Grassroots Garveyism: The Universal Negro Improvement Association in the Rural South, 1920-1927The black separatist movement led by Marcus Garvey has long been viewed as a phenomenon of African American organization in the urban North. But as Mary Rolinson demonstrates, the largest number of Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) divisions and Garvey's most devoted and loyal followers were found in the southern Black Belt. Tracing the path of organizers from northern cities to Virginia, and then from the Upper to the Deep South, Rolinson remaps the movement to include this vital but overlooked region. Rolinson shows how Garvey's southern constituency sprang from cities, countryside churches, and sharecropper cabins. Southern Garveyites adopted pertinent elements of the movement's ideology and developed strategies for community self-defense and self-determination. These southern African Americans maintained a spiritual attachment to their African identities and developed a fiercely racial nationalism, building on the rhetoric and experiences of black organizers from the nineteenth-century South. Garveyism provided a common bond during the upheaval of the Great Migration, Rolinson contends, and even after the UNIA had all but disappeared in the South in the 1930s, the movement's tenets of race organization, unity, and pride continued to flourish in other forms of black protest for generations. |
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Grassroots Garveyism: The Universal Negro Improvement Association in the ... Mary G. Rolinson No preview available - 2007 |
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African American African redemption Amy Jacques Garvey Arkansas Delta Atlanta August Baptist became Black Belt black community black farmers Black Star Line black women Bolivar County Booker chapter church cities colonization cotton di√erent di≈culties e√ective e√orts early Eason economic editor emigration Farmer—cotton farm OA File Garvey movement Garvey’s Garveyism Garveyites Georgia Henry McNeal Turner Ibid ideology Indian Bay Klan laborers leadership Liberia Louisiana lynching man’s Marcus Garvey McKinney Merigold ministers Mississippi Monroe Montgomery Twp Mound Bayou naacp naacp branch Negro World North Carolina numbers o√ered organization’s Papers Phillips County Population Schedule race racial reported rural areas rural South rural southern self-defense sharecroppers southern blacks southwest Georgia stfu strategies tenant farmers tion towns Tuskegee U.S. Census U.S. Department unia convention unia divisions unia leader unia members unia organ unia supporters unia’s United Universal Negro Improvement urban Virginia Washington West Indian Worth County York
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Page 34 - ... existence of a God; and the sooner we begin to recognize that fact and prepare for it, the better it will be for us as a people. We there have a country unsurpassed in productive and mineral resources, and we have some two hundred millions of our kindred there in moral and spiritual blindness. The four millions of us in this country are at school, learning the doctrines of Christianity and the elements of civil government. And as soon as we are educated sufficiently to assume control of our vast...