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Nota tibi, et nostro doluisti saepe dolore.
Nunc Phoenissa tenet Dido blandisque moratur
Vocibus; et vereor, quo se Iunonia vertant
Hospitia; haud tanto cessabit cardine rerum.
Quocirca capere ante dolis et cingere flamma
Reginam meditor, ne quo se numine mutet,
Sed magno Aeneae mecum teneatur amore.
Qua facere id possis, nostram nunc accipe mentem:

670

675

nis iniquae," where there seems to be no various reading. It is curious that in 11. 587, "fatis urguetur acerbis," some inferior MSS. give "iniquis," apparently from a recollection of 2. 257.

669.] Nota,' for 'notum;' a Grecism: see Il. 16. 128 &c. Comp. 11. 310, “Cetera qua rerum iaceant perculsa ruina, Ante oculos interque manus sunt omnia vestras," Pliny, Paneg. 44 (quoted by Wund.), "An prona parvaque sunt ad aemulandum, quod nemo incolumitatem turpitudine rependit ?" Et nostro doluisti saepe dolore,' apparently a phrase for sympathy, with which Forb. comp. Plaut. Pers. 5. 1 ult., 66 Bene ei, qui hoc gaudio gaudet." 'Dolore' however may be merely an abl. of the occasion, thou hast grieved at my grief.' Serv. gives both interpretations.

670.] Nunc,' Pal., fragm. Vat. a m. pr., and some others. Hunc' Med., Rom., Gud., &c., which Wagn. ingeniously explains as "eum nunc." On the whole I have preferred nunc,' with Wakefield and Ribbeck, as the repetition of 'hunc' v. 680 would be rather formal.

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672.] The nom. to 'cessabit' is Iuno,' contained in Iunonia.' Comp. Livy 2. 53, "Veiens bellum exortum, quibus (Veientibus) Sabini arma conjunxerant' (quoted by Forb.). Serv. says that there is a proverb" res est in cardine, hoc est, in articulo." A similar use of cardo' is found in imitators of Virg., as Statius and Val. Flaccus, and twice in Quinctilian: see Forc. Here it may conceivably have been chosen with reference to 'vertant,' which would agree with Serv.'s explanation, "a

ianua, quae motu cardinis hac atque illac inpelli potest."

673.] Capere ante dolis et cingere flamma.' Both terms are taken from strategy, though they are clearly not meant to be harmonized. The sense is, I mean to make a complete conquest of her, so as to preclude all other intervention. With cingere flamma,' comp. 10. 119, "moenia cingere flammis."

674.] Ne quo se numine mutet,' that Dido's friendly feelings may not be changed by Juno. Quo numine' may either be rendered generally, by any power but mine, or by Juno's power in any way, like quo numine laeso," v. 8. The abl. however is rather that of circumstance than of the instrument.

66

675.] Mecum: "pariter atque ego" is the common interpretation, adopted by Heyne, Wagn., and Forb. Comp. G. 1. 41, "Ignarosque viae mecum miseratus agrestis." According to this interpretation Venus would wish that Dido's affection should not be hollow ("quippe domum timet ambiguam Tyriosque bilinguis"), but as sincere as her own. It might also be proposed to connect 'mecum' closely with teneatur '-kept on my side, or, in my power, which would accord with the general metaphor of the previous lines. Comp. 4. 115, "Mecum erit iste labor." 'Teneri amore' is a common expression; and if the latter interpretation be adopted, Virg. has blended this with other notions, perhaps that of a town invested (“obsidione teneri," 10.109). Serv., who objects to the common view, on the ground that Dido could not love Aeneas like a mother, has "per meos amores, me adnitente," which would not be so natural.

676.] For 'qua,' 'quam' is read by Gud, 'quo' by some other MSS. 'Accipere,' of hearing, 2. 65, like 'dare,' of telling, E. 1. "Haec tibi mens est," 8. 400, though there the notion is rather of purpose than of opinion.

19.

Regius accitu cari genitoris ad urbem
Sidoniam puer ire parat, mea maxuma cura,
Dona ferens, pelago et flammis restantia Troiac;
Hunc ego sopitum somno super alta Cythera
Aut super Idalium sacrata sede recondam,
Ne scire dolos mediusve occurrere possit.
qua
Tu faciem illius noctem non amplius unam
Falle dolo, et notos pueri puer indue voltus,
Ut, cum te gremio accipiet laetissima Dido
Regalis inter mensas laticemque Lyaeum,

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678.] Mea maxuma cura :' so Ascanius 10.132 is called "Veneris iustissima cura,' as also "Dardanius puer." Wagn. not unnaturally complains of the words as otiose here, the plot not being intended to benefit Ascanius in any way, except so far as he is served by any thing which serves Aeneas. It is possible however that the removal of Ascanius to Idalia may be meant to present itself to Venus as a natural outlet for her own affection, as well as in pursuance of the plot: comp. 10. 46-53, where the general thought is parallel. The very obscurity with which this is indicated may be an intentional stroke, in a speech from which every thing is excluded which does not bear on the one object of persuading Cupid. But on such matters it is easy to be over-subtle.

679.] Pelago et flammis' is probably the dat. ('restare being construed like 'superesse'), not the abl., as Forb. thinks. 680.] Sopitum somno.' A similar pleonasm occurs in Lucr. 4. 453, "cum suavi devinxit membra sopore Somnus, et in summa corpus iacet omne quiete (quoted by Forb.). Super alta Cythera:' Venus, like other gods, had her temples in high places. Cythera is called high here, "Alti Idaliae luci" are mentioned just below, v. 692, and "celsa Paphos," 10. 51. Comp. also "sublimis abit," v. 415. Wagn. appears right in remarking that super' is frequently used for entering a high place, as sub' for entering a low place, and 'per' for entering a large place.

and in 10. 86.

681.] Sacrata sede,' in my temple or grove. "Cereris sedem sacratam," 2.742. As might be expected, two MSS. have

"secreta."

VOL. II.

680

685

682.] Ne qua scire dolos.' There is something inartificial in the arrangement here, as Cupid has not yet been told that he is to personate Ascanius, and the only way in which Ascanius could spoil the plot would be by appearing along with Cupid. Venus however has had the details in her mind from the first, v. 658, and she naturally dismisses the subject of Ascanius first, so as to conclude her speech with instructions to Cupid. Henry distinguishes between knowledge of the plot (scire dolos') and accidental intervention (medius occurrere '). "Medius intercipit," 10. 402.

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683.] Digitum non altior unum," Lucr. 4. 414. See Madv. § 306.

684.] Falle dolo,' personate. Gossrau comp. μoppǹv doλwσas, Soph. Phil. 129, where however doλoûv merely means to disguise. Comp. rather the use of mentior,' and see note on v. 407. "Notos pueri puer indue voltus:' it will not be difficult for you to put on the expression of a boy as you are a boy yourself. Venus removes an objection by anticipation. The notions of actual transformation and of imitation are blended and perhaps confused throughout. Notos,' not known to Cupid, but i. q. 'solitos :' non corpore notae Sufficiunt vires," 12. 911. Pueri puer' comp. 5. 569.

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685.] Laetissima,' when Dido, at the height of her pleasure as a queen exercising splendid hospitality, and rejoicing herself in the feast, opens her heart and takes thee

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Cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet,
Occultum inspires ignem fallasque veneno.
Paret Amor dictis carae genetricis, et alas
Exuit, et gressu gaudens incedit Iuli.

At Venus Ascanio placidam per membra quietem
Inrigat, et fotum gremio dea tollit in altos
Idaliae lucos, ubi mollis amaracus illum
Floribus et dulci adspirans conplectitur umbra.
Iamque ibat dicto parens et dona Cupido
Regia portabat Tyriis, duce laetus Achate.
Cum venit, aulaeis iam se regina superbis
Aurea conposuit sponda mediamque locavit.

comp. "cineri Sychaeo," 4. 552, "latices Lenaeos," G. 3. 510.

687.] Amplexus dare,' the correlative of "amplexus petere," 8. 615. 'Oscula figet,' 2. 490 note.

688.] Fallas,' sc. "eam," as is proved by the parallel passage 7. 350, "fallitque furentem Vipeream inspirans animam." Poison her unobserved.' Comp. also 9. 572,"longe fallente sagitta." The mix ture of the images of fire and poison reminds us again of the details of the catastrophe in Euripides' Medea, referred to on v. 659.

690.]Gressu gaudens incedit Iuli' refers to his change of nature from a winged god to a boy, not to his change of gait from that of a god (vv. 46, 405., 5. 649) to that of Iulus. "Gaudens,' like “laetus" in v. 696, expresses the sly pleasure with which he enters into his part.

691.] Venus-dea:' see note on v. 496. 692. Lucr. 4. 907, "somnus per mem bra quietem Inriget." Furius Antias ap. Macrob. Sat. 6. 1, "mitemque rigat per pectora somnum." The expression seems to be a translation of the Homeric γλυκὺν ὕπνον ἔχευεν, περὶ δ ̓ ἀμβρόσιος KéXVe vлvos, but the notions expressed by the two are in all probability quite different; the Homeric image being apparently that of sleep enveloping a man (the reader of Don Quixote will recall Sancho Panza's Blessings on the man that invented sleep! it folds round a man like a cloak "), while in 'inrigat' the conception would seem to be of dew or rain coming down. Comp. the image in 5. 854, where Sleep shakes a bough dripping with the dews of Lethe over the temples of Palinurus, and its imitation in Val. Fl. 4. 15. Whether the dews are the dews of night or of the body

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690

695

in sleep, is not clear. Pers. 5. 56 would prove the latter, if he does not mean satiri cally to pervert the image.

694.] 'Umbra' implies that he was cradled among the flowers and leaves. Catull. 59 (61). 8, calls upon Hymen to wreath himself" floribus suaveolentis ama. raci."

695-722.] Cupid arrives as the feast is beginning. He is fondled by Dido, whose affections he kindles gradually.'

695.] Iamque ibat:' meanwhile Cupid had set out on his way.

696.] If laetus' is to be connected with duce,' it means that he shows signs of pleasure as he goes along.

697.] Cum venit.' On his arrival the feast begins. Conposuit-locavit:' the perfect coupled with the historic present venit,' as the pluperfect would have been coupled with the past. Aulaea' are doubtless the awning or curtain that hung from a Roman roof to catch the dust, and under which the couches would be arranged. Comp. Hor. 2 S. 8. 54, and the Schol, there. So also Serv. and the older commentators interpreted it, and so Henry. It is difficult however to account for the abl., which may be either in or under a curtain, or settled herself (conposuit se') with a curtain, as contributing to the ease of the banquet. Heyne, followed by the later editors, takes 'aulaea' for the tapestry on the couch; but there seems to be no authority for this use of the term. Horace's (3 Od. 29.

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"cenae sine aulaeis et ostro 15) might support such a meaning if established, but cannot be quoted to prove it. 698.] Aurea,' dissyllable, 7. 190. Serv. thought it might be nom. Sponda,' the open side of the bed or couch. Dict. A. lectus.' Mediam,' in the centre of the

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Iam pater Aeneas et iam Troiana iuventus
Conveniunt, stratoque super discumbitur ostro.
Dant famuli manibus lymphas, Cereremque canistris
Expediunt, tonsisque ferunt mantelia villis.

Quinquaginta intus famulae, quibus ordine longam
Cura penum struere, et flammis adolere Penatis ;
Centum aliae totidemque pares aetate ministri,

triclinium. This seems to have been the host's place (Hor. 2 S. 8. 23). Gossrau thinks the meaning is, that Dido occupied a couch by herself in the middle of the banqueting-hall. The narrative seems to afford little or no help in determining the question: see however on v. 718. An imitation in Val. F. 2. 346 is perhaps in favour of Gossrau's view, as both Hypsipyle and Jason are represented as taking the middle place; but the passage is too rapid and summary to throw much light on Virg. 699.] 'Iam' does not begin a new paragraph, as the early editors thought; but there is no occasion to connect this line, as Wagn. and Forb. have done, with the lines before, as though it were intended to mark still farther the time of the arrival of Ascanius.

700.] Super' may be taken either as a preposition (comp. "fronde super viridi," E. 1. 81) or adverbially on purple spread over the couch, a view supported by v. 708, and Stat. Ach. 2. 82, "picto discumbitur ostro."

701.] Dant manibus famuli lymphas.' This is the order of the words in Med., Rom., Pal., the St. Gall palimpsest, Gud., and other good MSS. The common read ing, supported by the MSS. of Priscian (De fig. num. ed. Kr. 2. 389), is "dant famuli manibus lymphas." Med., Pal., and Gud. have 'famulae,' which seems to have been introduced from v. 703. For the details comp. Od. 1. 144 foll. &c., and see G. 4. 376 foll. notes. 'Cererem canistris expediunt,' serve out the bread promptly from the baskets-"proferunt," says Serv. In Hom. heralds serve the water, maids the bread, boys the wine.

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700

705

in the time of Gellius (4.1). It also seems to have been read by Ausonius, who (Idyll. 3. 27) has "Conduntur fructus geminum mihi semper in annum. Cui non longa penus, huic quoque prompta fames." This passage of Ausonius seems also to give the explanation of longam'-a store that will last for a long time. Serv., in explaining the difference between 'penus' and cellarium,' says that cellarium' is "paucorum dierum, penus temporis longi," which probably shows that he read longam' here, especially as he goes on to speak of the gender of 'penus.' 'Struere' will then have nothing to do with the office of 'structor,' the arranger of the dishes, as Taubmann supposes, but will be i. q. instruere,' to furnish or replenish; these 'famulae' being evidently distinguished from the two hundred who serve the banquet. Intus' may be a translation of Homer's karà doua in the parallel passage, Od. 7. 104; but it more probably has reference to the cella penaria,' as opposed to the hall in which the guests were served. 'Ordine' refers not to 'struere,' but to the division or course of labour among the servants, as in G. 4. 376, A. 5. 102. Longo' was retained by Heinsius and Heyne, and is still preferred by Gossrau and Henry; but longam' was restored by Wagn., and is generally read by the later editors. Ordine longo' is of course common enough in Virg.; but this would be the very reason for its introduction here by a transcriber. Flammis adolere Penatis seems to express merely the keeping up of the fire for cooking. Comp. Kтnolov Bwμov, Aesch. Ag. 1038, orías μeσoμpáλov, ib. 1056. For 'adolere' see note on E. 8. 65, and comp. G. 4. 379. Penatis' seems to be etymologically connected with " nus,' and therefore the two are appropriately joined. For the construction 'cura struere' see on G. 1. 213.

702.] Tonsis mantelia villis:' see on G. 4. 377. Here Med. a m. p. and Gud. a m. p. have the spelling mantilia.' 703, 704.] All the MSS. appear to give "ordine longo," which is the common reading. But longam' has the authority of Charisius, the oldest extant grammarian, and was current as well as 'longo'

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705.] Henry remarks, "It is neither indifferently nor accidentally that Virg. assigns to Dido a number of attendants all of one age. It appears from the following

Qui dapibus mensas onerent et pocula ponant.
Nec non et Tyrii per limina laeta frequentes
Convenere, toris iussi discumbere pictis.
Mirantur dona Aeneae, mirantur Iulum
Flagrantisque dei voltus simulataque verba,
Pallamque et pictum croceo velamen acantho.
Praecipue infelix, pesti devota futurae,
Expleri mentem nequit ardescitque tuendo
Phoenissa, et pariter puero donisque movetur.
Ille ubi conplexu Aeneae colloque pependit
Et magnum falsi inplevit genitoris amorem,
Reginam petit. Haec oculis, haec pectore toto
Haeret et interdum gremio fovet, inscia Dido,
Insidat quantus miserae deus. At memor ille
Matris Acidaliae paulatim abolere Sychaeum

passage of Tac. A. 15. 69, that etiquette did not permit persons of private rank to be waited on by such attendants: iubetque praevenire conatus consulis: occupare velut arcem eius: opprimere delectam iuventutem: quia Vestinus inminentis foro aedes decoraque servitia et pari aetate habebat.""

706.] Most of the MSS., including Med., Gud., and partially Pal., have onerent and 'ponant,' which Wagn. rightly recalled as agreeing better with quibus cura' before. Heyne had introduced onerant' and 'ponunt' from Rom.: it is found too in the St. Gall palimpsest. Virg. follows Hom. in setting on the cups at once. The Romans were apt to reserve drinking to the second course, as Serv. remarks on v. 723 below.

708.] Convenere iussi' does not equal "convenere et iussi sunt," as Wagn. thinks. Toris iussi discumbere pictis' is merely a poetical phrase for, bidden to the banquet. Limina for 'tecta.'

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710.] Flagrantis' expressive of the glowing looks of lovers, and therefore appropriate to the god of love. Catull. 62 (64). 91, "flagrantia declinavit Lumina."

711.] Pictum,' with its border embroidered. Comp. v. 649. Some have wished to omit the line; but it draws out 'dona' into detail, as v. 710 draws out 'Iulum.'

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710

715

720

714.] She is moved by the bearer as much as by the gifts. An old reading was puero pariter; but this order is only found in inferior MSS.

715.] "Pendent circum oscula nati," G. 2. 523.

716.] Satisfied the love of his pretended father. For 'falsi' see note on v. 684, and comp. 3. 302, "falsi Simoentis ad undam." Serv.'s explanation, "qui fallebatur, quem decipiebat," is improbable.

717.] Haeret oculis,' &c., hangs on him with her eyes and with her whole heart. Val. Fl. 6. 658, imitates the construction: "Persequitur lustrans, oculisque ardentibus haeret." There is something of the same image in Tennyson's "And her eyes on all my motions with a mute observance hung."

718.] Gremio fovet: he was probably reclining next her at table. This explains 'interdum.' Henry rightly remarks on the force of 'Dido' after haec,' as tending to concentrate our thoughts on her.

719.] Insidat,' Med., Gud. a m. s., supported also by the MSS. of Non. 311. 29; insideat,' Rom., St. Gall palimps. Gud. a m. p. has 'insidiat,' which probably points the same way. The word is lost in Pal. Serv. recognizes both readings, and on 6. 708 quotes "insidat." On the whole it seems best, with Heyne and Ribbeck, to adopt the rarer word. The difference is between resting on the bosom and settling or sinking down into it.

720.] The only account of the epithet 'Acidaliae' is given by Serv., who after

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