1

FIGURE

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

1. Dante, Homer, and Virgil. A group from The Parnassus, one of Raphael's mural paintings in the Vatican.

Frontispiece

PAGE

2. Facsimile of the Codex Mediceus of Virgil, a manuscript of the fifth century. In the Laurentian Library in Florence. The passage given in the illustration is Aeneid V. 668-696. xvii 3. The Ludovisi Juno. In the National Museum, Rome. Of this Goethe said, "No words can give any idea of it; it is like a verse from Homer "

4. The Judgment of Paris. A Pompeian wall-painting. In Naples

5. The Jupiter Otricoli (so called, because found at Otricoli, near Rome). In the Vatican Museum. It is the most famous representation of the god extant

6. The Young Augustus and Julius Caesar. portrait busts in the British Museum.

7. Augustus, as emperor.

8. The Diana of Versailles.

In the Vatican.

1

Two marble

12

See Introd. § 36

13

14

See Introd. § 36.

27

9. Venus Genetrix. In the Louvre, Paris.

10 The Death of Laocoön. This famous group of the Vatican was made by three sculptors in the island of Rhodes, viz. Agesander, Polydorus, and Athenodorus, about the begin

12. Minerva. She wears an aegis, with the Gorgon's head, and in her right hand supports a winged Victory. At Deepdene, Surrey

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FIGURE

13. The Tabula Iliaca, a small gypsum tablet, with sculptured scenes of the sack of Troy. In the centre we see Aeneas and his family leaving the city under the guidance of Hermes (Mercury). Aeneas is carrying Anchises (the latter holding the Penates), and leads Ascanius by the hand, while a female figure (presumably Creusa) follows. Lower down, to our right, the party is embarking. The helmsman Misenus brings up the rear, but the woman is no longer to be seen. The tablet is in the Capitoline

Museum at Rome

14. Map of the Wanderings of Aeneas

15. A Roman Sacrifice. A marble relief in the Louvre, Paris 16. A Roman Harbor, with Ships, Lighthouse, Triumphal Arch, Statues, and Blazing Altar. A relief in the Museo Torlonia, Rome.

17. Mount Aetna from Taormina. From a photograph
18. The Leconfield Venus. In a private collection in London 1
19. The Apollo Belvedere. (See Byron, Childe Harold's Pil-
grimage, Canto IV, Stanza 161.) In the Vatican
20. Mercury. In the Vatican. "A lovely, thoughtful, charm-
ing head" (Potter, The Art of the Vatican)
21. Atlas supporting the Heavens, which are represented as a
globe with the signs of the zodiac. A statue in Naples
22. The Death of Pentheus. A bronze mirror in the Collegio
Romano, Rome.

24. Bronze Statue of a Boxer.
25. Palaemon, seated on a Dolphin. In the Glyptothek, Mu-

In the National Museum, Rome

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nich

146

23. A Sea-deity and his Family. An enlarged gem

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151

26. Daedalus and Icarus. A cameo in Naples. The figure behind Daedalus is probably Pasiphae. The seated goddess is Artemis.

27. The Cumaean Sibyl, by Michael Angelo. On the ceiling of
the Sixtine Chapel, Rome
28. Proserpina becomes the Bride of Pluto. A Greek vase-
painting. The picture shows Demeter, a winged Eros

1 See Furtwängler, Masterpieces of Greek Sculpture, p. 343.

FIGURE

(symbolic of love), Hecate with her torch, and Hermes
pointing out the way.

29. Charon receiving a Dead Woman from Hermes. A Greek vase-painting. In Munich

30. Hercules and Cerberus. On a vase in Naples 31. Cybele turrita. A statue from Formiae

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154

161

32. The Glorification of Augustus. A famous cameo in Vienna.
All the interest centres in the emperor, who sits enthroned,
holding in his left hand a sceptre, and in his right the
lituus of an augur. Above him is the star of his nativity
(Capricorn). Beside him sits the goddess Roma. An-
other goddess holds a crown of oak leaves above his
head. Caelus and Terra (with her children) are spectators
of the scene. On the left, Tiberius is stepping from a
chariot driven by a Victory. The boy is Germanicus.

In the lower part are captives, while Roman soldiers
are raising a trophy

33. Julius Caesar and Pompey, the former with laurel wreath
and star. Two gems in Berlin.
34. Marcellus the Younger. The uppermost portion of the
great Paris Cameo, of which the main subject (set forth in
a lower scene) is the glorification of the emperor Tiberius.
In the part reproduced we see the deified Augustus with
a sceptre. The soldier with a shield is Drusus, brother
of Tiberius, who died in 9 B.C. The figure in Phrygian
garb, poised in the air before Augustus, is Aeneas, the
ancestor of the Julian family, who holds in his hands a
sphere, symbolic of world-power. The figure on the
winged horse, which is led by a Cupid, is Marcellus,1 the
adopted son and heir of Augustus, whose early death in
23 B.C. was much lamented
35. Ganymede and the Eagle. Greek mirror, with relief.
36. Neptune. Lange's restoration of the Posidon of Lysippus
(end of fourth century, B.C.)

37. Head of the Venus of Milo, the most famous of the treasures of the Louvre in Paris

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182

184

193

203

213

1 So Furtwängler, Antike Gemmen.