Claudentur Belli portae; Furor impius intus Haec ait, et Maia genitum demittit ab alto, not, 'shall administer justice' (ius dicent' the doors from without. 294.] Impius,' on account of the civil wars. G. 1. 511. The imagery in this passage is supposed to be derived from a painting of Apelles mentioned by Pliny 35. 10, representing War fettered, which was placed by Augustus in his own forum. Germanus Valens thinks that there is an allusion to a statue of Mars, mentioned by Pausanias, representing the god bound and seated on a pile of arms; the meaning of the binding being apparently that he was not to pass over to the enemy. 295.] Saeva arma' 8. 482, &c. Manus post terga revinctum' 2. 57. Here manus' is inferred from 'post tergum.' Nodi' are coupled with vincla' Lucr. 6.356. 297-304.] 'Mercury is sent down to dispose Dido and the Carthaginians to welcome the Trojans.' 295 300 thaginians as he convenes Aeneas in 4. 265 foll. There may be a confusion between the Homeric character of Hermes as the messenger of the gods and his other character as the god of eloquence and the civilizer of mankind; for which see Hor. 1 Od. 10 and Ov. F. 5. 663.- Demittit-pateant-arceret.' Jahn rightly remarks that ut pateant' expresses Jupiter's charge to Mercury, arceret' his object in giving it. The former, it is obvious, would naturally come under the historic present, but it could hardly have been extended to the latter. 297.] Mercury's mission is rather indefinite, as Virg. can have hardly meant him actually to convene Dido and the Car 298.] 'Terrae-arces:' that they might be allowed to enter the territory and received into the city. Novae' is to be taken with Karthaginis,' as is proved by v. 366, on which Serv. says "Karthago est lingua Poenorum Nova Civitas, ut docet Livius." In the same way Virg. uses epithets explanatory of the etymology of the name 3. 693, "Plemyrium undosum;" 698, stagnantis Helori;" 703, "arduus Acragas;" 705, "palmosa Selinus." With 'pateant' Forb. comp. "clauditur orbis" above v. 233. 299.] Hospitio Teucris :' a double dative after 'pateant.' Comp. "exscidio Libyae Fati nescia' is observable, as showing Virg.'s conception of fate as a power which other agencies may thwart, though they cannot ultimately overcome it. Heyne's explanation, that Dido's ignorance of destiny might lead her to suppose that the Trojans wished to settle at Carthage, seems less likely. 301.] Adstitit,' alighted.' Comp. 6. 17, "Chalcidicaque levis tandem super adstitit arce." For 'remigio alarum comp. Lucr. 6. 743, Remigi (so Lachm. for "remigio") oblitae pennarum vela remittunt." The original author of the metaphor, which has become a common-place in poetry, is supposed to be Aesch. Ag. 52. 302.]Ponuntque' shows that the effect of Mercury's mission is almost simultane Corda volente deo; in primis regina quietum ous with the discharge of it. Comp. the 303.] Volente deo.' Θεοῦ θέλοντος curs Aesch. Theb. 427 and elsewhere in the sense of beŵr DeλóvTWV: so that it is possible that volente deo' is meant to be understood generally, not taken of Mercury, which is the common interpretation. The participle will of course bear the sense either of, if he wills,' or, as here, since he wills.' Quietum,' 'peaceful,' opp. to "turbatus" (8. 435) and "turbidus" (11. 742 &c.). Animum-mentem: comp. magnam mentem animumque" 6. 11, and the Homeric κατὰ φρένα καὶ κατὰ Ovμóv. Lucr. couples "mens animusque 3. 142, 403 in 3. 94 he uses the words convertibly, "animum... mentem quam saepe vocamus," and in 6. 1183 he talks of "animi mens.' 'Accipere mentem' is used differently below, v. 676. 305-324.] Aeneas goes out in the morning to reconnoitre. After hiding his fleet in the cove, he meets his mother in the shape of a huntress, and is accosted by her in that character.' 305.] There is a slight inaccuracy in 'volvens,' as if the thoughts of the night continued into the day; the present participle being perhaps suggested by Ho 305 310 mer's Toλλà pрeoly Spμalvorra. Wagn., 307.] Explorare' has an object clause over and above the accusative in 7. 150, so that it may be constructed here with 'quas-oras,' 'quaerere' being added as a piece of surplusage for the sake of clearness, like "memoret " after "fari" 2. 75. Vento,' by stress of weather, as in 4. 46. With the general sense comp. 7. 130 foll., 148 foll. 308.] Inculta' seems to have the force of a substantive, like 'culta' in the Georgics. For he sees a desert before him.' 309.] Exacta,' probably the result of his inquiries; 'exigere' being 'to inquire.' Öv. A. A. 2. 129, "illic quoque pulchra Calypso Exigit Odrysii fata cruenta ducis.' It may however mean no more than Tà Tеπраyμévα, as in "his demum exactis" 6. 637. Ulysses reconnoitres alone Od. 10. 144 foll. 310.] In convexo nemorum,' where the woody shores of the cove (v. 164) nar. row. The expression is like "caeli con vexa." 料 །! Cui mater media sese tulit obvia silva, Virginis os habitumque gerens et virginis arma, Harpalyce volucremque fuga praevertitur Hebrum. 'clenching.' He objects to the ordinary 315.] Heyne remarks that Virg. had before him Od. 7. 19., 13. 221, where Athene meets and guides Ulysses, in the one place as a girl carrying water, in the other place as a shepherd. 'Gerere' of an assumed appearance 12. 472. Wagn. rightly understands the meaning to be virginis os habitumque gerens, et virginis arma vel Spartanae vel Thressae." Venus assumes the face and appearance of a virgin and the accoutrements of a hunt ress. 317.] Harpalyce.' There is more than one mythological character of this name; but the one meant here appears to be a Thracian princess who took to the woods upon the dethronement of the king her father. The MSS. have 'Hebrum.' Rutgers conjectured Eurum,' which has been received by several editors, including Heyne and Ribbeck, on the ground that it is no proof of swiftness to outrun a river, and that Hebrus in particular, as Serv. remarks, is not swift. Wagn. and Forb. however rightly defend the MSS. reading, as in perfect conformity with classical usage, and particularly supported by Sil. 2. 73, "Quales Threiciae Rhodopen Pangaeaque lustrant Saxosis nemora alta jugis cursuque fatigant Hebrum innupta maThe Thracian huntress outstrips the rivers of her own country. A similar attempt has been made to correct the text nus, 315 320 of Hor. Od. 1. 25. 20, where see Macleane's note. Heyne, Wagn., and Forb. take equos fatigat' as 'presses her horses," "quod proprium Amazonibus.” But Serv.'s explanation, tires by outrunning them,' is supported by the imitation from Silius just quoted (comp. also Sil. 3. 307), and corresponds with the story of Harpalyce, very circumstantially given by Serv. In Soph. Ant. 981 foll. (a passage which corresponds remarkably with this story of Harpalyce), we have the expression Bopeas Tos. Both praevertor' and 'praeverto' are used in this sense: comp. 7. 807., 12. 345. Fuga' of rapid movement in general, G. 3. 142. 201. 318.] Humeris suspenderat arcum:' T6 polov xwv, Il. 1. 45. The bow, and sometimes the arrows, appears to have been placed in the bow-case, or ywρurós (10. 169, "Gorytique leves humeris "), and so slung over the shoulder. See Dict. A. arcus.' Habilem,' well shaped for the hand, a general epithet of the bow, not of the manner in which she carried it. 319.] Venatrix,' 'as a huntress.' 'Dederat comam diffundere ventis,' a Grecism; comp. Hor. 1 Od. 26. 2, "Tradam protervis in mare Creticum Portare ventis." It is difficult to obtain an exact grammatical analysis of the expression, which may be explained either by making comam diffundere jointly the object of dederat (fan the dishevelling of her hair to the winds'), or by making comam' the object and diffundere' an epexegetical acc. ("her hair, namely, its dishevelling'); or, lastly, by making comam' the object and diffundere' a cognate acc. expressing the effect of the gift. 320.] Nuda genu,' i. e. her tunic did not reach the knee. Ov., M. 10. 536, "Nuda genu, vestem ritu succincta Dianae" (quoted by Forb.). A representation of Diana with her tunic girt up above the knee, and the folds gathered into a knot or bunch on the breast, is given in Dict. A. 'chlamys.' It is difficult however, on a comparison of parallel passages (4. 139., 11. 776; Stat. Theb. 4. 265; Claud. Cos. Ac prior, Heus, inquit, iuvenes, monstrate, mearum 325 Sic Venus; et Veneris contra sic filius orsus : Nulla tuarum audita mihi neque visa sororum, O-quam te memorem, virgo? namque haud tibi voltus Mortalis, nec vox hominem sonat: o, dea certe; An Phoebi soror? an Nympharum sanguinis una? Sis felix, nostrumque leves, quaecumque, laborem, Prob. et Olyb. 1. 89), to determine whether the sinus' is the folds of the tunic or the chlamys, and whether the 'nodus is the knot or bunch into which the folds were gathered, the brooch, or the belt. The usage of Virgil seems in favour of taking nodus' strictly of a knot. Comp. 6. 301. Heyne's note on this passage is perhaps scarcely consistent with his third Excursus on Aen. 11. 321.] If you have by any chance seen one of my sisters, point out to me where she is; not tell me whether you have seen,'-a sense which 'monstrate' will not bear. 323.] 'Maculosae tegmine lyncis:' this would be worn as a chlamys or scarf. See Dict. A. chlamys.' Pharetram,' which is found in some inferior MSS. and (from a correction) in Rom., would seem to have been an old reading, as Priscian, p. 1081, says, "pharetram .. sed melius in quibusdam codicibus sine m pharetra ablativus invenitur: quidam tamen lyncis cursum a communi accipiunt," a strange interpretation. Gud. a m. pr. has tegmina.' 324.] Apri cursum prementem' is opposed to errantem.' Clamore prementem: see G. 3. 419, where the dogs, to which clamore' refers, are the principal subject of the paragraph. Apri cursum aprum currentem,' a boar that has broken covert. See Hor. Epod. 5. 28, and Macleane's note. 325-334.] Aeneas replies, supposing her to be a goddess, and inquires the name of the country. 325.] At, the reading of some of the early editions, is supported by Serv. on 9. 656; but Wagner justly observes that, coupled with 'contra,' it would create too strong an opposition. 326.] Audita' is commonly rendered 'heard of;' in which sense auditus' is frequently coupled with 'visus,' even in 330 the case of persons. Here however there would be no particular force in it, and it seems better, on the whole, to follow the suggestion of Serv., and suppose the reference to be to 'clamore.' 327.] O,' as Wund. remarks, should have been followed by a vocative of the name of the goddess; for he is sure she is a goddess (O Dea certe'), though he knows not what goddess. Wund. comp. Demosth. de Cor. p. 232, ElT' &—Tí àv εἰπὼν σέ τις ὀρθῶς προσείποι:- ἔστιν ὅπου K.T.A. To which may be added Aristoph., Clouds, 1378, & Tí σ'ein; There is probably some sense of solemnity in 'memorem. 'Virgo' is not to be pointed as a separate interrogative sentence ('what shall I call thee? a virgin?'), as some have supposed, the word being applicable to a goddess as well as to a mortal maiden. 328.] Hominem sonat:' 'humanum sonat' would be the common idiom. Persius however (3. 21) has "sonat vitium." 66 Sapimus patruos "(Pers. 1. 11) is a similar expression. There is a slight similarity to this passage in Od. 6. 149 foll., and a somewhat stronger one in Apoll. R. 4. 1411 foll. 329.] Heyne appears to be right in dividing this line into two separate ques tions. Hand's notion (Tursell. 1. 315) that it is a case similar to those in which 'certe' follows nescio an,' whether or not-at all events,' seems far-fetched. Looking to 'una,' it seems better to take sanguinis' as equivalent to generis ("sanguis meus," 6. 835), not as an attributive genitive. Comp. however 6. 778, "Assaraci quam sanguinis Ilia mater Educet." Perhaps it may be regarded here as a confusion of two modes of expression. 330.] Sis felix,'' be propitious.' Comp E. 5. 65, "Sis bonus o felixque tuis." Wund., following a hint of Heyne, thinks it may stand for xaîpe, which is so common in Greek hymns; but the passage just Et, quo sub caelo tandem, quibus orbis in oris Multa tibi ante aras nostra cadet hostia dextra. 340 Tum Venus: Haud equidem tali me dignor honore; 335 cited is against this. Quaecunque' is probably vocative. For the thought comp. Od. 16. 183. 331.] Tandem' does little more than lend emphasis, like dý. 333.] Vastis et fluctibus' is the reading of Pal. and other MSS. Rom. and Med. a m. pr. read 'et vastis fluctibus,' which is approved by Pierius, and restored by Heinsius and Heyne. It is undoubt edly true, as Wagn. says, that the former rhythm is that which we most frequently find in Virgil's hexameters. The other however is by no means uncommon. therefore a question of ear in the particular passage, and the fuller close which, as Pierius says, is produced by 'et vastis' seems appropriate here. It is 334.] Comp. Od. 16. 181 foll. 335-371.] Venus informs him that he is in the territory of Carthage, and tells the story of Dido's flight from Tyre to Africa.' 335.] 'Honore,' i. e. being addressed as a goddess or nymph, not a sacrifice, as Serv. and Heyne say. 336.] This garb is not that of a goddess of the chace, but merely of a Tyrian hunt ress,' 337.] Comp. E. 7. 32 (note), "Puniceo stabis suras evincta cothurno" (of Diana). 'Alte' refers to the height of the cothurnus, which rose more than half way to the knee. 338.] The city in whose domain you are is that of Agenor (one of Dido's ancestors); but the country around is Libya.' VOL. II. 315 "Cocyti stagna alta vides," 6. 323. 339.] Henry compares 4. 40, "Hinc Gaetulae urbes, genus insuperabile bello," in support of Heyne's interpretation, which refers genus intractabile bello' to the Libyans, against Wagn., who refers it to the Carthaginians. Intractabile,' ǎaπτos. 340.] Inperium regere' occurs Ovid, 3 Pont. 3. 61, cited by Wagn. 'Inperium' is the command, not, as an English reader might think, the domain. Elsewhere Virg. talks of "regere inperio aliquem" (v. 230 above); here he varies the expression. 341.] 'It is a long and intricate tale of wrong. "Longis ambagibus," Lucr.6.1081. 342.] 'Summa fastigia' is nearly equivalent to capita.' Sequar''persequar,' 'recount in order.' 343.] Ditissimus agri' has been objected to as inappropriate in the case of the Phoenicians, who were a commercial, not an agricultural, people; and 'ditissimus auri' has been proposed by Huet, approved by Heyne, and adopted by Ribbeck. But 'ditissimus agri' is a common phrase, occurring 10. 563 (comp. 7. 537), Sil. 5. 260. Wagn. (Q. V. 39) suggests that Virgil was thinking of the great estates of the Roman nobles in his own time. The ortho graphy Sychaeus' was introduced by Heins. from Med., and is supported by Pal. For the variety of the quantity in the first syllable (comp. v. 348) see the note on v. 258 above. 344.] 'Miserae,' because her love was ill-fated. 345.] Iugare' is similarly used of mar F |