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Exercise 110.

Give the Number, Gender, and Person of each Relative Pronoun in Exercise 105.

INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS.

204. Before who (with whose and whom), which and what came to be used as Relative Pronouns they were used, as they still are, in asking questions.

Examples.

Who hath woe? who hath redness of eyes?

This is my hat; whose is that?

Whom do you want?

Which of the scholars is to have the prize?
What did they say?

205. When thus used they are called Interrogative1 Pro

nouns.

206. Who? (with whose? and whom?) is used when we expect the answer to be the name of a person; what? when we expect the answer to be the name of a thing.

207. Which? is used when we are asking about a known number of persons or things.

Exercise 111.

Pick out the Interrogative Pronouns and say in what Case cach is.

To whom are you writing? Who hath measured the waters? What do you want? For what are they looking? Whom do the people expect? Whose house is that? What is the matter? By whom was the man employed? Whose is the field which was sold? What are you thinking about? Who spoke so loudly? Whom should I trust? What makes that ship drive on so fast? What is the ocean doing?

From the La in inter, thoroughly, and rogatio (Gen. rogation-is), asking, from regare, to ask.

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203. Whether? meaning which of two?' was formerly used as an Interrogative Pronoun; as Whether is greater, the gold or the temple?'-Matthew xxiii., 17.

209. Which? and what? are sometimes used as Interrogative Adjectives; as, 'In which book?' 'At what time?'

DEMONSTRATIVE, INDEFINITE, AND DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUNS.

210. We now come to certain words about the treatment of which grammarians differ greatly. These words are:

1. This (Pl. these), that (Pl. those).

2. One, aught, naught, any, other, another, several, divers, few, many, some, certain, no, none, all.

3. Each, every, either, neither.

Some writers call all (or nearly all) these words Pronouns, others Adjectives, and others Adjective Pronouns, while some divide them into Pronouns and Adjectives.

Perhaps the simplest plan is to call them Adjectives when they are followed by Nouns expressed or clearly understood, and Pronouns when not so followed.

211. We thus have

1. Demonstrative 2 Pronouns, as in
This is my book; that is yours.

These are my books; those are yours.

I am tired; this makes me cross.

The day was wet; that was why I did not come.
John's conduct is better than that of Frank.

And reason raise o'er instinct as you can,

In this [the second named, instinct] 'tis God directs, in
that [the first named, reason] 'tis man.

The busy sylphs surround their darling care,
These set the head and those divide the hair.

See Notes for Teachers,' p. 258, Note 25.

From the Latin de, fully, and monstratus, p.p. of monstrare, to show.

2. Indefinite Pronouns, as in

One does not know what to think.

But go, my son, and see if aught be wanting
Among thy father's friends.

If this work be of men it will come to naught.

I wound and I heal, neither is there any that can deliver out of my hand.

Were I king

I should cut off the nobles from their lands,
Desire his jewels and this other's house.

And all was done, let others judge how well.

In lowliness of mind let each esteem other better than themselves.

He can weep his sorrows with another's eyes.

Some to the shores do fly,

Some to the woods.

Jehoram slew divers of the princes of Israel.
Few, few shall part where many meet.

Certain of them with us went to the sepulchre.
Several of my friends have been to India.

Ye shall flee when none pursueth you.

Naught's had, all's spent

Where our desire is got without consent.

3. Distributive Pronouns, as in

It sat upon each of them.

I do not believe either of them.

I believe neither of them.

Exercise 112.

Say what is the kind and the Case of each Pronoun printed in italics.

This is the new hat and that is the old one. Parent of good. Those are our friends, the Johnsons. different stories that one feels inclined to doubt ali

These are thy works,

One hears so many of them. Many be

called but few [be] chosen. Has aught been heard of the travellers? We have heard naught. I do not want any of you boys. The master wants James or John; either will do. Neither is present this morning. Then he must have another. The poor man asked for help but got none. I bought five apples; will you have some of them? Of animals some creep, and others walk. There's one did laugh. Each to other hath strongly sworn. Then either's love was either's life. Several of my books are lost. Love all, trust few, wrong none. I smote certain of them.

Then none was for a party,

And all were for the State.

REVISION.

Learn again

212. A Pronoun is a word used instead of a Noun.

213. Pronouns have three Persons, the First, Second, and Third.

The First Person is used when one is speaking of himself or of himself and others.

The Second Person is used when one is speaking to others of themselves.

The Third Person is used when one is speaking about persons or things, but not to them.

214. Pronouns are―

Personal

Reflexive

Relative

Interrogative

Demonstrative
Indefinite

Distributive

I, thou, he, she, it, &c. [See par. 175.]

Myself, thyself, himself, &c. [See par. 182.]

Who, which, what, that. [See pars. 194-9, and 201.]

Who? which? what?

This, that, with their Plurals.

One, aught, naught, any, other, another, some, several, divers, few, many, none, all.

Each, either, neither.

Exercise 113.

Parse all the Pronouns fully, thus :

The woman who called this morning said she was coming again lo-morrow.

Who

She

Relative Pronoun, Singular Number, Feminine Gender, Third Person, agreeing with its Antecedent woman, Nominative Case, Subject to called. Personal Pronoun, Singular Number, Feminine Gender, Third Person, Nominative Case, Subject to the Verb was coming.

'What is truth?' said jesting Pilate.

He that dies in an earnest pursuit is like one that is wounded in hot blood.

The present scene, the future lot,
His toils, his wants, were all forgot.

If thou wouldst view fair Melrose aright,
Go visit it by the pale moonlight.

Thy secret keep; I urge thee not;

Yet, ere again ye sought this spot,

Say, heard ye nought of Lowland war?

That, father, I will gladly do.

Certain there were who swore to the truth of this.

Signor Antonio commends him to you.

With whomsoever thou findest thy goods let him not live.

Who hath woe? who hath redness of eyes?

And all was done; let others judge how well.

Few shall part where many meet.

It sat upon each of them.

H

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