5. imago; effigies; simulacrum; statua.

imago, imitation, copy, likeness, of any sort. Cf. Cat. III. 10; Arch. 14.

effigies, an artistic copy, likeness, portrait. Cf. Arch. 30. simulacrum, images formed by art, especially statues of the gods. Cf. Cat. III. 19.

statua, a statue, used only of human figures. Cf. Arch. 30.

6. templum; delubrum; fanum; aedes.

templum, a consecrated spot, a sanctuary; a temple. Cf. Cat. III. 2, 22.

delubrum, a place for expiation; a shrine. Cf. Cat. IV. 2.

fanum, a place consecrated for a temple, shrine. Cf. Cat. IV. 24. aedes, a dwelling place of the gods, usually a simpler, smaller building than a templum. Cf. Cat. II. 12.

7. tutus; salvus; incolumis; integer.

tutus, safe, secure from attack or harm. Cf. Leg. Man. 31. salvus, saved, after danger, preserved. Cf. Cat. III. 3; Marcell. 32.

incolumis, entirely unhurt, free from injury. Cf. Leg. Man. 25; Cat. III. 25.

integer, untouched, uncorrupted. Cf. Cat. IV. 6; III. 25; Arch. 8.

8. mutus; tacitus.

mutus, not able to speak. Cf. Cat. III. 26.

tacitus, silent, not speaking. Cf. Cat. III. 26.

9. petere; postulare; flagitare.

petere, seek, strive to reach, ask. Cf. Arch. 25, 31; Cat. I. 11. postulare, demand with reasons of right, lay claim to. Cf. Cat. III. 26; IV. 23.

flagitare, demand urgently, impetuously, with importunity. Cf. Arch. 8; Cat. II. 6.

10. alter, alteri; alius, alii.

alter, one of two, another. alteri, one of two parties. Cf. Cat. III. 26; IV. 7; Leg. Man. 10.

alius, one of a number, another. alii, some, others. Cf. Arch. 13.

12. domus; domicilium; tectum; sedes; aedificium. domus, family dwelling, house, home. Cf. Cat. IV. 2; Arch. 5. domicilium, the place where we dwell, domicile. Cf. Cat. III 26.

tectum, a roof; hence, a house. Cf. Cat. I. 29; IV. 18.

sedes, the place where we settle down, abiding place. Cf. Arch. 9; Marcell. 29; Cat. III. 26.

aedificium, a building of any kind, even when not suitable for a habitation. Cf. Cat. II. 18.

13. custodiae; vigiliae; excubiae; praesidia.

custodiae, watch, guards, in general. Cf. Cat. III. 29; I. 8. vigiliae, nightwatch. Cf. Cat. III. 29.

excubiae, watchmen stationed without, sentinels, usually in the night. Cf. Marcell. 32.

praesidia, guard or garrison of a post or fort, also escort, convoy. Cf. Cat. I. 8; II. 24.

14. perpetuus; sempiternus; aeternus.

perpetuus, continuing without interruption. Cf. Cat. III. 29. sempiternus, continuing ever the same, everlasting. Cf. Cat. IV. 18.

aeternus, eternal, of endless duration. Cf. Cat. IV. 10, 22; Arch. 20.

15. potius; magis; plus; amplius.

potius, more, rather, of preference, one thing instead of another. Cf. Arch. 31; Cat. I. 27; IV. 3, 14.

magis, more, to a higher degree. Cf. Cat. I. 7.

plus, more, in quantity. Cf. Marcell. 26.

amplius, more, in space or time. Cf. Cat. I. 6; Marcell. 17.

16. facinus; flagitium; scelus.

facinus, a great and weighty deed, usually of a bad character. Cf. Cat. IV. 6.

flagitium, a scandalous, disgraceful act. Cf. Cat. I. 13.

scelus, a malicious and wicked deed, a crime. Cf. Cat. II. 1, 25.

17. uter, uterque ; quis, quisque.

uter, which of two. uterque, each of two. Cf. Cat. IV. 7. quis, who, of any number. quisque, each, of any number. Cf. Marcell. 18; Cat. I. 2.

18. formido; timor; metus; verecundia.

formido, overwhelming fear, horror. Cf. Cat. IV. 8.

timor, baseless fear, timidity, of those lacking courage. Cf. Cat. I. 1; Marcell. 1; Leg. Man. 23.

metus, well-grounded fear, apprehension, of the cautious and calculating. Cf. Leg. Man. 23; Cat. I. 10.

verecundia, fear of wrong-doing, awe, respect, reverence. Cf.

Marcell. 1.

So, too, the corresponding verbs formidare, timere (cf. Cat. I. 17, 18), metuere (cf. Cat. I. 17), vereri (cf. Cat. I. 17).

19. invenire; reperire; deprehendere.

invenire, to find by chance; to find by search and inquiry. Cf. Cat. IV. 14; III. 17.

reperire, find out, discover by seeking. Cf. Cat. IV. 22.

deprehendere, catch on the spot, discover in the act. Cf. Cat. III. 17.

20. interficere; occidere; necare; trucidare.

interficere, kill, in any manner whatever, the generic word. Cf. Man. Leg. 35; Cat. I. 3; II. 12.

occidere, kill by blows, cut down, especially in war. Cf. Cat. I. 3; IV. 4, 12.

necare, kill cruelly and heartlessly, murder. Cf. Man. Leg. 11; Cat. IV. 13.

trucidare, cut to pieces, butcher. Cf. Man. Leg. 7; Cat. I. 9; IV. 12.

21. iucundus; gratus; amoenus.

iucundus, pleasing in itself, delightful. Cf. Arch. 28; Man. Leg. 1; Cat. III. 2.

gratus, pleasing because of its value, welcome. Cf. Marcell. 14; Cat. IV. 1.

amoenus, fine, pleasing, especially of scenery. Cf. Man. Leg. 40 (amoenitas).

22. omnis; totus; cunctus; universus.

omnis, in the singular every one (opposed to nemo), in the plural omnes, all, regarded as a collection of units. Cf. Arch. 9; Cat. IV. 19.

totus, all, entire, complete, opposed to separate parts, nothing being missing. Cf. Cat. IV. 23.

cunctus, all united in one body. Cf. Man. Leg. 2; Marcell. 25. universus, all turned to one, all sharing alike. Cf. Cat. IV. 19, 24.

23. inimicus; hostis; adversarius.

inimicus, a personal enemy. Cf. Cat. IV. 20; Man. Leg. 28; Marcell. 21.

hostis, a public enemy, enemy in war. Cf. Cat. I. 13; Man. Leg. 28.

adversarius, an opponent, either private or public. Marcell. 8. 24. ingenium; mens; animus; anima.

ingenium, inborn talent, creative power, genius. Cf. Arch. 1, 17; Man. Leg. 1.

mens, mind, intellect, understanding. Cf. Arch. 14; Cat. I. 27. animus, the soul, the heart, as the seat of emotion. Cf. Arch. 14; Cat. I. 27.

anima, the breath; hence, the life, the vivifying soul. Cf. Marcell. 22.

25. lex; ius; fas.

lex, statute law, written law, as opposed to mos, the law of custom. Cf. Cat. I. 28.

ius, right, that which is based on justice, the aggregate of law founded on nature and custom, the common law. Cf. Cat. I. 28; Arch. 6.

fas, divine law, that which is right before God. Cf. Marcell. 2.

26. imperium; potestas; facultas.

imperium, supreme civil and military authority, the government. Cf. Leg. Man. 35; Cat. IV. 14, 21.

potestas, the civil authority of the state or of a magistrate. Cf. Man. Leg. 35; Cat. II. 26.

facultas, the power or ability to do a thing. Cf. Arch. I. 13; Cat. III. 4.

27. qualis; quantus; talis; tantus.

qualis, of what kind. Cf. Cat. II. 3; Man. Leg. 36.

quantus, of what size.
talis, of such a kind.
tantus, of such a size.

Cf. Marcell. 16; Cat. I. 26.
Cf. Cat. II. 3; Marcell. 29.

Cf. Arch. 12; Cat. II. 19.

28. gaudium; laetitia; voluptas.

gaudium, inner joy, the emotion itself. Cf. Cat. I. 26.

laetitia, happiness, the outward expression of gaudium, the state of joy. Cf. Cat. I. 26; III. 2.

voluptas, pleasure, delight, usually coming through the senses. Cf. Man. Leg. 40; Cat. III. 2; Marcell. 27.

29. augere; crescere.

augere, increase (transitive), make larger. Cf. Cat. IV. 19; Marcell. 22.

crescere, increase (intransitive), grow. Cf. Man. Leg. 45; Cat. I. 5.

30. imperator; dux.

imperator, commander-in-chief. Cf. Cat. I. 5.

dux, leader. Cf. Cat. I. 5.

An imperator is a dux, but a dux is not always an imperator.

81. ferre; pati; sinere; permittere.

ferre, bear a burden, literal or figurative. Cf. Cat. I. 10.

pati, bear with resignation, suffer. Cf. Cat. I. 10.

sinere, allow to happen, permit. Cf. Cat. I. 10.

permittere, allow to run, not to hinder, though having the power to do so. Cf. Man. Leg. 39, 61; Cat. I. 4.

32. bellum; tumultus; latrocinium.

bellum, war in general. Cf. Cat. I. 25.

tumultus, war or rebellion in Italy or Cisalpine Gaul. The same disturbance elsewhere would be called bellum. Cf. Cat. III. 4.

latrocinium, highway robbery; guerilla warfare. Cf. Cat. II.

22.

33. nefarius; impius.

nefarius, against the laws of God and nature. Cf. Cat. I. 25; II. 27.