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POESY.

Divinest Poesy !-'tis thine to make

Age young,-youth old,-to baffle tyrant Time; From antique strains the hoary dust to shake, And with familiar grace to crown new rhyme.

Long have I loved thee,-long have loved in vain,
Yet large the debt my spirit owes to thee;
Thou wreath'dst my first hours in a rosy chain,
Rocking the cradle of my infancy.

The lovely images of earth and sky

From thee I learned within my soul to treasure; And the strong magic of thy minstrelsy

Charms the world's tempest to a sweet sad measure.

Not Fortune's spite, nor hopes that once have been-
Hopes which no power of Fate can give again;
Not the sad sentence that my life must wean
From dear domestic joys,-nor all the train
Of pregnant ills, and penitential harms,
That dog the rear of youth unwisely wasted,
Can dim the lustre of thy stainless charms,
Or sour the sweetness that in thee I tasted.

FRENCH READINGS.

FRENCH READING S.-No. XIV.

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-A quoi penses-tu donc, Napoléon? Nous allons être au moins pour trois jours au pain sec et à l'eau.5 -Nous avons cassés les œufs, répliqua Napoléon, il faut les payer.

En ce moment on entendit la voix perçante de la bonne qui faisait retentir l'air des noms de Napoléon et d'Elisa.7 -Nous voici nous voici! répondirent ensemble les

deux enfants.8

-Ah! c'est bien heureux! depuis deux heures que je vous cherche. Quelle est donc cette petite ? ajouta la bonne en voyant la paysanne qui marchait derrière Napo

léon.

i

-C'est nous, dit Napoléon, qui avons cassé ses œufs en courant après les papillons; 10 et je mène cette petite à maman pour qu'elle paie le dégât que nous avons fait." Peu d'instants après, la bonne et les deux enfants, suivis de la petite paysanne entrèrent dans une salle où était Madame Lætitia prit la réunic la famille Bonaparte. parole: 12

-Napoléon, Elisa, je vous avais fait cadeau d'un filet;13 mais vous m'avez désobéi en franchissant la haie et en courant plus loin à travers la campagne; rendez-moi vos filets, cela vous épargnera l'occasion de me désobéir encore. -Maman, fit Napoléon, c'est moi qui suis coupable; c'est moi qui ai entraîné Elisa.15

14

La petite fille ne dit mot, mais elle sauta au cou de son frère.16

Ma sœur, dit l'archidiacre d'Ajaccio, péché avoué est à moitié pardonné: je demande grâce pour Napoléon.17 Oh! bien mon oncle, dit Elisa, demandez grace aussi pour moi, je vous en prie, car j'ai fait bien plus de mal que lui. 18 -Et quel si gros péché as-tu donc commis ?19 dit le vicillard vénérable en souriant; parle franchement, et je te promets d'intercéder pour toi. 20

COLLOQUIAL EXERCISE.

1. Que disait la petite fille en
sanglotant?

2. Que dit-elle à l'égard du
produit des œufs ?

3. Que lui dit Napoléon?
4. Que lui donna-t-il pour la
consoler?

5. Que dit Elisa à Napoléon?
6. Que lui répondit le garçon?
7. Qu'entendit-on en ce mo-
ment?

8. Que répondirent les en-
fants?

9. Que leur dit la bonne?
10. Que dit alors Napoléon?
11. Qu'ajouta-t-il en parlant du
dégât ?

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12. Où entrèrent les enfants

quelques instants après?
13. Que dit Madame Lotitia?
14. Qu'ajouta-t-elle à l'égard

des filets?

15. Quelle réponse Napoléon
fit-il à sa mère ?

16. Que fit alors la petite fille?
17. Que dit l'archidiacre d'A-

jaccio, à la mère de Napo-
léon?

18. Que dit Elisa à son oncle?
19. Quelle question lui fit l'ar-
chidiacre?

20. Que dit encore le vicillard
en souriant ?

que dire, what can I say.-e. L. S. 34, R. 5.-f. from suivre ; L.
part ii., p. 106.-g. L. S. 41, R. 8.-h. nous voici, here we are.
-i. L. S. 80, R. 2.-j. from payer; L. part ii., § 49, R. (2).
k. fit, is often, in familiar language, used for dit.-l. from sourire;
L. part ii., p. 106.

SECTION III.

Elisa, un peu rassurée par la promesse de son oncle commença, d'une voix tremblante, son récit. Elle raconta1 comment elle avait renversé la petite paysanne, et com

ment ses œufs avaient été brisés. b

-Allons! c'est très bien, Elisa, tu as été franche;2 comme ce n'est pas trop ton habitude, je veux t'en récompenser en me chargeant de solliciter aussi ta mère en ta faveur.3

-Maman, dit alors Napoléon, j'ai encore un grâce à vous demander. Vous me donnez dix sous par semaine pour mes menus plaisirs. Eh bien! achevez de payer les oeufs de cette pauvre petite qui attend là ce que tout cela va devenir, et vous ne me donnerez plus rien jusqu'à ce que nous soyons quittes.

-D'accord, dit Madame Lætitia en faisant approcher la petite paysanne, et lui donnant un petit écu. Napoléon, en voilà pour six semaines.

-L'enfant courut à Napoléon, et voulut lui remettre 7 les deux pièces de monnaie qu'elle avait reçues de lui au moment où l'accident était arrivé; mais il refusa.

Cette probité plut à Madame Bonaparte, qui alors inElle apprit que c'était la terrogea la petite paysanne.10 fille d'un pauvre pêcheur, que sa mère était malade," qu'elle demeurait dans une chétive cabane,12 sur le bord de la mer, à quelque distance13 de l'endroit où son panier avait été renversé.

-Ta mère est malade, dis-tu, mon enfant ? 14 elle n'a pas de médecin qui la soigne, sans doute. J'irai la voir. -Oh! maman, je vous en prie, s'écria Napoléon, allons-y tout de suite.15 Nous reconduirons Charlotte. -Volontiers, répondit Madame Bonaparte. Allons,16 Les enfants ne se le firenti pas rémes enfants, partons. péter. Quelques instants après, ils arrivèrent au pied d'un

rocher. 17

19

C'est là dit Charlotte en désignant une misérable cabanc.'s Lorsqu'ils entrèrent, un jeune garçon de douze ans était une toute petite fille était assise à occupé à faire un filet; terre et mangeait une croûte de pain; une enfant, beaucoup plus jeune encore, dormait dans un berceau cassé,20 couvert d'une vieille courtepointe presque en lambeaux.

COLLOQUIAL EXERCISE.

1. Que raconta la petite Elisa?
2. Que lui dit alors son oncle?
3. Que promit encore l'archi-
diacre ?

4. Quedit Napoléon à sa mère?
5. Que proposa-t-il à l'égard
des œufs cassés ?

6. Que lui répondit Madame
Lotitia ?

7. Que fit alors la petite pay-
sanne?

8. Napoléon accepta-t-il l'ar-
gent?

9. Quel fut l'effet de cette
action de la petite fille ?
10. Que fit alors Madame Bo-
naparte?

11. Qu'apprit-elle de la petite

fille ?

12. Où demeurait la famille du pêcheur?

13. Où leur cabane était-elle située ?

14. Que dit Madame Bonaparte à l'enfant ?

14. Que dit alors Napoléon? 16. Madame Lætitia lui accorda-t-elle sa prière?

17. Où arriva-t-on quelque temps après ?

18. Que dit Charlotte et que designa-t-elle ?

19. Que virent-ils en entrant

dans la maison du pêcheur? 20. Où dormait le plus jeune des enfants?

NOTES AND REFERENCES.-a. L. S. 41, R. 5, 8..-6. L. S. 45, R. 2. c. en, for it; L. part ii., § 39, R. (17).--d. L. part ii., § NOTES AND REFERENCES.-a. L. S. 84., R. 5.-b. en voilà, 49, R. (1).—e. par, a ; L. S. 67, R. 3.-f menus plaisirs, pocket here are.-c. petit écu, half a French crown, threz francs-d. | money.g. ce que tout cela va devenir, what will be the result of

all this.-h. d'accord, agreed.-i. from plaire; L. part ii., p. 98 2.-d. L. S. 10, R. 4.-c. L. S. 63, R. 1.-f. L. S. 45, R. (2), 2. -j. ne se le firent pas répéter, did not wait for a repetition of-g. from atteindre; L. part ii., p. 78h. dut, was obliged this.-k. à terre, on the ground. to; from devoir; L. S. 34, R. 5.-i. à laquelle il tenait beaucoup, which he valued much; L. S. 89, R. 3.

SECTION IV.

с

La cabane contenait à peine quelques meubles1 indispensables. L'enfant endormi, quoique ses joues fussent pâles2 et ses bras maigres, était bien rangé dans sa couchette. Sur un mauvais grabat, était étendue, malade et souffrante, une femme jeune encore,3 mais dont les traits flétris faisaient peine à voir. La misère de ces pauvres gens toucha profondément le cœur de Madame Bonaparte; rien de pareil encore ne s'était offert à ses regards.

-Vous êtes malade, ma bonne femme, dit Madame Loctitia en s'approchant; un médecin vous donne-t-il des

soins?

-Ah! Madame, de pauvres gens comme nous ne doivent pas réclamer des soins qu'ils ne peuvent payer. Pendant ce dialogue, Napoléon s'était approché de l'enfant qui faisait du filet, et n'avait pas tardé à faire avec lui plus ample connaissance.

Depuis ce temps, la cabane était souvents le but des menades de Mine Lætitia et de ses enfants.

9

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xy+ y2x2 (1.)

x2 + y2+y3=x3 (2.)

Whence x2y-- xy2: 3 (3.), by multiplying (1.) by x.
And ry+y+ y2 + y3: = x2 y + xy2 (4.) by equating the va;
lues of 3, and by substitution of the value of * in (1.)
But yxy+y3 (5.) by multiplying (1.) by x;
Therefore xy +212 + y3:
= 2xy+y, from (4.) and (5.)
Or, xy + 2y2 = 2ry, by omitting y3 on both sides;
Whence+2y=2xy, by dividing by y;
2y, by transposition,
Wherefore, (2y-1)x = 2y; and x =

Or, 2xy pro

Jacopo, tel est le nom du fils du pêcheur, s'était' surtout concilié les bonnes grâces de Napoléon, qui, sur ses menus plaisirs, trouvait toujours le moyen de mettre quelque chose de côté pour lui. Aussi était-il devenu pour Jacopo l'objet d'une sorte de culte et d'adoration; pour Napoléon, Jacopo aurait tout sacrifié,12 jusqu'à sa vie.

2y (A.)

2y-1'

Now, substituting this value of x in equation (1.) we have + y2=

-

4y2
(2y-1)3

by dividing by y3.

2y2 2y

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by reduction;

Whence
And 4y

Cependant, lorsque Napoléon eut atteints l'âge de dix Or, ans, il duth quitter Ajaccio. Avant de partir, l'enfant alla faire ses adieux à la famille du pêcheur, et ce ne fut pas sans verser quelques larmes qu'ii se sépara de Jacopo. Il avait une très jolie boîte en ébène,13 de la grandeur à peu près d'une tabatière, à laquelle il tenait beaucoup; il y grava son nom avec la pointe d'un canií, et 16 en fit cadeau à Jacopo, qui la reçut en sanglotant, et la plaça immédiatement sur son cœur. Jamais ce souvenir ne devait le quitter.

Nous ne suivrons point Napoléon dans les différentes phases de sa prodigieuse fortune.

Le deux décembre mil huit cent cinq,18 l'armée française était campée dans les plaines d'Austerlitz. Le soleil sc lève; entouré de ses maréchaux, l'Empereur attend,19 pour donner ses ordres, que l'horizon soit tout à fait éclairci. -Soldats, s'écria-t-il, il faut finir cette campagne par un coup de tonnerre! Et le combat s'engage aux cris de Vive l'Empereur!

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10. Avait-il obtenu l'amitié de
Napoléon?

11. Qu'était devenu Napoléon
pour Jacopo?

12. Qu'aurait fait le petit gar-
çon pour son bienfaiteur?
13. Quand Napoléon dut-il
quitter Ajaccio ?

14. Qu'alla-t-il faire avant de
partir?

15. Qu'avait-il alors ?
16. Que fit-il de la boîte?
17. Où Jacopo plaça-t-il le ca-
deau ?

18. Quel jour l'armée française
était-ello campée dans les
plaines d'Austerlitz?
19. Qu'attendait l'Empereur?
20. Que dit-il aux soldats?

NOTES AND REFERENCES.-a. L. S. 72, R. 4.-6. bien rangé, neatly arranged.-c. étendue, lying; from étendre; L. S. 45, R.

14; by removing fractions;
Or, 4y2: 5; by transposition.
Therefore y2:
And y=15, or 1·119034.

Now,

Or, 2 =

5 49

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√5 (15+1) (√5 — 1) (√5+1) Therefore x = (55), or 1.809017. This problem was solved by R. KERSLAKE (Carlisle); H. DAVIS (Maida-hill); and others.

The following problem is now proposed to our students for solution:

Given the heights of two towers, a and b, standing on a horizontal plane, and d the distance between them; to find a point in the straight line joining the bottoms of the towers, situated at an equal distance from their tops. This may be solved either geometrically, algebraically, or arithmetically, supposing a 100, 80, and d = 120.

MATHEMATICAL ILLUSTRATIONS.-No. VIII.

ARITHMETICAL LOGARITHMS.

WE promised, in a former lesson, to show how to perform Arithmetical Calculations by means of the Tables of Logarithms and Autilogarithms inserted in Nos. 109 and 110; we now proceed to fulfil this promise.

1. To Multiply Numbers by Means of the Tables.-Rule. From the table of logarithms, as directed in page 70, take out the logarithms of the factors or numbers to be multiplied together, and add them, as decimal fractions are added; their sum will be the logarithm of the product. Look for this logarithm in the table of antilogarithms, as directed in p. 87, and the antilogarithm corresponding to it will be the product required.

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IIere, the sum is 4.9917; and by consulting the table of antilogarithms, we have 9795+15=9810; but as the index shows that the product must consist of five integer figures, and the table does not enable us to get the fifth figure, we borrow it from the knowledge of the fact that in the product, the first figure on the right must be 2, on the principles of common multiplication.

2. To Divide Numbers by means of the Tables.-Rule. From the table of logarithms, as directed, take out the logarithms of the dividend and divisor, and subtract the logarithm of the latter from that of the former, as decimals are subtracted; the remainder will be the logarithm of the quotient. Look for this logarithin in the table of antilogarithms, as directed, and the antilogarithm corresponding to it will be the quotient required.

Example. Divide 34 by 45, and 362 by 271. IIere we have, from the table of logarithms,

Log. 34 1.5315 Log. 45 1.6532

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Log. 1.161 0.0650

Whence the number 1-161 is the 20th root of 20.

We shall now show the use of these tables in the solution of a complicated and difficult question, which it would take many hours to solve by common arithmetic.

Example. What is the compound interest of a penny from the commencement of the Christian era till the present year (1854), at 5 per cent. interest payable yearly; and how many solid globes of pure gold, each as large as the earth, would that interest purchase, supposing that its mean diameter is 7,912 miles, and the weight of a cubic foot of pure gold is 17,591 ounces troy, the gold being valued at £3 17s. 10 d. per ounce?

Here we have, according to the rules of compound interest, and the principles of mensuration, Log. 1'05

Log. 79123.8983 Log. 52803.7226

0.0212 1854

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Log. 362

2·5587

Log. 271

2.4330

Log. 1.336

0·1257

Here the remainder is 0.1257; and from the table of antilogarithms we have 1334 +2=1336; and as the index shows that the quotient must have one integer, the rest will be decimals.

3. To Raise a Number to a Given Power by means of the Tabies. -Rule. From the table of logarithms, as directed, take the logarithm of the number, or root, and multiply it by the index of the given power, as decimals are multiplied, the product will be the logarithm of the power. Look for this logarithm in the table of antilogarithms, as directed, and the antilogarithm corresponding to it will be the power required.

Example. What is the cube of 12, and the 7th power of 105 Here we have, by the table of logarithms,

Log. 12 10792

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(A) 36.9246 27.4173

(C) 9.5073

Here (A) is the logarithm of the compound interest and amount of a penny for the required period; (B) is the logarithm of the value of one solid globe of gold as large as the earth, at the mint price; and (C) is the logarithm of the number of such globes required to pay the interest of a penny from the date proposed. Now, its corresponding number is 3214 +23216, followed by six ciphers to make up the number of integers required by the index 9; or 3,216,000,000. Thus, it appears that The compound interest of a penny for 1854 years, would purchase three thousand two hundred and sixteen millions of solid globes of pure gold each as large as the earth! Let our students learn from this, to take care of the pence, as the pounds will take care of themselves.

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The straight lines which join the extremities of two equal and parallel straight lines towards the same parts, are also themselves equal and parallel.

Let the straight lines A C and B D, fig. 33, join the two equal and parallel straight lines A B and C D towards the same parts.

The index here means the number put over the mark V, which is gene-Then the straight lines AC and D D are also equal and parallel. rally expressed in a fractional form as a denominator,

A

Fig. 33.

B

D

Join BC. Because A B is parallel to CD, and BC meets them, the angle ABC is equal (I. 29) to the alternate angle BCD. Because AB is equal to CD, and BC common to the two triangles A B C and DCB; the two sides A B and B c, are equal to the two DC and CB, each to each; and the angle ABC was proved to be equal to the angle DCD; therefore the base A c is equal (I. 4) to the base BD, and the triangle A B C to the triangle BCD. Also the remaining angles of the one are equal to the remaining angles of the other, each to each; viz., those to which the equal sides are opposite. Therefore the angle AC B is equal to the angle c BD. Again, because the straight line B c meets the two straight lines A C and BD, and makes the alternate angles ACB and C B D equal to one another, therefore a c is (I. 27) parallel to BD; and Ac was proved to be equal to B D. Therefore, the straight lines which, etc. Q. E. D.

The enunciation of this proposition is more clearly expressed thus: "The straight lines which, without crossing each other, join the extremities of two equal and parallel straight lines, are themselves equal and parallel."

Corollary-A quadrilateral which has two of its opposite sides equal and parallel, is a parallelogram.-See the following definition:

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The opposite sides and angles of a parallelogram are equal to one another, and the diagonal bisec's it, that is, divides it into two equal parts.

Let A D, fig. 34, be a parallelogram, of which nc is a diagonal. The opposite sides and angles of the parallelogram are equal to one another; and the diagonal B C bisects it.

A

C

EXERCISE I. TO PROPOSITION XXXIV.

If the opposite sides, or the opposite angles, of a quadrilateral figure be equal, it is a parallelogram.

In fig. 34, let A B D C be a quadrilateral figure; and first, let the opposite sides be equal. Then it is a parallelogram.

Join CB. Because, in the two triangles A B C and BCD, the side A B is equal to the side CD, the side BC is common to both, and the side a c is equal to BD; therefore (I. 8) the angle ABC is equal to the angle BCD; and they are alternate angles; wherefore A B is parallel to C D. In the same manner it may be shown that a c is parallel to BD; therefore (Def. 36) the quadrilateral figure A B DC is a parallelogram.

Second, let the opposite angles be equal. Then the figure ABDC is a parallelogram.

Because all the interior angles of the figure ABD c are equal to four right angles (I. 32, Cor. 8), and that the two angles BAC and ACD are equal to the two angles A B D and BDC; In the same manner therefore the two angles B A C and A CD are equal to two right Therefore the angles, and (I. 28) A B is parallel to CD. it may be shown that A c is parallel to B D. figure (Def. 36) ABDC is a parallelogram. Wherefore, if the Q. E. D. opposite sides, or the opposite angles, etc.

EXERCISE II. TO PROPOSITION XXXIV.

The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other; and if the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other, it is a parallelogram.

In fig., let ABDC be a parallelogram, and 1ct AD and c be its diagonals. Then, first, the diagonals A D and B c bisect each other.

From the 12th Axiom, it is plain that the diagonals A D and BC intersect each other. Let B be the point of their intersection. Because the straight line в c meets the parallels

Fig. 1.

E

Because A C

Fig. 31.

B

D

Because A B is parallel to c D, and B c meets them, the angle ABC is equal (I. 29) to the alternate angle B CD. is parallel to B D, and BC meets them, the angle ACB is equal (I. 29) to the alternate angle CBD. Because in the two triangles A B C and CBD, the two angles ABC and BCA, in the one, are equal to the two angles B CD and CBD in the other, each to each; and one side BC, adjacent to these equal angles, is common to the two triangles; therefore their other sides are equal, each to each, and the third angle of the one is equal to the third angle of the other (I. 26); viz., the side A B to the side CD, the side A c to the side BD, and the angle B A C to the angle B D C. Because the angle A B C is equal to the angle DCD, and the angle CBD to the angle ACB; therefore the whole angle A B D is equal (Ax. 2) to the whole angle ACD; and the angle BAC has been proved to be equal to the angle BDC;AD and B C are bisected in E. therefore the opposite sides and angles of a parallelogram are equal to one another.

Also the diagonal B c bisects the parallelogram A D. Because in the two triangles A B C and D C B, the side A B is equal to the side CD, and BC common, the two sides A B and B c are equal to the two sides DC and C B, each to each; and the angle ABC has been proved to be equal to the angle B CD; therefore the Wherefore triangle ABC is equal (I. 4) to the triangle B CD. the diagonal B C divides the parallelogram A D into two equal parts. Q. E. D.

Corollary 1.-If a parallelogram have one angle a right angle, all its angles are right angles.

Corollary 2.-Parallelograms having one angle equal in each, are equiangular.

Corollary 3.-Parallelograms which have one angle and two adjacent sides equal in each, are equal in all respects. Corollary 4.-The adjacent angles of a parallelogram are supplements of each other.

AB and CD, the angle ABC is equal to the angle BCD (I. 29). For a similar reason, the angle BA D is equal to the angle ADC; therefore, in the two triangles BAE and CDE, the two angles ABE and BAE of the one, are equal to the two angles E CD and CDE of the other; but the side A B is equal to the side CD (I. 34); therefore the triangle ABE is equal to the triangle CED (I. 26), and the remaining sides and angles of the one are equal to the remaining sides and angles of the other; wherefore A E is equal to E D, and B E to EC; and the diagonals

Second, let the diagonals AD and Bc bisect each other in E; then the figure ABD C is a parallelogram.

Because in the two triangles BAE and CED, the two sides BE and E ▲ are equal to the two sides C E and E D each to each (Hyp.), and the angle A E B is equal to the angle CED (I. 15); therefore the base A B is equal to C D, and the remaining angles of the one to the remaining angles of the other, viz. the angle ABC to the angle B C D, and the angle B A D to the angle ADC (I. 4). But the angles ABC and BCD are alternate angles; therefore A B is parallel to CD (I. 27); for a similar reason A C is parallel to BD. Wherefore, the diagonals of a parallelogram, Q. E. D.†

etc.

"This exercise was solved by T. Bоcock (Great Warley); D. H. (Drif field; E. J. BREMNER (Carlisle); J. 11. EASTWOOD (Middleton); and QUINTIN PRINGLE (Glasgow); who also solved the three latter exercises on the 32nd Proposition of the 1st Book.

This exercise was solved by those named in the preceding note, and by H. I. PUGH (Longsight); and T. WATKINS (Pembroke Dock).

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