rating the borders (tt) from the orchard, the kitchen-garden, the American, and the florist's garden.

tt, Border of flowers arranged for a perpetual succession during the greater part of the year.

u, Dotted lines, representing the proposed holly hedge within the existing hawthorn hedge.

v, Double lines, dotted, representing the situation of the main pipes for conducting the water from the cistern x to the different fountains, and also of another pipe for conducting the water from the forcing-pump

at w to x.

ww, Pipe-drains from the springs U u to v.

xy, Space in which the arboretum is omitted, in order not to shade the peach wall o; but in which the herbaceous arrangement is continued. z, Pits or hot-beds in the experimental garden.

Fig. 72. is a vertical profile of the garden, on the supposition that all the hot-houses are executed, and that the trees and shrubs have had 10 or 12 years' growth.

Fig. 73. is a working-plan of a small portion of the botanical arrangement. In this plan, the situations for the herbaceous plants are shown chiefly as circles; each circle having marked beside it the number of the genus for which it is intended, agreeably to the enumeration of the Hortus Britannicus. The size of the circles is also proportioned to the number of hardy herbaceous plants given in that work; and, according to the calculation of the space dug, will occupy as indicated under each natural order in Part II. (See Hort. Brit., Explanatory Introduction to the Natural Orders, p. 491.; and Illustrations of Landscape-Gardening, &c., Part II. plates vi. and vii.) The small crosses (X), with the numbers attached to them, show the positions of the trees and shrubs; the numbers indicating the species or variety in the Hortus Britannicus. The dotted lines, a b, are imaginary lines, to be drawn on the ground when planting, in order to preserve a clear space of the width of a walk, c c. The dotted lines, d d, are also imaginary; and must be drawn on the ground, when planting, to prevent any of the trees or shrubs from being planted within a certain distance (5 ft.) of the groups of herbaceous plants. It will be observed from the enumeration, that both herbaceous plants and trees proceed in the order indicated by the arrows); and that the herbaceous orders are distinct from those of trees: this being unavoidable, except in gardens many times the size of the botanic ground before us.

In executing this botanic ground, the first process is. to drain, level, trench, and smooth the surface. Then to put down the groups of herbaceous plants, none of them nearer to the walk than, say 3 ft., or nearer to each other than, say 2 ft.; always preserving 3 ft. between the last genus of one order or tribe, and the first genus of that which

follows. Where there is abundance of room, the groups may all be made circular, and may proceed in one line along the margin of the walk, their circumferences being all at one uniform distance from it, as in fig. 74.; but where the space is

74

Оо

о

ос

limited, the line for the small groups will require occasionally to be made circuitous, and the form of the large groups to be made irregular, or, at all events, of greater length than breadth, for the sake of adjusting the whole collection of plants to the extent of the ground and its outline. Thus, in fig.73., something is gained by the circuitous direction of the groups at e, and by making group ƒ of an elongated shape; for, if group f had been made circular, it would have interfered with the continuity of the arboretum. The position of all the groups of herbaceous plants being fixed on, and their boundary lines being cut out with a spade, the dotted lines which bound the arboretum are then to be traced on the ground, according to the rule before mentioned; and the positions of the trees are to be found by the following rules. Keep within the boundary lines; let no tree or shrub be nearer another than 5 ft., and let every species be at least 2 ft. in advance of the other; that is, measuring on the lines a b. The reason for placing one tree, or shrub, somewhat in advance of the other, is, that a guide is thus given to the position of any species or variety which may come the next to any other species or variety; thus, if we have found Carpinus 28383, we know that the variety will be in advance of

28383

the species to which it belongs; whereas, if we did not know this, we might be seeking it either on a line to the right or

left, or behind it. The advantage of these rules being acknowledged, the planter has only to make the most of his space, zigzagging the trees from one imaginary line to the other, but never going beyond either. As the positions of the trees and shrubs are found, a pin, or stake, having the number of the plant marked on it, should be driven in, there to remain till the plant is got, and a proper name and number affixed to it, either in Murray's manner (described Vol. III. p. 29.), or in that of Allardyce (p. 33.). The temporary numbers may be either notched on the stakes, or marked with a pencil on white lead rubbed on a part of the stake or pin, previously cut smooth with a knife. In the centre of every group intended for herbaceous plants, a numbered stake should also be put down; for which is afterwards to be substituted a tally, containing simply the name of the order or tribe, and its number; and the name of the genus for which the group is intended, with its number. Each species, as it is added, will only require the specific name, with or without the initial letter of the genus. It is almost unnecessary to mention, that, where groups of water plants occur in the herbaceous arrangement, small basins (fig. 73. e e e,) must be made for them, proportionate to the spaces which they will occupy, as indicated by figures in the Hortus Britannicus, and by circles in plate vii. of Illustrations of Landscape-Gardening. All the groups and basins for herbaceous plants being notched out, and stakes put in at the proper places for inserting all the trees and shrubs, the surface not occupied by the groups may next be sown with a proper mixture of grass seeds. (p. 176.)

As the plants and trees are introduced in their places, it will become necessary to introduce with them their appropriate soils; but this will not interfere with any of the foregoing operations: neither will the circumstance, that with some species of shrubs it may be necessary to prevent the grass from growing within a few inches of their stems; and with others, to place a bed of small stones round the stems, to prevent them from damping off with moisture.

Fig. 75. shows the plan, section, and elevation of the proposed circular range of hot-houses, the construction of which is so simple, that very little description is requisite. The ground plan (A B C) is exhibited in a dissected state; one part (A) showing the foundations; another part (B) representing the steam or hot-water pipes laid down; and the remaining part (c) exhibiting the beds as filled with earth, and the walks as completed with pavement or cast-iron grating. The details of this plan are as follow: :

a a a a, The main entrances from the surrounding terrace.
bbbb, Corresponding entrances from the interior area.

cccc, &c., Beds for large specimens to grow in the free soil.
ddd, &c., Shelves for plants in pots.

eeee, The exterior pit, in four divisions.

ffff, The interior pit, in four divisions.

g, Central tower, in which is contained the steam or hot-water apparatus in the cellar story, a potting-shed on the ground floor, and in the upper