59-60. inclusum cavo saxo] 'shut up in his cave,' 54 because the door had been already blocked. insueta 'with strange sounds.' omnia every sort of,' molaribus 'huge stones,' lit. 'millstones.' It is properly an adjective (molaris lapis).

65-66. glomeratque] 'and makes in the cave a volume of smoky gloom, the darkness being mingled with fire.'

67. non tulit] 'could bear it no longer.' qua plurimus undam fumus agit 'where the thickest smoke is rolling.' aestuat 'is surging.'

71. in nodum complexus 'grappling him with tightdrawn embrace.' in nodum after the manner of a knot. angit 'throttles him,' hence the word angina 'the quinsy. [The word is from the root which appears in ἄγκος, ἄγχω, dyxórn, angustus, anxius, angiportus.]

72. elisos oculos etc.] is proleptic 'so that his eyes start from his head, and his throat is drained of blood.'

75. informe cadaver 'a monstrous corpse,' informe refers to his half-brutish shape.

76. expleri corda] cp. 30, 6; 31, 2.

XXXVII.

[An episode in the war between Turnus and the Trojans. Aeneas is away visiting Evander, and the Trojans under the charge of Iulus are left in their camp on the Tiber. Turnus seizes the opportunity of Aeneas' absence to attack the camp. There is much anxiety to find means to let Aeneas know what has happened, and Nisus and Euryalus volunteer to make their way through the camp of the enemy and take the news to Aeneas. The episode is founded on the adventure of Ulysses and Diomede in the Iliad, lib. x., though unlike those heroes Nisus and his friend perish.]

5. Aeneadum] The patronymic Aencades is used for the 'followers of Aeneas.' prima juventa signans 'streaking with the first down of manhood.'

55

56

10. dira] 'intense.'

13. Rutulos] the Rutuli were a people of Latium whose capital was Ardea, a town about twenty-four miles S. of Rome. Here Turnus has his residence. fiducia rerum 'confidence in the turn of affairs,' obj. gen. Cp. Aen. 1, 452 adflictis melius confidere rebus.

16. quid...dubitem] 'what I am revolving.' Dubito may take an acc. or it may be used absolutely, or followed by quin or by de with abl.

17. patres] 'senators.'

18. qui...reportent 'to bring back.' Cp. 27, 21.

21. muros et moenia Pallantea] 'the walls and buildings of Pallantium,' the city of Evander on the Palatine, where Aeneas then was. muros are the city walls. would include the walls of the buildings of all sorts.

24. summis rebus] 'extreme danger.'

moenia

27. Argolicum terrorem] 'the terrors inspired by the Greeks,' i.e. when invading Troy.

28. sublatum] 'reared.' The use of tollere in this sense came from the practice of the father lifting an infant whom he wished to be reared and not exposed for death.

29. fata extrema] 'his desperate fortunes.'

30. et istum...honorem] and one to believe the honour you are aiming at (istum) cheaply purchased at the cost of life.' For qui credat cp. v. 17; L.P. § 150. vita is abl. of price; L.P. § 117. bene emi exactly equivalent to the French bon

marché.

32. equidem strengthened form of quidem cp. 9, 23. [The fact that it most often occurs with verbs in the first person led to the false etymology ego...quidem].

33-34. non] 'not so!' ovantem 'triumph.' [àF-ów 'to shout' cp. 9, 31.] aequis 'kindly.'

6

35-36. quae multa...tali] 'for such things often befall in an adventure such as this.' in adversum whither I would not,' i. c. into misfortune.

38-40. qui mandet 'one to commit me,' cp. v. 18. inferias 'funeral rites' [inferi]. decoret applied by Ennius in the same sense, nemo me lacrimis decoret.

42. sola multis e matribus ausa] 'venturing on what no other of all the mothers did.' Acesta the other Trojan women remained in Acesta [Segesta] in N. W. of Sicily. curat cares to remain in.'

47. servantque vices] 'take their turns,' i.e. of relieving 57 guard. statione 'his post' as sentry.

48.

52.

regem] i.e. the prince Iulus. Niso dat. after comes.

summis rebus] 'the most important interests,' with an idea of extreme danger, cp. 24.

53. facerent...esset] subj. in indirect question; L.P. § 149. 55.

castrorum et campi medio hendiadys for medio castrorum campi 'in the middle of the open space of the camp.' Vergil is thinking of the arrangement of a Roman camp in which two-thirds is filled with soldiers' tents, the upper part or Praetorium was comparatively empty.

56. alacres orant] 'pray eagerly.' admittier the older form of the passive infinitive admitti. oro in prose requires ut and subjunct.

56. rem magnam] sc. esse (They say) that the affair is important, that the delay will be well repaid.'

58-59. trepidos] 'in feverish haste.' aequis cp. 34.

60. Aeneadae] v. 5. nostris spectentur ab annis 'be judged by our youth.'

62-63. locum conspeximus] 'we have reconnoitered for our secret expedition the ground which spreads out near the forked roads of the gate nearest the sea.' [I cannot think that in bivio portae in porta]. The gate nearest the sea is selected as that likely to be less guarded by the enemy, and which in fact they were watching more carelessly (interrupti ignes).

=

64. 'There is a break in the chain of watch-fires.'

65.

uti] to take advantage of.' Cp. Hor. quo mihi fortuna si non conceditur uti?

66. quaesitum] 'You will see Aeneas searched for as far as the walls of Pallanteum and presently be here laden with spoil after a mighty slaughter has been achieved.' Another way of explaining the passage is to take quaesitum as a supine in apposition to uti. If you allow us to take advantage of our fortune, to search for Aeneas as far as the walls of Pallanteum; you will soon see him here, etc.'

58 69-70. obscuris sub vallibus] go with venatu assiduo 'in our constant hunting expeditions in the dark valleys.'

59

70. amnem] i.e. the Tiber, the Trojans are encamped near its mouth.

71. animi] cp. 24, 2; 'ripe in wisdom,' L. L.

73-74. tamen] 'after all.' certa 'resolute.'

77. pro laudibus istis] 'for these noble deeds of yours.' 80. actutum] 'promptly' [actu, the termination is the enclitic dum]. integer aevi 'young,' the opposite of aevi maturus, Aen. 5, 73. For the gen. aevi cp. 71: inscius aevi is a variation of the same idea [G. 3, 189].

82. immo] 'nay rather,' modifies a previous statement. as not strong enough.

'nay more than that.' immo Here it qualifies haud immemor

cui sola salus genitore reducto] 'I whose only hope of safety is in the return of my father.'

to.'

84-85. canae] 'ancient.' fides 'whatever I have to trust

88. te vero etc.] to Euryalus.

92. tibi...fides] 'in you I will have the greatest confidence in word and deed,' i.e. I will make you my confidant in everything I do or say.

94-95. me nulla dies etc.] 'me no lapse of time shall prove below the standard of so bold a venture :-So much (I may say) whether fortune prove friend or foe,' i.e. whether I survive this expedition or no. For dies lapse of time,' cp. Hor. si meliora dies ut vina poemata reddit.

99. mecum excedentem] 'seeing that she sallied forth with me.' Acestae cp. v. 43.

101. inque salutatam] a poetical tmesis for insalutatamque..

102. quod nequeam] 'Night and your right hand be my witness (that I so leave her) because I cannot endure a mother's tears.' Dr. K. 'the subjunctive depends on the virtual oratio obliqua contained in nox, etc.'

104. spem tui] 'hope in you.' Cp. 13.

107. patriae pietatis of the dutiful affection which his father the Pius Aencas had shown to his father Anchises.'

113. Imitated from Catullus 62, 142 quae cuncta aerii discerpunt inrita venti. His messages are thrown away, for the young men did not live to deliver them.

114-116. fossas] i.e. the ditch round the camp, which in Roman times regularly had a fossa and vallum. exitio dat. of predicate, L.P. § 108.

117-119. arrectos] 'tipped up,' i.e. with the back of the 60 cars resting on the ground and the poles in the air. vina 'wine and wine cups.'

120-2. ipsa res] 'the case.' a tergo L. P. 142, C.

123. vasta dabo] 'I will lay waste.' lato limite by a broad path,' i.e. by the way which I shall make by my sword, cp. 5, 156.

126. toto pectore] 'from all his breast,' i.e. profound sleep, which made him breathe heavily.

128. pestem 'destruction,' 'his doom.'

135-137. plurima nocte luserat] 'had played [at dice] many a game that night.' facie cp. 36, 76. multo deo i.c. with much wine.' deo standing for Baccho.

139. turbans] intransitive [cp. 21, 3; 23, 22] 'working confusion,' L.L.

142. Euryali caedes 'the slaughter wrought by Euryalus,' 61 and subj. gen. cp. 26, 1.

145-146. vigilantem] 'awake.' cratera cp. 119.

147. pectore in adverso 'full in the breast,' cp. 23, 3. cum multa morte with much blood.'