one of our students, we grant a single course free of tuition to any teacher named by the superintendent of the town." In the following institutions the privilege of student teaching in the public high school is given at no expense to the school or department of education: George Washington, Washington (St. Louis), Leland Stanford, Cincinnati, Pennsylvania, New York University; total, six. Others do not use a high school, or do not report anything under this item. ADMINISTRATION OF STUDENT TEACHING FOR LABORATORY SCIENCE. At Northwestern the student teacher must take charge of laboratory periods as if the class were his own. At Pittsburgh the first year is often spent chiefly as a laboratory assistant, the second year is that of teaching, and the laboratory work is extra. At Teachers College the student teacher acts as assistant. This covers a period of nine weeks. At Harvard the student teacher actually directs the laboratory work. At the University of Cincinnati the student begins as assistant and later does actual teaching. At Leland Stanford some few do assistant work in freshman class of the college. At Chicago the teacher takes actual charge of the laboratory period. George Washington, Washington, New York University, and Pennsylvania report that they have as yet done nothing with this kind of work. This reveals two dominant practices: First, acting as assistant in the laboratory; second, combining this with some real direction of laboratory work. SUGGESTIONS AS TO ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION. The reply from Cornell University recommends the New York City "teachers in training" plan. From Johns Hopkins comes the statement that the plan of using public high schools has certain advantages, if it can be established upon a cooperative basis. The following from Northwestern seems very good: (1) A practice school over which you have absolute control; (2) a good corps of critic teachers; (3) cooperation on the part of all the heads of the departments in the university. These three things are necessary. The Pittsburgh plan is liked very much at that institution. It has one defect, i. e., that the distance from the school of education to the high school is often too great to work to efficiency. Harvard University, with its system of cooperation between the university and public high schools, would add pay from the university to critic teachers in public schools for good supervision. At Cincinnati the fact that the college of teachers is a part of the city system eliminates many difficulties found in other plans. From Stanford comes the following statement: "The thing most needed is, in my opinion, a university and not a department machinery and interest." From the school of education, University of Chicago: "Separate observation courses have been abolished." Theory and practice courses have been broken up into theory courses and practice courses, in order to protect the practice from neglect. The opinion from Washington University and George Washington University is that the practice school should be under control of the institution giving the training. Here, again, is variety of opinion. There seems to be no general agreement in these suggestions. OTHER UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES. Names. Secondary school Number of Own.1 Public.1 Amount of Alfred University. Alma College. Ashland College Baldwin-Wallace College. Bellevue College. Beloit College.. Bowdoin College. Brown University College of the City of New York. Colorado College.. Cotner College Dakota Wesleyan University University of Denver.. Doane College. Earlham College. Elon College.. Fairmount College Franklin College.. Geneva College. Grand Island College. Greenville College (Ill.). Grinnell College. Gustavus Adolphus College. Hanover College. Hastings College.. Heidelberg University. Henry Kendall College Hiram College.. Hope College. Howard University (col.) Juniata College. Kalamazoo College. King College. Lawrence College. Lebanon Valley College. Lehigh University. Lincoln Memorial University Macalster College.. Middlebury College. Milwaukee-Downer College. 1 The cross (X) means yes. 2 Joint control of a single school. * Ten weeks. Approximately. "About a month's work." "From one day to two months." 7 "150 to 600 periods." • Uses subfreshman class. 925 per cent of seniors. 10 About 20 hours." 11 "Very few." 13 Very little. 12 Two replies received; one gave "30 hours or more." 14 Very little; not more than half a dozen periods a student. 15 Two hours per week. 16 One year, 4 hours a week. The semester hours here tabulated are obtained by two methods: First, the amount of teaching was sometimes stated in semester hours; second, in other cases it was estimated on the basis of the number of class periods actually taught, counting 18 such periods as one semester hour. In computing the average deviations, but one set of measures has been used, i. e., the one measure and the minimum, for example, the measures for Temple University are 25-30, and 25 was the only one used. In the totals for institutions using "Own" or "Public" high school, there are nine cases in which both kinds are used. Also, Beloit reports that the students of the methods class teach each other. A number of institutions, not in the table, report the same practice, but give no other data, and so are not here included. Some of the institutions offer practice teaching, but not for secondary teachers. Berea College offers this work, but only for the training of country school teachers. Two institutions report that they do not deem it wise to offer such work. One writes: There are a number of normal schools in this State which teach methods and nothing else much, and I feel that it is the mission of this school to give something that can not be gotten there. I base my work on the assumption that there are certain things which everyone should know, whether he teaches or not. I build it around two or three subjects as centers; one of these is genetic psychology, another abnormal psychology, and another hygiene. Another writes: The practice school is usually too artificial to be worth much. In my opinion the smaller colleges will do best without it. Fifty-seven of these institutions offer practice teaching for secondary teachers amounting to two or three semester hours, about 700 students sharing in this kind of work. Fifty-eight of these institutions offer no such work for secondary teachers, yet send their graduates into high schools to teach. Approximately 50 per cent of the third group, then, recognize the value of this work to the extent of offering a low minimum of it, while the other 50 per cent do not offer it at all. HOW THE STUDENT TEACHERS ARE SELECTED. Alfred University. "They are seniors who have shown teaching ability in the education work of the junior year. They must also have the indorsement of the college department" concerned. Alma College.-"The head of the department of education and the superintendent of schools consider the qualifications of the candidate and the need of the school and select on that basis." Ashland College. "All persons who finish our normal course." department." "By the head of the Baldwin-Wallace College. "From junior and senior college classes. Very few juniors." Bellevue College.-Required of all who receive college first-grade certificate for Nebraska. Beloit College.-Membership in methods class gives privilege of teaching members of same class. Bowdoin College.-"By the professor of education." Brown University.-"Partly by myself" (professor of education), "partly by the superintendent of schools, and partly by the school committee." Central College (Mo.).-All who meet State requirements for college graduates' State certificate. "These are seniors in the college. We allow the stronger ones to begin in the first semester. The less promising we reserve until we are sure they will graduate, and until they have fulfilled all the other requirements." Clark College. "Only students who gave promise of success. With a single exception, they were men of high standing both in their general college work and in pedagogy. We mean to have it regarded as a privilege." Coe College. "By the officer of the subfreshman class on scholarship." College of the City of New York.-Student approved first by head of collegiate department concerned, and then by head of department of education. Colorado College.-Students make application for the work. Reply did not state further methods, if any used. Cotner University.—Selected by the head of the department of education. Dakota Wesleyan University.-Work is elective. University of Denver.-Selected by head of department of education. Doane College.-Required of all seniors who are candidates for teachers' certifi cates. Earlham College. Some juniors and seniors selected by superintendent and highschool principal. Elon College.-Selected from classes of third and fourth year students. Fairmount College.-Selected by the department of education in consultation with the departments in which the teaching is to be done. Franklin College (Ind.).—Recommended by department of education in college and selected by the city superintendent. Geneva College.--Selected by head of department of education and psychology. Grand Island College.—“By president, head of department of education, and head of department in which teaching is done, in conference." Greenville College.-"On recommendation of heads of departments." Grinnell College.-Membership in class on methods and sanction of superintendent of schools. Gustavus Adolphus College.-Seniors who wish State certificate. Hanover College.-"By the president." Hastings College.-"Have been able so far to supply work for all desiring it." Henry Kendall.-Use advanced students to assist in academy. Hiram College.-"Seniors expecting to teach who have had prerequisite course. Hope College.-Seniors who make average of 85 per cent in all other work. Howard University (colored).—All seniors required to do practice teaching. Juniata College-Required of all who elect course in high-school methods. Kalamazoo College.—“Each member of class in pedagogy takes his turn in alphabetical order." Required of all in class. King College.-"By the president." Lawrence College.-Selected by head of department of education. Lebanon Valley College.-No report on this point. Lehigh University.-Apparently the work is elective. Lincoln Memorial University.-No report on this point. Macalester College.-Required of all who expect to teach. Middlebury College.-"By the head of the department on the basis of pedagogical, academic, and personal qualifications." Milton College.-Membership in class in pedagogy for some. fitness. Others as to special Milwaukee-Downer College.—Required of all candidates for certificates or degree in home economics. Missouri Valley College.-"All those who take the course teach." Mount Union College.-"From upper classmen who are endeavoring to meet the new school code and who have had preceding theory." Muskingum College.-Report does not reveal procedure. Nebraska Wesleyan University.-"All seniors who have had prerequisites." Oberlin College.-"All members of the class in practice teaching." Limited to summer work in 1914. Ohio Northern University.-Report does not reveal practice followed. Ottawa University.-Excellence in content subject and in course in principles of secondary method. Otterbein College.-Report does not reveal actual practice followed. Park College. By the professor of education. Ripon College.-By professor of education. College of St. Elizabeth.-Juniors and seniors who elect pedagogy courses. St. Johns University.-On basis of at least two years' college work. St. Olaf College.-Seniors who received sanction of department concerned with content subject and who are taking 15 semester hours in education. Shaw University (colored).—Work too recent to report on in detail. |