Praise is reproach. Eternal God alone For mortals fixeth that sublime award. He, from the faithful records of his throne, Bids the historian and the bard Dispose of honor and of scorn; Discern the patriot from the slave; And write the good, the wise, the brave For lessons to the multitude unborn.
HYMN TO THE NAIADS. 1746.
The nymphs, who preside over springs and rivulets, are addressed at day-break, in honor of their several functions, and of the relations which they
The kindred powers, Tethys, and reverend Ops, And spotless Vesta; while supreme of sway Remain'd the cloud-compeller. From the couch Of Tethys sprang the sedgy-crowned race, Who from a thousand urns, o'er every clime, Send tribute to their parent: and from them Are ye, O Naiads: Arethusa fair, And tuneful Aganippe; that sweet name, Bandusia; that soft family which dwelt With Syrian Daphne; and the honor'd tribes Belov'd of Pæon. Listen to my strain, Daughters of Tethys: listen to your praise.
You, Nymphs, the winged offspring, which of old Aurora to divine Astræus bore,
Owns; and your aid beseecheth. When the might Of Hyperion, from his noontide throne Unbends their languid pinions, aid from you They ask: Favonius and the mild South-west From you relief implore. Your sallying streams
bear to the natural and to the moral world. Their Fresh vigor to their weary wings impart. origin is deduced from the first allegorical deities, Again they fly, disporting; from the mead or powers of Nature; according to the doctrine of Half-ripen'd and the tender blades of corn, the old mythological poets, concerning the gene- To sweep the noxious mildew; or dispel ration of the gods and the rise of things. They Contagious steams, which oft the parched Earth are then successively considered, as giving motion Breathes on her fainting sons. From noon to eve, to the air and exciting summer-breezes; as nour- Along the river and the paved brook, ishing and beautifying the vegetable creation; as Ascend the cheerful breezes: hail'd of bards contributing to the fullness of navigable rivers, Who, fast by learned Cam, the Æolian lyre and consequently to the maintenance of com- Solicit; nor unwelcome to the youth merce; and, by that means, to the maritime part Who on the heights of Tibur, all inclin'd of military power. Next is represented their O'er rushing Anio, with a pious hand favorable influence upon health, when assisted by The reverend scene delineates, broken fanes, rural exercise: which introduces their connexion Or tombs, or pillar'd aqueducts, the pomp with the art of physic, and the happy effects of Of ancient Time; and haply, while he scans mineral medicinal springs. Lastly, they are cele- brated for the friendship which the Muses bear them, and for the true inspiration which temper- ance only can receive: in opposition to the en- thusiasm of the more licentious poets.
O'ER yonder eastern hill the twilight pale Walks forth from darkness; and the god of day, With bright Astræa seated by his side,
Waits yet to leave the ocean. Tarry, Nymphs, Ye Nymphs, ye blue-ey'd progeny of Thames,
Who now the mazes of this rugged heath
The ruins, with a silent tear revolves The fame and fortune of imperious Rome.
You too, O Nymphs, and your unenvious aid The rural powers confess; and still prepare For you their choicest treasures. Pan commands, Oft as the Delian king with Sirius holds The central heavens, the father of the grove Commands his Dryads over your abodes To spread their deepest umbrage. Well the god Remembereth how indulgent ye supplied Your genial dews to nurse them in their prime. Pales, the pasture's queen, where'er ye stray,
Trace with your fleeting steps; who all night long Pursues your steps, delighted; and the path
Repeat, amid the cool and tranquil air, Your lonely murmurs, tarry: and receive My offer'd lay. To pay you homage due, I leave the gates of Sleep; nor shall my lyre Too far into the splendid hours of morn Engage your audience: my observant hand Shall close the strain ere any sultry beam Approach you. To your subterranean haunts Ye then may timely steal; to pace with care The humid sands; to loosen from the soil The bubbling sources; to direct the rills To meet in wider channels; or beneath Some grotto's dripping arch, at height of noon To slumber, shelter'd from the burning heaven.
Where shall my song begin, ye Nymphs? or end? Wide is your praise and copious-First of things, First of the lonely powers, ere Time arose, Were Love and Chaos. Love the sire of Fate; Elder than Chaos. Born of Fate was Time, Who many sons and many comely births Devour'd, relentless father till the child Of Rhea drove him from the upper sky
With living verdure clothes. Around your haunts The laughing Chloris, with profusest hand, Throws wide her blooms, her odors. Still with you Pomona seeks to dwell: and o'er the lawns, And o'er the vale of Richmond, where with Thames Ye love to wander, Amalthea pours Well-pleas'd the wealth of that Ammonian horn, Her dower; unmindful of the fragrant isles Nysæan or Atlantic. Nor canst thou, (Albeit oft, ungrateful, thou dost mock The beverage of the sober Naiad's urn, O Bromius, O Lensæan) nor canst thou Disown the powers whose bounty, ill repaid, With nectar feeds thy tendrils. Yet from me, Yet, blameless Nymphs, from my delighted lyre, Accept the rites your bounty well may claim, Nor heed the scoffings of the Edonian band. For better praise awaits you. Thames, your sire, As down the verdant slope your duteous rills Descend, the tribute stately Thames receives, Delighted; and your piety applauds;
And bids his copious tide roll on secure,
And quell'd his deadly might. Then social reign'd For faithful are his daughters; and with words
Auspicious gratulates the bark which, now His banks forsaking, her adventurous wings Yields to the breeze, with Albion's happy gifts Extremest isles to bless. And oft at morn, When Hermes, from Olympus bent o'er Earth To bear the words of Jove, on yonder hill Stoops lightly-sailing; oft intent your springs He views and waving o'er some new-born stream His blest pacific wand, "And yet," he cries, "Yet," cries the son of Maia, "though recluse And silent be your stores, from you, fair Nymphs, Flows wealth and kind society to men. By you, my function and my honor'd name Do I possess; while o'er the Bætic vale, Or through the towers of Memphis, or the palms By sacred Ganges water'd, I conduct The English merchant: with the buxom fleece Of fertile Ariconium while I clothe Sarmatian kings; or to the household gods Of Syria, from the bleak Cornubian shore, Dispense the mineral treasure which of old Sidonian pilots sought, when this fair land Was yet unconscious of those generous arts Which wise Phœnicia from their native clime Transplanted to a more indulgent Heaven."
Such are the words of Hermes: such the praise, O Naiads, which from tongues celestial waits Your bounteous deeds. From bounty issueth power: And those who, sedulous in prudent works, Relieve the wants of nature, Jove repays
With noble wealth, and his own seat on Earth, Fit judgments to pronounce, and curb the might Of wicked men. Your kind unfailing urns Not vainly to the hospitable arts Of Hermes yield their store. For, O ye Nymphs, Hath he not won the unconquerable queen
Of arms to court your friendship? You she owns The fair associates who extend her sway Wide o'er the mighty deep; and grateful things Of you she uttereth, oft as from the shore Of Thames, or Medway's vale, or the green banks Of Vecta, she her thundering navy leads To Calpe's foaming channel, or the rough Cantabrian surge; her auspices divine Imparting to the senate and the prince Of Albion, to dismay barbaric kings,
Which wait on human life. Your gentle aid Hygeia well can witness; she who saves From poisonous cates and cups of pleasing bane The wretch devoted to the entangling snares Of Bacchus and of Comus. Him she leads To Cynthia's lonely haunts. To spread the toils, To beat the coverts, with the jovial horn At dawn of day to summon the loud hounds, She calls the lingering sluggard from his dreams: And where his breast may drink the mountain breeze, And where the fervor of the sunny vale May beat upon his brow, through devious paths Beckons his rapid courser. Nor when ease, Cool ease and welcome slumbers have becalm'd His eager bosom, does the queen of health Her pleasing care withhold. His decent board She guards, presiding; and the frugal powers With joy sedate leads in: and while the brown Ennæan dame with Pan presents her stores; While changing still, and comely in the change, Vertumnus and the Hours before him spread The garden's banquet; you to crown his feast, To crown his feast, O Naiads, you the fair Hygeia calls: and from your shelving seats, And groves of poplar, plenteous cups ye bring, To slake his veins: till soon a purer tide Flows down those loaded channels; washeth off The dregs of luxury, the lurking seeds Of crude disease; and through the abodes of life Sends vigor, sends repose. Hail, Naiads: hail, Who give, to labor, health; to stooping age, The joys which youth had squander'd. Oft your
Will I invoke; and, frequent in your praise, Abash the frantic Thyrsus with my song.
For not estrang'd from your benignant arts Is he, the god, to whose mysterious shrine My youth was sacred, and my votive cares Belong; the learn'd Pæon. Oft, when all His cordial treasures he hath search'd in vain; When herbs, and potent trees, and drops of balm Rich with the genial influence of the Sun, (To rouse dark Fancy from her plaintive dreams, To brace the nerveless arm, with food to win Sick appetite, or hush the unquiet breast Which pines with silent passion, he in vain Hath prov'd; to your deep mansions he descends, Your gates of humid rock, your dim arcades, He entereth; where empurpled veins of ore Gleam on the roof; where through the rigid mine
The Iberian, or the Celt. The pride of kings Was ever scorn'd by Pallas: and of old Rejoic'd the virgin, from the brazen prow
Of Athens o'er Ægina's gloomy surge,
To drive her clouds and storms; o'erwhelming all Your trickling rills insinuate. There the god
The Persian's promis'd glory, when the realms
Of Indus and the soft Ionian clime,
When Libya's torrid champain and the rocks Of cold Imaus join'd their servile bands,
From your indulgent hands the streaming bowl Wafts to his pale-ey'd suppliants; wafts the seeds Metallic, and the elemental salts
To sweep the sons of Liberty from Earth.
In vain: Minerva on the bounding prow Of Athens stood, and with the thunder's voice Denounc'd her terrors on their impious heads, And shook her burning ægis. Xerxes saw: From Heracléum, on the mountain's height Thron'd in his golden car, he knew the sign Celestial; felt unrighteous hope forsake His faltering heart, and turn'd his face with shame. Hail, ye who share the stern Minerva's power; Who arm the hand of Liberty for war; And give to the renown'd Britannic name To awe contending monarchs: yet benign, Yet mild of nature; to the works of peace More prone, and lenient of the many ills
Wash'd from the pregnant glebe. They drink: and Flies pain; flies inauspicious care: and soon The social haunt or unfrequented shade Hears Io, Io Pean; as of old, When Python fell. And, Oh propitious Nymphs, Oft as for helpless mortals I implore Your salutary springs, through every urn Oh shed your healing treasures. With the first And finest breath, which from the genial strife Of mineral fermentation springs like light O'er the fresh morning's vapors, lustrate then The fountain, and inform the rising wave.
My lyre shall pay your bounty. Scorn not ye That humble tribute. Though a mortal hand Excite the strings to utterance, yet for themes Not unregarded of celestial powers,
I frame their language; and the Muses deign To guide the pious tenor of my lay.
The Muses (sacred by their gifts divine) In early days did to my wondering sense Their secrets oft reveal: oft my rais'd ear In slumber felt their music: oft at noon, Or hour of sun-set, by some lonely stream, In field or shady grove, they taught me words
Of power, from death and envy to preserve The good man's name. Whence yet with grateful mind,
And offerings unprofan'd by ruder eye, My vows I send, my homage, to the seats Of rocky Cirrha, where with you they dwell: Where you their chaste companions they admit Through all the hallow'd scene: where oft intent, And leaning o'er Castalia's mossy verge, They mark the cadence of your confluent urns, How tuneful, yielding gratefullest repose To their consorted measure: till again, With emulation all the sounding choir, And bright Apollo, leader of the song, Their voices through the liquid air exalt, And sweep their lofty strings: those powerful strings That charm the mind of gods: that fill the courts Of wide Olympus with oblivion sweet Of evils, with immortal rest from cares : Assuage the terrors of the throne of Jove; And quench the formidable thunderbolt Of unrelenting fire. With slacken'd wings, While now the solemn concert breathes around, Incumbent o'er the sceptre of his lord
Sleeps the stern eagle; by the number'd notes, Possess'd; and satiate with the melting tone: Sovereign of birds. The furious god of war, His darts forgetting, and the winged wheels That bear him vengeful o'er the embattled plain, Relents, and soothes his own fierce heart to ease, Most welcome ease. The sire of gods and men, In that great moment of divine delight, Looks down on all that live; and whatsoe'er He loves not, o'er the peopled earth, and o'er The interminated ocean, he beholds Curs'd with abhorrence by his doom severe, And troubled at the sound. Ye Naiads, ye With ravish'd ears the melody attend, Worthy of sacred silence. But the slaves Of Bacchus with tempestuous clamors strive To drown the heavenly strains; of highest Jove Irreverent, and by mad presumption fir'd Their own discordant raptures to advance With hostile emulation. Down they rush From Nysa's vine-empurpled cliff, the dames Of Thrace, the Satyrs, and the unruly Fauns, With old Silenus, reeling through the crowd Which gambols round him, in convulsions wild Tossing their limbs, and brandishing in air The ivy-mantled thyrsus, or the torch Through black smoke flaming, to the Phrygian pipe's Shrill voice, and to the clashing cymbals, mix'd With shrieks and frantic uproar. May the gods From every unpolluted ear avert Their orgies! If within the seats of men, Within the walls, the gates, where Pallas holds The guardian key, if haply there be found Who loves to mingle with the revel-band And hearken to their accents; who aspires From such instructors to inform his breast
With verse; let him, fit votarist, implore Their inspiration. He perchance the gifts Of young Lyæus, and the dread exploits, May sing in aptest numbers: he the fate Of sober Pentheus, he the Paphian rites, And naked Mars with Cytherea chain'd, And strong Alcides in the spinster's robes, May celebrate, applauded. But with you, O Naiads, far from that unhallow'd rout, Must dwell the man whoe'er to praised themes Invokes the immortal Muse. The immortal Muse To your calm habitations, to the cave Corycian, or the Delphic mount, will guide His footsteps; and with your unsullied streams His lips will bathe: whether the eternal lore Of Themis, or the majesty of Jove, To mortals he reveal; or teach his lyre The unenvied guerdon of the patriot's toils, In those unfading islands of the bless'd, Where sacred bards abide. Hail, honor'd Nymphs; Thrice hail. For you the Cyrenaïc shell Behold, I touch, revering. To my songs Be present ye with favorable feet,
And all profaner audience far remove.
TO THE RIGHT REVEREND BENJAMIN, LORDBISHOP OF WINCHESTER.
For toils which patriots have endur'd, For treason quell'd and laws secur'd, In every nation Time displays The palm of honorable praise. Envy may rail; and Faction fierce May strive; but what, alas! can those (Though bold, yet blind and sordid foes) To gratitude and love oppose,
To faithful story and persuasive verse!
O nurse of Freedom, Albion, say, Thou tamer of despotic sway, What man, among thy sons around, Thus heir to glory hast thou found ? What page in all thy annals bright, Hast thou with purer joy survey'd Than that where Truth, by Hoadly's aid, Shines through Imposture's solemn shade, Through kingly and through sacerdotal night?
To him the Teacher bless'd,
Who sent Religion, from the palmy field By Jordan, like the morn to cheer the west, And lifted up the veil which Heaven from Earth
To Hoadly thus his mandate he address'd: "Go thou, and rescue my dishonor'd law From hands rapacious, and from tongues impure Let not my peaceful name be made a lure Fell Persecution's mortal snares to aid: Let not my words be impious chains to draw The free-born soul in more than brutal awe, To faith without assent, allegiance unrepaid."
No cold or unperforming hand Was arm'd by Heaven with this command. The world soon felt it: and, on high, To William's ear with welcome joy Did Locke among the blest unfold The rising hope of Hoadly's name, Godolphin then confirm'd the fame; And Somers, when from Earth he came, And generous Stanhope the fair sequel told.
Then drew the lawgivers around, (Sires of the Grecian name renown'd,) And listening ask'd, and wondering knew, What private force could thus subdue The vulgar and the great combin'd; Could war with sacred Folly wage; Could a whole nation disengage
From the dread bonds of many an age, And to new habits mould the public mind.
For not a conqueror's sword,
Nor the strong powers to civil founders known, Were his: but truth by faithful search explor'd, And social sense, like seed, in genial plenty sown. Wherever it took root, the soul (restor'd To freedom) freedom too for others sought. Not monkish craft, the tyrant's claim divine, Not regal zeal, the bigot's cruel shrine, Could longer guard from reason's warfare sage; Not the wild rabble to sedition wrought, Nor synods by the papal genius taught,
Nor St. John's spirit loose, nor Atterbury's rage.
But where shall recompense be found? Or how such arduous merit crown'd? For look on life's laborious scene; What rugged spaces lie between Adventurous Virtue's early toils And her triumphal throne! The shade Of Death, meantime, does oft invade Her progress; nor, to us display'd,
Wears the bright heroine her expected spoils.
Yet born to conquer is her power: - Hoadly, if that favorite hour On Earth arrive, with thankful awe We own just Heaven's indulgent law. And proudly thy success behold; We attend thy reverend length of days With benediction and with praise, And hail thee in our public ways Like some great spirit fam'd in ages old.
While thus our vows prolong
Thy steps on Earth, and when by us resign'd Thou join'st thy seniors, that heroic throng Who rescued or preserv'd the rights of human kind, O! not unworthy may thy Albion's tongue Thee still, her friend and benefactor, name: O! never, Hoadly, in thy country's eyes, May impious gold, or pleasure's gaudy prize, Make public virtue, public freedom, vile; Nor our own manners tempt us to disclaim That heritage, our noblest wealth and fame, Which thou hast kept entire from force and factious guile.
THOMAS GRAY, a distinguished poet, was the son laureate, vacant by the death of Cibber, was offered of a money-scrivener in London, where he was to Gray, but declined by him. In the same year he born in 1716. He received his education at Eton- published two odes, "On the Progress of Poesy," school, whence he was sent to the university of and "The Bard," which were not so popular as his Cambridge, and entered as a pensioner at St. Peter's Elegy had been, chiefly, perhaps, because they were College. He left Cambridge in 1738, and occu-less understood. The uniform life passed by this pied a set of chambers in the Inner Temple, for eminent person admits of few details, but the transthe purpose of studying the law. From this inten- action respecting the professorship of modern history tion he was diverted by an invitation to accompany at Cambridge, a place worth four hundred pounds Mr. Horace Walpole, son of the celebrated states a year, is worthy of some notice. When the situaman, with whom he had made a connexion at Eton, tion became vacant in Lord Bute's administration, in a tour through Europe. Some disagreement, it was modestly asked for by Gray, but had already of which Mr. Walpole generously took the blame, been bespoken by another. On a second vacancy caused them to separate in Italy; and Gray return- in 1768, the Duke of Grafton being now in power, ed to England in September, 1741, two months be- it was, "unsolicited and unsuspected," conferred fore his father's death. Gray, who now depended upon him; in return for which he wrote his "Ode chiefly upon his mother and aunt, left the law, and for Music," for the installation of that nobleman as
returned to his retirement at Cambridge. In the next year he had the misfortune to lose his dear friend West, also an Eton scholar, and son to the Chancellor of Ireland, which left a vacancy in his affections, that seems never to have been supplied. From this time his residence was chiefly at Cambridge, to which he was probably attached by an insatiable love of books, which he was unable to gratify from his own stores. Some years passed in this savorite indulgence, in which his exquisite learning and poetic talents were only known to a few friends; and it was not till 1747, that his "Ode on a distant Prospect of Eton College" made its appearance before the public. It was in 1751 that his celebrated "Elegy written in a Country Church-yard," chiefly composed some years before, and even now sent
chancellor of the university. This professorship, though founded in 1724, had hitherto remained a perfect sinecure; but Gray prepared himself to execute the duties of his office. Such, however, were the baneful effects of habitual indolence, that, with a mind replete with ancient and modern knowledge, he found himself unable to proceed farther than to draw a plan for his inauguration speech. But his health was now declining; an irregular hereditary gout made more frequent attacks than formerly; and at length, while he was dining in the College-hall, he was seized with a complaint in the stomach, which carried him off on July 30, 1771, in the fifty-fifth year of his age. His remains were deposited, with those of his mother and aunt, in the church-yard of Stoke-Pogis, Buckinghamshire.
into the world without the author's name, made its It is exclusively as a poet that we record the way to the press. Few poems were ever so popu- name of Gray; and it will, perhaps, be thought lar: it soon ran through eleven editions; was that we borrow too large a share from a single small translated into Latin verse, and has ever since borne volume; yet this should be considered as indicative the marks of being one of the most favorite pro- of the high rank which he has attained, compared ductions of the British Muse. with the number of his compositions. With respect
In the manners of Gray there was a degree of to his character as a man of learning, since his aceffeminacy and fastidiousness which exposed him to quisitions were entirely for his own use, and prothe character of a fribble; and a few riotous young duced no fruits for the public, it has no claim to men of fortune in his college thought proper to particular notice. For though he has been called make him a subject for their boisterous tricks. He by one of his admirers "perhaps the most learned made remonstrances to the heads of the society man in Europe," never was learning more thrown upon this usage, which being treated, as he thought, away. A few pieces of Latin poetry are all that he without due attention, he removed in 1756 to Pem- has to produce.
broke-hall. In the next year, the office of poet
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