REVISION.

Learn again

232. An Adjective is a word joined to a Noun (or Pronoun) to show what sort of, how many, how much, or which persons or things are spoken of.

Or

An Adjective is a word joined to a Noun to limit its application.'-Bain.

233. Adjectives of Quality show what kind of person or thing. 234. Adjectives of Quantity show how much or how many. 235. Demonstrative Adjectives show which one. 236. Adjectives have three Degrees of Comparison, the Positive, the Comparative, and the Superlative.

The Comparative of short Adjectives is formed by adding -er, and the Superlative by adding -est to the Positive.

Exercise 120.

Parse all Adjectives (except the Demonstratives an or a and the), thus :

That

That tall man gave my youngest sister five oranges.

Tall

Youngest

Five

Demonstrative Adjective, Singular Number joined to the Noun man. [Only when parsing this and that, with their Plurals these and those, need the Number be stated.]

Adjective of Quality, Positive Degree, joined to the Noun man.

Adjective of Quality, Superlative Degree, joined to the Noun sister.

Adjective of Quantity joined to the Noun oranges.
The Arabs are more courageous than the Egyptians.
Arabs

Parse as Nouns. (See par. 221.)

Adverb of Degree (see par. 325) joined to the Adjective courageous.

Adjective of Quality, Comparative Degree, joined to the Noun Arabs.

Good

The good deserve to be loved.

Adjective of Quality used as a Noun, Collective,
Common Gender, Nominative Case, Subject to the
Verb deserve.

And the dying baron slowly
Turned his weary head to hear.

In that hour of deep contrition
He beheld with clearer vision.

Every vassal of his banner,
Every serf born to his manor,

All those wronged and wretched creatures

By his hand were freed again.

It [the sun] glanced on flowing flag and rippling pennon
And the white sails of ships,

And, from the frowning rampart, the black cannon
Hailed it with feverish lips.

He did not pause to parley or dissemble,
But smote the warden hoar.

Then fell upon the house a sudden gloom,

A shadow on those features fair and thin,
And softly from the hushed and darkened room,
Two angels issued where but one went in.

Gone are all the barons bold,

Gone are all the knights and squires,

Gone the abbot stern and cold,

And the brotherhood of friars.

Like the river, swift and clear,
Flows his song.

The tidal wave of deeper souls
Into our inmost being rolls.

The evil bow before the good, and the wicked at the gates of the

righteous.

VERBS.

ACTIVE VOICE.

Work again Exercise 13.

Read again Paragraphs 129-131.

Work again Exercise 89.

237. A Verb when it has an Object is said to be in the Active Voice.1

Exercise 121.

Give the Voice of each Verb in Exercise 90.

PASSIVE VOICE.

Read again Paragraphs 16 and 17.

Work again Exercise 19.

238. If Tom broke a window there was an ACTION (breaking), Tom was the doer of the action, and a window was the object of it; in other words, it was to a window that the action was done.

In the sentence Tom broke a window,' the Noun Tom is the Subject of the VERB broke, and the Noun window is the Object of it.

In the sentence 'A window was broken by Tom,' the same statement is made as before, but now the name of that which was the object of the ACTION has become the subject of the VERB, and the Verb is said to be in the Passive 2 Voice.

Exercise 122.

Give the Voice of each Verb.

The purse was stolen yesterday. All the wood has been burned. The road will be mended next week. The farm is well tilled. The watch has

1 The Active Voice receives its name because the Verb shows that the person or thing named by the Subject is acting or doing.

2 From the Latin passivus, suffering, from passus, p. p. of pati, to suffer. The Passive Voice was supposed to be the form of the Verb which denoted that the person or thing named by the Subject suffered an action,

just been cleaned. The room has been dusted carefully. The copy is written nicely. The curtain was torn by the kitten. That house was built by my father; it will be sold next Monday. The top of the table has been planed.

Additional sentences :-Exercise 20, b.

TRANSITIVE VERBS.

239. A Verb in the Active Voice or in the Passive Voice is said to be Transitive.

Exercise 123.

Pick out the Transitive Verbs and give the Voice of each.

John threw the ball. The town was destroyed by an earthquake. Marlborough gained many victories. The docks were opened by the king. We expect a good harvest. The picture has been torn by the baby. The storm frightened the passengers. The first class is taught by Mr. Vincent. The cuckoo was heard this morning. The mother carried her child upstairs. The prisoner has been caught. The gamekeeper shot fifteen hares. The baker has sold all his loaves. The general was welcomed on his return. Mary wrote a pretty letter. The joint will be cooked to-morrow. The baby tore my sister's book. By whom was the ink spilled? The artist has painted a pretty picture. The cake was made by my little girl. The window was broken by a stone. Who broke the window? I bought an atlas this morning. The child was knocked down by a cart. The mice ate all the cheese. Fred has been sent for by his mother. The servant cut her finger.

Exercise 124.

In Exercises 20 and 123 change the form of the sentences so that the Verbs in the Active Voice are made Passive, and the Verbs in the Passive Voice are made Active.

INTRANSITIVE VERBS.

240. Verbs which are not Transitive are called Intransitive. Intransitive Verbs are sometimes said to be of the Neuter Voice. Read Exercise 10. All the Verbs in it are Intransitive.

Exercise 125.

Pick out the Intransitive Verbs.

The roses are blooming brightly. The wind is roaring loudly. The swallows twitter underneath the eaves. The boy is bathing in the river.

My father came home yesterday. The waves were dashing on the rocks. The baby is sleeping soundly. The dog ran after a rabbit. Bats live in dark places. The owl flies at night. The lark sings sweetly. The sun is shining brightly. The bells are ringing. We travelled through Spain last spring. The cat is lying in the sun. The children are going to school. Baby is growing fast. The hens are cackling in the yard.

Exercise 126.

Say of each Verb whether it is Transitive or Intransitive, and give the Voice of each Transitive Verb.

The farmer is sowing oats. The grass was cut yesterday. The cat is sleeping in the sun. Mary darned six pairs of stockings. The roof has been repaired. The little girl runs quickly. Jack drowned three kittens. Three kittens were drowned by Jack. The ship will sail to-morrow. My father arrived yesterday. The map was drawn by Arthur. The boy is drawing an old man. This dinner is badly cooked. The butcher killed three bullocks. The fire is blazing brightly. The moon rose at six o'clock. The cows are feeding in the meadow. The smith is shoeing the bay mare. The milk was spilled by the servant. Scott wrote 'Marmion.' The letter

has just been posted. The room was papered last spring. A mist was driving down the British Channel.

He goes on Sunday to the church

And sits among his boys;

He hears the parson pray and preach,

He hears his daughter's voice,

Singing in the village choir,

And it makes his heart rejoice.

241. A Verb may be Transitive in one sentence, and Intransitive in another; as:

Transitive. The child is blowing bubbles.

a. Say whether the Verbs are Transitive or Intransitive.

King Cole called for his fiddlers. Mary called the cattle home. The bell is ringing. The sexton is ringing the bell. The snow is melting. The sun is melting the snow. The queen rules over a vast empire. Britannia rules the waves. The girl is singing. She is singing an old ballad. Baby woke. Baby woke its nurse. The man is beating carpets. The rain is beating against the window. The fire is burning brightly. The gardener is