as we are, is cheerfulness and courage, and the endeavor to realize our aspirations."

Example of 'pure tone,' with lively median stress.

2. "It is now sixteen or seventeen years since I saw the Queen of France, then the Dauphiness, at Versailles, and surely never lighted on this orb, which she hardly seemed to touch, a more delightful vision.

"I saw her just above the horizon, decorating and cheering the elevated sphere she just began to move in, glittering like the morning-star, full of life, and splendor, and joy."

Lower pitch' and 'slower time.' 'Long quantity,' and prolonged median stress.

3. "O! what a revolution! and what a heart must I have to contemplate without emotion that elevation and that fall! Little did I dream that I should have lived to see such disasters fallen upon her, in a nation of gallant men, in a nation of men of honor, and of cavaliers! I thought ten thousand swords must have leaped from their scabbards, to avenge even a look that threatened her with insult.

"But the age of chivalry is gone, and the glory of Europe is extinguished forever."

The following selection from Shelley's "To a Skylark," is full of rapturous beauty, and requires the 'purest tone' and the smoothest and happiest median stress,' prolonged with swelling fulness on the emphatic words:

4.

6

Bird thou never wert,
That from heaven, or near it,

Pourest thy full heart

In profuse strains of unpremeditated art.

"Higher still and higher

From the earth thou springest;
Like a cloud of fire,

The blue deep thou wingest,

And singing still dost soar, and soaring ever singest.

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"In the golden lightning

Of the sunken sun,

O'er which clouds are brightening,

Thou dost float and run,

Like an unbodied joy whose race is just begun.

"All the earth and air

With thy voice is loud,

As, when night is bare,

From one lonely cloud

The moon rains out her beams, and heaven is overflowed.

"What thou art, we know not;

What is most like thee?

From rainbow clouds there flow not

Drops so bright to see,

As from thy presence showers a rain of melody.

"Better than all measures

Of delightful sound,

Better than all treasures

That in books are found,

Thy skill to poet were, thou scorner of the ground!

"Teach me half the gladness

That thy brain must know,
Such harmonious madness
From my lips would flow,

The world should listen then, as I am listening now."

'Noble' example for pure tone,' to be given also with full 'median stress.'

"We wish that this column, rising towards heaven among the pointed spires of so many temples dedicated to God, may contribute also to produce, in all minds, a pious feeling of de

pendence and gratitude. We wish, finally, that the last object on the sight of him who leaves his native shore, and the first to gladden him who revisits it, may be something which shall remind him of the liberty and glory of his country. Let it rise till it meet the sun in his coming; let the earliest light of morning gild it, and parting day linger and play upon its summit."

'Subdued examples' for very soft force, 'short slides,' gentle 'median stress,' and the 'purest quality.'

"I thought to pass away before, and yet alive I am;
And in the fields all round I hear the bleating of the lamb.
How sadly, I remember, rose the morning of the year!
To die before the snowdrop came, and now the violet's here.
O, sweet is the new violet, that comes beneath the skies,
And sweeter is the young lamb's voice to me that cannot rise,
And sweet is all the land about, and all the flowers that blow,
And sweeter far is death than life to me that long to go.

"O look! the sun begins to rise, the heavens are in a glow;
He shines upon a hundred fields, and all of them I know.
O sweet and strange it seems to me, that ere this day is done,
The voice that now is speaking may be beyond the sun
Forever and forever; all in a blessed home

And there to wait a little while till you and Effie come

To lie within the light of God, as I lie upon your breast And the wicked cease from troubling and the weary are at rest."

'Joyous' example for 'pure quality' and happy 'median stress.'

"And what is so rare as a day in June?

Then, if ever, come perfect days;

Then Heaven tries the earth if it be in tune,

And over it softly her warm ear lays :

Whether we look, or whether we listen,
We hear life murmur, or see it glisten;
Every clod feels a stir of might,

An instinct within it that reaches and towers,
And, groping blindly above it for light,

Climbs to a soul in grass and flowers;

The little bird sits at his door in the sun,
Atilt like a blossom among the leaves,
And lets his illumined being o'errun

With the deluge of summer it receives."

A striking example of both qualities may be taken from the dialogue between "Old Shylock" and "Portia." The tones of Shylock's voice, to express his spite and revenge, must be marked by the most abrupt 'stress' and 'aspirated or impure quality; while the beautiful sentiments of Portia demand the 'smoothest stress' and 'purest quality.'

"PORTIA. Do you confess the bond?

ANTONIO. I do.

POR. Then must the Jew be merciful.

SHYLOCK. On what compulsion must I? Tell me that.
POR. The quality of mercy is not strained;
It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven
Upon the place beneath: it is twice blessed;
It blesseth him that gives and him that takes :
'Tis mightiest in the mightiest it becomes
The throned monarch better than his crown:

It is enthroned in the hearts of kings,

It is an attribute to God himself,

And earthly power doth then show likest God's,
When mercy seasons justice."

Having thus treated of, and illustrated with various kinds of pieces, each one of the elements of elocution, separately, let us now finish our work by learning how all these separate elements unite together and blend in the natural expression of each 'kind' of sentiment.

'Unemotional' pieces should have 'moderate' 'standard force' and 'time' and 'slides' and 'volume,' 'middle pitch,' 'smooth stress,' and 'pure quality' of voice.

Unemotional example.

"There is something nobly simple and pure in a taste for the cultivation of forest trees. It argues, I think, a sweet and generous nature, to have a strong relish for the beauties of vegetation, and a friendship for the hardy and glorious sons of the forest. He who plants an oak looks forward to future ages, and plants for posterity. Nothing can be less selfish than this. He cannot expect to sit in its shade and enjoy its shelter; but he exults in the idea that the acorn which he has buried in the earth shall grow up into a lofty pile, and shall keep on flourishing and increasing and benefiting mankind, long after he shall have ceased to tread his paternal fields."

'Bold' pieces should have 'loud' 'standard force,' 'long slides,' moderate time,' with long quantity on the emphatic syllables, 'middle pitch,' abrupt stress,' and slightly aspirated quality.'

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Bold example.

Who, then, caused the strife

That crimsoned Naseby's field and Marston's Moor?
It was the Stuart; so the Stuart fell!

A victim, in the pit himself had digged!
He died not, sirs, as hated kings have died,
In secret and in shade, no eye to trace
The one step from their prison to their pall:
He died in the eyes of Europe, in the face
Of the broad heaven; amidst the sons of England,
Whom he had outraged; by a solemn sentence,
Passed by a solemn court. Does this seem guilt?
You pity Charles! 'tis well; but pity more
The tens of thousand honest humble men,
Who, by the tyranny of Charles compelled
To draw the sword, fell, butchered in the field !”