they are presented in a manner the reverse of commonplace; but others are more original. Thus the formation of rain is described as the clouds, the daughters of ocean, wandering with their urns through the fields of air, to water the heavenly flowers which they desire to entwine in their hair, when suddenly the winds, the sons of the mountains, sally forth to capture them, and disperse them hither and thither, and cause them to let fall that which they are carrying. Similarly, the origin of the waves and the mountains is referred to a strife between sea and land at the creation, when the waters rose to overwhelm the land, and the earth in turn called forth the mountains that were sleeping below the surface to drive back the sea, until God set them both their bounds which they should not pass. In some cases the very concrete form which these descriptions take appears somewhat harsh to a Western imagination, as when the evening is represented as welcoming the sun at the end of his day's journey, and wiping the sweat from his brows, and setting a meal before him, and stroking his hair, while the stars with their torches steal across on tiptoe from east to west, and peep over the horizon to watch them. We cannot help feeling, as we write this, that injustice is done to a graceful poem by its contents being thus expressed in plain but we remember at the same time how prose; ideally a similar scene has been treated by Tennyson in his "Tithonus." Perhaps it is the same cause which now and then brings Mr. Bizyenos dangerously near to bathos-e.g., in the last two lines on pp. 78 and 121; and though there is no practical suggestion that we welcome more readily than that of planting trees in Greece, yet we doubt whether it is quite in place when introduced as the moral of an imaginative poem on p. 14. We must also express our disapproval of the author's practice of extending some of the lines in his sonnets to twelve syllables; for this, as it seems to us, is an unwarrantable liberty to take with a form of poem which depends, beyond all others, on the observance of strict rules. But these are slight blemishes in a collection of poems of unusual merit. In respect of its externals the volume is as elegant as is its contents, for it is printed in large type on pages with rough edges, and is bound in the most correct parchment. whose speeches are worth collecting and trans- of England: the Lunacy Laws at Work, by The Humour and Pathos of Charles Dickens; Little Essays: Sketches and Characteristics, And I save it, be it little or much." THE next volume in the series entitled "The Dawn of European Literature (S. P. C. K.), which was so excellently begun by Mr. Morfill's Slavonic Literature, will be Anglo-Saxon Literature, by the Rev. F. Earle, Rawlinsonian Professor of Anglo-Saxon at Oxford. Prof. Earle is also engaged, together with Mr. Plummer, of Corpus Christi College, in preparing a volume of selections from Anglo-Saxon Charters. Begun as a class-book, it is hoped that this will serve in some measure as a critical introduction to the whole body of Anglo-Saxon "diplo matic "literature. DR. GEORGE MACDONALD has written an introductory essay and critical notes for a text of the First Folio of "Hamlet" which is to be published shortly by Messrs. Longmans. alike be interested to learn that an English SCHOLARS, artists, and men of letters will translation from the third edition of Connelis The Sea, the River, and the Creek: a Series of Vosmaer's aesthetic novel Amazone will shortly Sketches of the Eastern Coast. By Garboard be issued by Mr. T. Fisher Unwin, with the Streyke. (Sampson Low.) To avoid all appear- frontispiece specially drawn for the original ance of rivalry, the author dedicates his book, Dutch edition by Mr. L. Alma Tadema and the w. Clark Russell. It is left to his critics to German edition. "with sincere respect and admiration," to Mr. Preface written by Prof. Georg Ebers for the The author is already well say that, in enthusiastic sympathy for the hard known by his work on Rembrandt; while, as a life of sailor and fisher, and even in vivid word-proof of the favour with which his Amazone painting, Mr. "Garboard Streyke" does not has been received, we may mention that it has Khedives and Pashas: Sketches of Contem- come badly out of the inevitable comparison. already been translated into French and porary Egyptian Rulers and Statesmen. By But they must also tell him that he has yet German, and that an Italian edition is being One Who Knows Them Well. (Sampson Low.) something to learn as regards literary composi- prepared. To those behind the scenes it would not be tion. Mr. W. Clark Russell can occasionally difficult to name the author of this seasonable become tedious in his full-length novels, as and entertaining book, which embodies in the readers of Longman's Magazine do not need to Ease of personal anecdotes the key to the be told; but his short yarns are pre-eminently Egyptian Question. The author, who has fully characterised by "the soul of wit." If Mr. justified the description he gives of himself, "Garboard Streyke" had only aimed at more Posesses keen discernment, a good heart, and a conciseness, and avoided an excess of circumready pen. No one who takes up the volume locutory description, we should have nothing ill lightly lay it down again until he has but praise for this little volume, which is, at all finished it; and there could be no more profit-events, well worth the shilling asked for it. All employment at the present time for our -liant politicians. Stops; or, How to Punctuate: a Practical MR. CHARLES MARVIN'S illustrated pamphlet, The Russian Annexation of Merv, has passed into a second edition. Messrs. W. H. Allen have also issued in a pamphlet form his lecture at the Royal Aquarium, under the title of 'Russia's Power of seizing Herat and concentrating an Army there to threaten India. Mr. Marvin is making preparations to proceed on another journey to the Caspian region in a few weeks' time. 66 MESSRS. LONGMANS' announcements include The Beaconsfield Birthday-Book, with two por Memories of Canada and Scotland. Speeches natural prejudice against those manuals which traits and eleven views of Hughenden; a selec Verses by the Marquis of Lorne. (Sampson Lw.) The first half of this volume consists of ns by the Marquis of Lorne, the other half of speeches and addresses delivered by him in fada, or connected with his government of dominion. Lord Lorne is a man of cultiva ne and a linguist; he can speak in French and uan, and there is one poem in Gaelic, as to erits of which we confess ourselves unable an opinion. He is an easy and often ful versifier, and never in the present attempts blank verse. In his spirited The Armada Gun," he makes the last ble of Milan long; is it possible that he ounces that town in so very cockney a taging it into the verse? There are few men ? or could he find no other way of profess to teach everything with dogmatic pre- tion of Mr. H. Cholmondeley-Pennell's poems, entitled From Grave to Gay, with an etched portrait; Nineteen Centuries of Drink in England, by the Rev. Dr. R. Valpy French; and a translation, by Lady Claud Hamilton, of Pusteur's Life and Labours. are, after all, rules of convenience, based upon especially of the weaker sex. MR. T. FISHER UNWIN has in the press a new volume of poems by Amy Levy, entitled A Minor Poet, and other Poems. MR. HENRY FROWDE will publish immediately the Maitland prize essay for 1882, which We have received a work entitled The Bastilles was won by Mr. J. Spencer Hill, of St. John's 66 College, Cambridge, with a prefatory note by Lord Justice Fry. The subject is The IndoChinese Opium Trade, considered in Relation to its History, Morality, and Expediency, and its Influence on Christian Missions." MR. G. PHILLIPS BEVAN has in the press a pamphlet entitled The London Water Supply: its Past, Present, and Future. It will be published by Mr. Stanford. The Illustrated Dictionary of Gardening; or, Practical Encyclopaedia of Horticulture, is announced by Mr. Upcott Gill, to be issued in shilling monthly parts. THE first number of the Library Chronicle: a Journal of Librarianship and Bibliography, the new organ of the Library Association of the United Kingdom, is to be published this week. Among the contents will be " Librarianship in the Seventeenth Century," by Dr. Richard Garnett; "The Spread of the Free Public Library Movement in 1883," by Mr. H. R. Tedder; and "Popular Libraries of Paris," by Mr. E. C. Thomas. The Library Chronicle will henceforth be issued on the 15th of each month, at a subscription price of six shillings a year. The publishers are Messrs. Davy, 137 Long Acre. THE article on "The Old College" which appears in the first number of the Glasgow University Review is from the pen of Dr. Russell, medical officer of health for Glasgow. son Easter. finally defeated after her escape from Lochleven Ar Newcastle, too, respect for history has space. THE Bishop of Bedford has arranged for a MEANWHILE, another question analogous to copyright has arisen for discussion. A Bill has been introduced into Congress prohibiting the republication, for a period of twenty-four hours, of news that has been specially acquired The difficulty, of course, is by a newspaper. to define " news "and to prove its originality. MR. DORSHEIMER, the now famous author of the Copyright Bill, has undertaken to write the Life of Martin Van Buren, President of the United States from 1837 to 1841, for the "American Statesmen " series. PROF. F. A. MARCH, of Lafayette College, who is (we believe) Dr. Murray's principal American assistant in the preparation of the New English Dictionary, will be the editor of a new magazine of popular philology, called L guage, printed in the reformed spelling of the English and American Philological Societies THE Swiney prize of £100 in money and s silver cup of the same value has been awarded to Mr. Sheldon Amos for his Systematic View of Jurisprudence. THE Critic of February 23 has a notice of Mrs. Browning's of the first edition Collected Poems published in America, which seems to have appeared earlier than the corresponding English edition. The full title-page is as follows:-" A Drama of Exile: and other Poems. By Elizabeth Barrett Barrett, author New York: Henry G. Langley, No. 8 Astor of The Seraphim and other Poems.' (2 vols.) House. M,DCCC, XLV.” The Preface, dated "London, 50 Wimpole St, 1844," covers six pages. Besides an explanation of the motives of the "Drama of Exile " and the "Vision of Poets," it contains the following interesting passage: A RECENT number of the Vienna Neue Freie MR. MATTHEW ARNOLD will probably give a Presse (Friday, March 7) has some highly discourse at the Royal Institution on "Emer-appreciative remarks on the pension conferred on Friday next, March 21, instead of Mr. upon Mr. F. J. Furnivall. The notice goes on to Walter Besant, whose discourse on "The Art say that, in so doing, the English Government of Fiction " has been postponed till after "has only paid off a long-standing debt of honour to native science. In wealthy Britain it is unfortunately the custom to leave the most competent scientific investigators to live away from "My love and admiration have belonged to the the universities on their private means or what-great American people as long as I have felt proud ever one may call it-while the professorships are of being an Englishwoman, and almost as long as occupied by the mercenaries of science. Mr. I have loved poetry itself. But it is only of late Furnivall himself was a flagrant example. A man that I have been admitted to the privilege of perof rare energy, he has created more than half-a-sonal gratitude to Americans, and only to-day dozen learned societies, some for the careful that I am encouraged to offer to their hands an editing of old texts, others for the detailed study American edition of a new collection of my poems of modern poets. With the greatest diligence about to be published in my own country. This and knowledge of the subject, he has naturally edition precedes the English one by a step-a step devoted himself to the greatest dramatist of his eagerly taken, and with a spring in it of pleasure nation, so that one cannot read a single line of and pride, suspended, however, for a moment that, Shakspere without being reminded of some con- by a cordial figure, I may kiss the soil of America, tribution of his. With his hands ever full of and address my thanks to those sons of the soil earnest, unselfish work, always ready for the fray, who, if strangers and foreigners, are yet kinsmen and at the same time always ready, laughingly, to and friends, and who, if never seen, nor perhaps to be seen by eyes of mine, have already caused confess an error, he has sacrificed to science a quarter of a century of time and all his private them to glisten by words of kindness and courtesy." means. We Germans cannot but heartily rejoice LAST November, as our readers will recollect, a scheme for establishing a mediaeval and modern languages tripos at Cambridge was rejected by the senate. Undismayed by this rebuff, the board (which could scarcely be more strongly constituted) has now drawn up an amended scheme. The chief features of this are that there shall be papers in French and German for all candidates alike, and then a choice between three alternatives-(1) French, with Provençal and Italian; (2) German, with Old Saxon and Gothic; and (3) English, with Anglo-Saxon and Icelandic. It is proposed to hold the first examination in May 1886. AT the recent annual meeting of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society a committee was appointed to collect subscriptions for a memorial to the late B. R. Wheatley, librarian to the society for nearly thirty years, whose death and services were recorded in the ACADEMY of January 19. The committee, which includes representatives of the other societies for which Mr. Wheatley did so much invaluable work, has decided that the memorial shall take the form of a provision for the relatives who were dependent upon him-his sister and his niece. Mr. Berkeley Hill is the hon. secretary, and an account has been opened at the Union Bank, Argyle Place, W. MR. JOHN BATTY, whose useful little work on The Scope and Charm of Antiquarian Study was recently noticed in the ACADEMY, is now contributing a series of articles to the Yorkshire Post on "Phases of Old Yorkshire Parish Life." that this 'disinterested promoter of German Correction. Mr. Ernst O. Stichler writes to of February 16 is not quite correct. The AMERICAN JOTTINGS. THE Publishers' Weekly of February 23 again THE second part of the review of Dr. Schlie mann's Troja in the Nation of February 23, making about nine columns in all, which we have taken the liberty of ascribing to Prof. Goodwin, concludes thus:- FRENCH JOTTINGS. M. CARO, the popular professor at the Sorbonne, has been chosen to represent the Académie française at the celebration of the tercentenary of the University of Edinburgh, which is to be held on April 16. The Sorbonne itself will be represented by M. Mézières, the items illustrative of social life and parochial his opposition. His alternative scheme is to Académie des Sciences by M. Pasteur and M. regulations two hundred years ago, but also allusions to transactions of national importance during a momentous period of English history A COMMITTEE has been formed at Glasgow to erect a monument on the site of the Battle of Langside, where Mary Queen of Scots was grant international copyright subject to the works. d'Abbadie, and the Académie des Inscriptions by M. Perrot. M. ROUHER is said to have left a considerable work upon the men and the events of the Second Empire, upon which he was continuously engaged since he retired from public life, M. ROTHAN, who has already published, both in the Revue des Deux-Mondes and independently, several studies on the diplomacy of the Second Empire, now has in hand a work dealing with the political condition of Europe at the time of the Franco-German War. as the first. He would be doing a service if he were to give us a complete biography of a man who was, whatever we may think of his moral character, one of the most powerful forces of the sixteenth century. Mr. W. Carew Hazlitt's paper on the Prisons of Venice will We have been taught from MANY of our readers will be glad to hear repay perusal. that the publication of Mélusine, the folk-lore childhood to think that the prison system of the journal edited by MM. H. Gaidoz and E. Queen of the Adriatic was something exceptionRolland, is to be recommenced after an interval ally horrible; from Mr. Hazlitt's paper we are of six years. The numbers for 1877, forming induced to think that this is a mistake. Detestthe only volume in existence, dealt mainly with able it was, no doubt, but, when we call to French folk-lore. As that branch of the sub-mind the atrocities that were done in Germany, ject is now diligently worked by many hands, England, and France, we see no ground for it will be the aim of the editors to devote them- maintaining that there was anything exceptionselves in the future to the scientific study of ally cruel in the Venetian system. The Rev. the materials in existence, with special reference J. T. Fowler has an appreciative review of Mr. He is to what has been ascertained about the folk- North's Church Bells of Bedfordshire. lore and mythology of savage races. In their himself very learned in bell-lore, and can fully enter into the dryest details of Mr. North's prospectus they protest against une prétendue mythologie indo-européenne." Mélusine will work. Mr. Wheatley's paper on the "History appear monthly, at the subscription price of and Development of the House" is amusing, sixteen shillings for a volume of twenty-four but contains nothing new. monthly parts. 66 THE city of Paris, which cares much for her ancient history, and for preserving and publishing her old records (in spite of, or, perhaps, in consequence of, the Revolution), has just issued, in the collection under the auspices" de l'édilité parisienne," vol. i. of the Registres des Délibérations du Bureau de la Ville de Paris, covering the years 1499-1526, edited by the skilled hand of M. François Bonnardot. When will the authorities of London bestir themselves to do the like with their at least as important and interesting records? THERE is a legend in some Spanish book His own self-strangled self, grim, rigid, white, And who, struck sober by that livid sight, Feasting his eyes, in tongue-tied horror shook. Has any man a fancy to peep in And see, as through a window, in the Past, His nobler self, self-choked with coils of sin, Or sloth or folly? Round the throat whipped fast The nooses give the face a stiffened grin. 'Tis but thyself. Look well. Why be aghast? E. LEE HAMILTON. OBITUARY. MR. WILLIAM BLANCHARD JERROLD, eldest a of Douglas Jerrold, godson and also son-inlaw of Laman Blanchard, died on March 10, after a short illness. For twenty-six years he had been the editor of Lloyd's Weekly News. He was a voluminous contributor to the periodical press, author of Lives of Napoleon III. and Cruikshank, of several plays, and of more than one book about Egypt. He was also the founder and president of the English branch of the International Literary Association. A Life Gustave Doré from his pen has been announced for some time past. Pa THE widow of John Brown, of Harper's rry fame, died at San Francisco on Febary 29. She was the confidant of her hus and's plans, and sympathised with his efforts. MAGAZINES AND REVIEWS. the Antiquary for March we have the cond portion of the Rev. John Brownbill's Earlier Life of Thomas Cromwell, Earl of sex," which is as interesting and important THE Boletin of the Real Academia de la Historia for February contains notes and definitions of many of the terms used in the Codigo de los Usages de Barcelona," which are valuable aids to the study of mediaeval and feudal legislation. Another paper of interest is a reprint of an essay by Don Augustino Salesio, 1760, on the worship of Isis, and her "sodalicium vernarum" at Valencia. The unpublished Memoria on the Jesuit Missions to the Guarani The utter childishness Indians is continued. of their whole policy, as here revealed, quite accounts for their failure to make a nation of this, in many respects, noble race. DIELITZ, J. Die Wahl- u. Denksprüche, Feldgeschreie, Losungen, Schlacht- u. Volksrufe besonders d. Mittelalters u. der Neuzeit. Frankfurt-a-M.: Rommel. 24 M. FEIGEL, K. R. Ueb. die Erziehung d. Mannes. Wien: Seidel. 2 M. 80 Pf. HEYDEMANN, H. Alexander der Grosse u. Dareios Kodomannos auf unteritalischen Vasenabbildungen. Halle: Niemeyer. 2 M. LAMBERT, A., et A. RYCHNER. L'Architecture en Suisse aux différentes Epoques. Basel: Georg. 60 M. MERLET, G. Tableau de la Littérature française, 180015. Paris: Didier. 23 fr. ROISSARD DE BELLET, le baron. La Sardaigne à Vol ROSSIGNOL, J. P. Discussion sur l'Authenticité d'une Clochette d'Or lettrée découverte à Rome et prise pour une Amulette. Paris: Labitte. 2 fr. 50 c. SCHLOESSER, E. Münztechnik. Hannover: Hahn. 7 M. SICK, P. F. Notice sur les Ouvrages en Or et en Argent dans le Nord et sur la "Sölvkammer" des Rois de Danemark. Copenhagen: Lehmann. UCHARD, M. Mademoiselle Blaisot. Paris: Calmann d'Oiseau en 1882. Paris: Plon. 10 fr. Lévy. 3 fr. 50 c. 68. WAILLE, V. Machiavel en France. Paris: Ghio. 3 fr. 50 c. HISTORY. "DACBERT." Séneque et la Mort d'Agrippine. Etude historique. Leiden: Brill._6 fr. FRANCISQUE-MICHEL, R. Les Portugais en France, les Français en Portugal. Paris: Guillard. 7 fr. 50 c. GRUENHAGEN, C. Geschichte Schlesiens. 4. Lfg. Gotha: Perthes. 1 M. 20 Pf. JURIEN DE LA GRAVIERE. Les Campagnes d'Alexandre: la Conquête de l'Inde; le Démembrement de l'Empire. Paris: Plon. 8 fr. LAFAYE, G. De poetarum et oratorum certaminibus Paris: Durand. 5 apud veteres oires et Reflexions du Marquis de la Fare sur les principaux Evénements du Règne de Louis XIV. Paris: Charpentier. 3 fr. 50 c. SCRIPTORES rerum germanicarum, in usum scholarum. Vitae Anskarii et Rimberti, rec. G. Waitz. Hannover: Hahn. 1 M. 50 Pf. PHILOLOGY, ETC. CODEX Theresianus, der, u. seine Umwandlungen. Hrsg. u. m. Anmerkgn. versehen von Ph. Harras JORDANI, H. Quaestiones archaeicae. Königsberg-i Pr. Hartung. 1 M. 50 Pf. OTFRIDS Evangelienbuch. Mit Einleitgn., erklär. Anmerkgn. u. ausführl. Glossar hrsg. v. P. Piper. 2. Thl. Glossar. 3. Lfg. Freiburg-i-B.: Mohr. 3 M. PETERSDORFF, R. E. neue Hauptquelle d. Quintus Curtius Rufus. Beiträge zur Kritik der Quellen f. die Geschichte Alexander d. Grossen. Hannover: Hahn. 2 M. RAOUL DE CAMBRAI, Chanson de Geste, publiée par P. Meyer et Longnon. Paris: Firmin-Didot. 15 fr. CORRESPONDENCE. "JURY-MAST." Cambridge: March 8, 1884. The etymology of this difficult word has at last, in my opinion, been solved. The solution is due to Mr. Fennell, editor of the Stanford Dictionary, who discovered it by a perusal of the Promptorium Parvulorum. At p. 268 of Way's edition we have the entry, 66 Iuwere [also spelt iver, iwere, iuwr' in other MSS.], remedium." This word immediately follows a number of others, in which the initial i stands for j, so that the spellings practically give us the forms juwere, juer, juere, juwre— i.e., on the supposition that v and w here represent u, as is so frequently the case. It only remains to follow up the clue thus given. The j shows us that the word is probably French; and I have no doubt that it is one of the numerous 'aphetic" words of our language, to use Dr. Murray's term; and that an initial a has been dropped. We should thus obtain a form ajuere or ajuwere. But this very form occurs in Godefroy's Dictionary, 8.v. aiueor, "celui qui aide, qui vient en aide, auxiliaire et, quelquefois, complice." He cites li aiueres from St. Bernard's Sermons, in the phrase "molt est fealz aiueres"-i.e., "he is a very faithful helper" -where the s is merely the suffix of the nominative case. Other forms cited by him are aiuor, adiuedur, adiuere, adjudeor, the connexion of which with the Latin adiutor cannot be mistaken. It is also closely allied to our word aid, which appears in Old French in the varying forms aide, ayde, earlier aiude, answering to a Latin form adjuta, while the verb appears not only as aidier, but as aiuer-i.e., ajuer. adj. adjutory is duly given by Dr. Murray, and I think it is now clear that a jury-mast is really an ajury-mast-i.e., an aid-mast or an adjutory mast. And, in fact, ajury is practically the It is scarcely necesFrench form of adjutory. sary to note how precisely the word adjutory gives the sense required. The I may add that the Stanford Dictionary is intended to explain such alien words and phrases as occur in English literature, especially in modern times. Information concerning it can be obtained from the editor, C. A. M. Fennell, Esq., The Villa, Trumpington, Cambridge. 66 WALTER W. SKEAT. WORDS, OR MEANINGS OF WORDS, FOR THE NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY." 10 Savile Row, W.: March 8, 1884. Have you heard or read of the verb "to apple," used to signify getting stout below the waistcoat? A Canadian settler called to consult me the other day about his son. They both |