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Aeris in campis latis, atque omnia lustrant.
Quae postquam Anchises natum per singula duxit,
Incenditque animum famae venientis amore,
Exin bella viro memorat quae deinde gerenda,
Laurentisque docet populos urbemque Latini,
Et quo quemque modo fugiatque feratque laborem.
Sunt geminae Somni portae, quarum altera fertur
Cornea, qua veris facilis datur exitus Umbris;
Altera candenti perfecta nitens elephanto,
Sed falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes.

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887.] Aeris' with 'campis,' not, as Forb., following Ruhkopf, thinks, with regione.' W. Ribbeck cites Auson. Cupido Crucifixus v. 1, "Aeris in campis, memorat quos Musa Maronis." It seems to be a general expression for the place of the dead, "the shadowy plains," aer' probably including the notion of mist as well as of air. Elsewhere Elysium has aether and light, as the rest of the infernal regions have darkness: here a neutral word is chosen. Stat. Silv. 5. 3. 286 seems to have taken it exclusively of the Elysian fields, "Et monstrate nemus, quo nulla inrupit Erinys, In quo falsa dies caeloque simillimus aer.'

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Perque omnia duxit" v. 565

889.] Med. has famae melioris amore,' evidently from 4. 221, an error which takes away from its authority in such passages as v. 806 (see note there). 'Venientis,' in the future. He was to be inspired with a passion for the long line of historic glories which depended on his valour in Italy. Comp. vv. 718, 806., 4. 232.

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890.] Viro' is introduced for the sake of the juxtaposition with bella.' Deinde' from this time, v. 756. Here and in the next two lines Virg. almost repeats 3. 458, 459, the difference being that there the Sibyl is to tell Aeneas what here he learns from Anchises. See note there.

891.] Populos' of the single Laurentian nation, perhaps with reference to the many nations of Italy, 3. 458, &c. For the Laurentes see 7. 63. Urbem Latini" 12. 137.

893.] "

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"Sunt geminae Belli portae" 7.

890

895

607. The gates of Sleep are from Hom.'s gates of dreams, which are similarly described Od. 19. 562 foll. Much ingenuity has been expended in searching for a symbolical meaning in them. Heyne seems right in saying that Virg. wanted to dismiss Aeneas from the shades by some other way than that by which he had entered, and that Hom.'s gates fortunately occurred to him. See Introduction to this Book. Turnebus and

others wanted to understand somni' as somnii:' but somnii' would not be the same assomniorum.' Here, as elsewhere (e. g. v. 702 above), Virg. evidently substitutes sleep for dreams, on account of the metrical unmanageableness of somnium.' Fertur' might conceivably be understood as = 'surgit' or 'tollit se;" but it is simpler to understand it is reported to be,' Virg. speaking doubtfully of things that mortals have no direct means of knowing. Fertur cornea' like "non sat idoneus Pugnae ferebaris " Hor. 2 Od. 19. 26.

894.]Veris Umbris,' real spirits which appear in sleep. How far the existence of such apparitions agrees with Virg.'s philosophy may be doubted: see on 4. 353., 5. 722. In Hom. the distinction is between truthful and lying dreams; and perhaps Virg. means to include this as well. See

on v. 896.

895.] Perfecta nitens' seems = 'perfecte nitens,' like 'saxosus sonans,' 'lenis crepitans,' &c., though 'perfecta elephanto' would naturally go together, like " Cymbia argento perfecta" 5. 267. Either word,

perfecta' or 'nitens,' would have expressed Virg.'s meaning sufficiently: and there is something superfluous in using both. Gleaming with the polish dazzling ivory.'

896.] Beautiful as the ivory gate is, t apparitions that pass through it are ful

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P. VERGILI MARONIS AENEID. LIB. VI.
His ibi tum natum Anchises unaque Sibyllam
Prosequitur dictis, portaque emittit eburna :
Ille viam secat ad navis sociosque revisit;
Tum se ad Caietae recto fert litore portum.
Ancora de prora iacitur; stant litore puppes.

For the power of the shades to send dreams comp. Clytaemnestra's dream, which was sent by Agamemnon, Soph. Εl. 459, οἶμαι μὲν οὖν, οἶμαί τι κἀκείνῳ μέλον Πέμψαι τάδ ̓ αὐτῇ δυσπρόσοπτ ̓ ὀνείpara. Wagn. comp. Tibull. 2. 6. 37, "ne tibi neglecti mittant mala somnia Manes," which Virg. may have thought of, if it was published before his death. Falsa' probably refers both to the quality of the apparition and to the message that it brings. Both may be illustrated from the dreams of Hom.: in Od. 4. 796 the apparition of Iphthime is made by Athene: in II. 2. 6 foll. the Dream-god is sent to give false counsel. There is apparently a similar combination of the two notions in Hor. 3 Od. 27. 40 foll., "imago Vana, quae porta fugiens eburna Somnium ducit."

897.] It is difficult to choose between 'ibi' (fragm. Vat., Rom., Gud. a m. p., and probably Pal.) and 'ubi' (Med.). The former is the more simple, the latter the more artificial. On the whole I have followed Ribbeck in preferring ibi,' as 'portaque emittit eburna' loses force by being thrown into the protasis, and even Wagn. does not propose to treat it as forming the apodosis, though in 12. 81 he makes 'rapidusque' the apodosis to ubi.' "Natumque unaque Sibyllam" v. 752 above.

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898.] "Prosequitur votis" 9. 310. His' is explained by what precedes, vv. 890 foll. Anchises continues his instruc

tions till they part at the gate.

900

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899.] "Viam secat" 12. 368. hinc ad navis graditur sociosque revisit" 8. 546. The sense is from Od. 11. 636, αὐτίκ ̓ ἔπειτ' ἐπὶ νῆα κιὼν ἐκέλευον ἑταίρους Αὐτούς τ ̓ ἀμβαίνειν ἀνά τε πρυμνήσια λύσαι, of Ulysses leaving the shades.

900.] Recto litore,' sailing straight along the shore, like "recto flumine" 8. 57. He follows the line of coast, and it takes him to Caieta. Heyne read 'limite' from three or four inferior MSS., to avoid the repetition of 'litore' in the same part of the next verse: but though the repeti tion is certainly awkward, it seems better to suppose a slight carelessness on Virg.'s part than to question the reading of all the great MSS. Ribbeck cuts the knot by bracketing v. 901, which is repeated from 3. 277. Perhaps we may say that Virg. inserted it as a piece of his own epic common place, whether as a stop-gap or not, and that this accounts for the repetition of litore.' The mention of Caieta has been objected to, as inconsistent with the opening of the next Book, where it is said that the death of Caieta, Aeneas' nurse, was the occasion of the name. But this is natural and Virgilian enough; and we can hardly wish that the poet had rivalled the accuracy of Ovid, who in his brief narrative of Aeneas' adventures (M. 14. 157) says "Litora adit nondum nutricis habentia nomen."

APPENDIX.

.....

"THEN, binding round their brows the mystic branch of bay, they rose, and in silence entered upon holy ground. . . . . . Fronting them rose the high altar, crowned, like the rest, with laurel, on which all must lay tribute who would enquire aught of Phoebus. Here the priests took of their offering and burnt it upon the slab. If the day were one of consultation, lots then were drawn for precedence, and he whom fortune favoured moved on, past the Omphalos, where Apollo had reposed in early days, past the tomb of Neoptolemus, past the image of Pallas, to the steps of the shrine itself. At the foot he left his train of servants, and mounted all alone, wonder.

ing at the marvels round, the open colonnades, the wondrous sculptures filling the pediments of the noble tympana, each commemorating the life and labours of a god. ... And now the jubilant trumpets of the priests pealed out, with notes that rang round the valley, and up among the windings of the Hyampeian cliff. Awed into silence by the sound, he crossed the garlanded threshold: he sprinkled on his head the holy water from the fonts of gold, and entered the outer court. New statues, fresh fonts, craters, and goblets, the gift of many an Eastern king, met his eye: walls emblazoned with dark sayings rose about him as he crossed towards the inner adytum. Then the music grew more loud: the interest deepened: his heart beat faster. With a sound as of many thunders, that penetrated to the crowd without, the subterranean door rolled back the earth trembled: the laurels nodded: smoke and vapour broke commingled forth: and, railed below within a hollow of the rock, perchance he caught one glimpse of the marble effigies of Zeus and the dread sisters, one gleam of sacred arms; for one moment saw a steaming chasm, a shaking tripod, above all, a Figure with fever on her cheek and foam upon her lips, who, fixing a wild eye upon space, tossed her arms aloft in the agony of her soul, and, with a shriek that never left his ear for days, chanted high and quick the dark utterances of the will of Heaven."

ARNOLD PRIZE ESSAY for 1859, pp. 14, 15.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Page 30, note on v. 1. Macrob. Sat. 5. 2 quotes Troiae qui primus ab oris' as part of the first verse of the Aeneid. On the other hand Priscian 940 P cites Ille ego qui quondam gracili modulatus avena as Virgil's.

P. 36, note on v. 41. So Tryphiodorus ν. 650, ἀνθ' ἑνὸς ̓Αργείοισιν ἐχώσατο πᾶσιν ̓Αθήνη.

Ib., notes on vv. 42, 43. Quinct. Smyrn. 14. 444 foll. follows Virg., making Zeus give all his artillery to Athena for the occasion, and delight in seeing the storm which she raises. He imitates Virg. in the speech which Athena addresses to Zeus, vv. 427 foll., and also in the visit Iris is represented as paying on Athena's account to Aeolia, for the special purpose of making the tempest worse about the headland of Caphareus, vv. 474 foll., though in the latter case his narrative is more summary.

Ib., note on v. 45. W. Ribbeck cites Seneca's poem to Corduba, vv. 13, 14 (Wernsdorf's Poet. Lat. Min. vol. 5, p. 1367), "Ille tuus quondam magnus, tua gloria, civis Infigar scopulo," which is in favour of the common interpretation, as the writer evidently means to speak of his banishment to a rocky island as an impalement.

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P. 44, note on v. 120. Ribbeck reads 'Achati' from a passage in Charisius 107 P, where Pliny is cited as instancing fortis Achati,' acris Oronti' to exemplify the usage which obtained before his time with respect to Latin equivalents of the Greek genitive in ou from proper names in -ns. But Pliny may have quoted from memory, confusing 'Achati' with Achilli:' and it is perhaps a little hazardous to desert all the MSS. Heins., who illustrates this form of the gen. largely, says that in 5. 301 an ancient MS. gives Achati' for

Acestae.' This may show that the transcriber remembered having seen 'Achati' somewhere: but it may also remind us that Virg. made 'Acestae' the gen. of 'Acestes.' 'Acesti' however is read by one MS. in the passage from Book 5.

P. 55, v. 237. For Pollicitus, quae read Pollicitus. Quae.

P. 81, note on v. 513. Perculsus' now appears from Ribbeck's apparatus criticus to be read by Rom. in 8. 121.

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P. 97, note on v. 683. Noctem non amplius unam' is probably to be explained like "neque enim plus septuma ducitur aestas" G. 4. 207, where see the note, rather than by the analogy of the passage: in Lucr. Noctem' is acc. because 'amplius' is acc.; it would have been nom. if amplius' had been nom.; whereas in "digi. tum non altior unum "the acc. seems to be used on the analogy of "digitum unum altus," the comparative not affecting the construction in any way.

P. 204, note on v. 180. For Salamine read Salamina.

P. 280, note on v. 257. As neither Heins., Heyne, nor Ribbeck specifies any MS. as containing the ordinary reading 'Litus arenosum Libyae,' I have examined ten of the Bodleian MSS., the same which I examined in reference to 5. 573 (see the Preface). Five of them read 'ac Libyae,' four 'Libyae,' one 'ad Libyae.' Those which read Libyae' are numbered respectively Auct. A. A. 1 (first half of 15th century), Auct. B. B. 1 (14th century), Auct. B. B. 2(? apparently late), and Auct. F. 2. 5 (middle of 15th century). In A. A. 1 and B. B. 2 ac' is written above the line. In F. 2. 5 ventoque' appears for 'ventosque,' there being a blank space where 's' has been erased. In B. B. 2 volabat' is written apparently by the same hand as the rest of the line,

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

but at a later time, as if a blank space had been originally left and afterwards filled in. In A. A. 1 and B. B. 2 v. 257 precedes v. 256, but the order is corrected in the margin. The inverted order is also found in the text of one of the other MSS. which I examined, and in the margin of another. It appears then that the reading 'Libyae,' like Trinacriis' 5. 573 is at any rate prior to the invention of printing, so that it may have some better authority than critical conjecture.

P. 384, note on v. 573. For F. 2. 6 read Auct. F. 2. 6.

P. 410, note on v. 817. Read the manes of his horses, and his own armour and add, unless we suppose Virg. to have un

535

derstood χρυσὸν δ ̓ αὐτὸς ἔδυνε περὶ χροΐ to mean that Poseidon put golden harness on the coats of the horses.

P. 479, note on v. 496. A similar question may be raised about the construction of G. 4. 99, "Ardentes auro et paribus lita corpora guttis," where Virg., in his love of poetical surplusage, has left it doubtful whether he means 'lita corpora' to be acc. in construction with 'ardentes' or nom. in apposition to it. He seems to have avoided saying 'litae corpora' partly for the sake of variety, partly that he might not separate 'paribus guttis' pointedly from 'auro' (comp. Formosum paribus nodis atque aere E. 5.90).

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66

THE END OF VOL. II.

GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, PRINTERS, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE, LONDON,

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