member it. Try to remember, also, that the line where the earth and sky seem to meet, is called the horizon. 5. That part of the horizon where you see the sun rise, is called east. Where it sets, is west. noon is in the south, and high in the sky.

The sun at Now, if you stand with your right hand toward the east and your left toward the west, you will face the north, and the south will be behind you. If you remember these points, you will always be able to know in what direction you are traveling, and can describe your journey so that other persons, who may wish to do so, can follow your route.

6. We came from the east. We are going toward the west. That plain which you see, stretches far away to the east, much beyond the place at which we started. We are now near the western border of it. Away on the eastern border, is an immense body of water. It is called the Atlantic Ocean, and this plain is called the Atlantic Plain because it borders upon the Atlantic Ocean. The part of the plain over which we have traveled is named New Jersey. It is only a very small part of the Atlantic Plain.

7. This great plain extends hundreds of miles to the north and the south, and is everywhere somewhat level; but it has not, in all parts, the same kinds of trees and animals, nor the same pretty farmhouses, villages, and smooth roads.

8. In some places, far away to the south, you will find, for miles and miles, nothing but tall, dark pine trees. There are no farms, no villages, but only the little cabins in which the people live who gather the turpentine from the pine trees.

9. In other places, still farther south, there are, for many miles, only great swamps. In these swamps are tall trees, with long moss trailing from the branches; and many kinds of flowers, growing in the water, like the white water lily.

10. In the parts which are not swampy, oranges and lemons grow; and the palmetto, which is very different from any of the trees in the north. It is a kind of palm tree, and can grow only in warm countries. In the lowlands, near the sea, you will find large fields of rice. When seen growing, it looks much like a field of wheat or tall grass.

11. Far to the south, there is no winter. Instead of skating and sleigh rides on Christmas and New Year's, people are working in their fields and gardens; and a few days later the ground is green with growing plants, and the roses and other flowers are in bloom. would you like to live in such a place?

How

12. This great, rich, and beautiful plain is only one small portion of our country. Do you know what the name of our whole great country is? It is the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. It reaches north and south as many as fifteen hundred miles, through the very best part of a great land, called North America; and it stretches east and west twenty-five hundred miles, from the borders of the Atlantic Ocean to another great ocean, called the Pacific.

III. - AMONG THE HILLS AND VALLEYS.

Tren'-ton.

Fair'-mount.

Del'-a-ware.
In-de-pend'-ence.

Phil-a-del-phi-a.
Schuyl'-kill [Skool'-].

1. WE have spent a long time on the hilltop, looking back toward the east, and studying the plain. Now we must go on with our journey. But the country through which we now pass is quite unlike that which we left behind us. It is not so pleasant to be going up and down, up and down, for hours together. But that is what we must do here; for there are many ridges to be crossed, and, almost as soon as we are over one, we find another to be climbed.

2. As we go down the long slope of this first ridge, do you notice the green belt of land at the bottom, before the slope begins to rise to the next ridge?

How pretty it is! And there, in the lowest part, is a lovely stream of water. These belts of lower land, between the higher grounds, are called valleys. If we were going along the valley, we could follow it for a long distance, by the side of its beautiful stream. Sometimes the hills on each side would be nearer, sometimes farther apart; and everywhere we should see farms and villages, just as we saw them in the

plain farther east, for the valley is just like the plain, except that it is narrower.

3. We cross ridge after ridge, and valley after valley. Finally we descend a long, gentle slope; and there, spread out under our eyes, is a valley, wider and more lovely, and a stream greater, than any of those we have passed. This stream is named the Delaware River; for large streams are called rivers, and not brooks.

4. Here is a fine village on the river bank; and at this place we will take the railroad, and follow the

GEOG. READ. & PRIM.-2

valley toward the sea. We see, on the banks of the stream, several large and busy villages, and some still larger and busier places, called cities.

5. As the river goes on, it grows larger and larger; for brooks and smaller rivers, one after another, flow into it. Thus larger and larger vessels can sail on it, and more and more kinds of business can be done in the places on its banks. So we do not wonder at all when we come to cities that are bigger and more full of business than any which we have before seen.

6. Here is a city named Trenton. It is built just where the Delaware has become deep and wide enough for ships and steamboats to move about in its waters. We now change to another railroad. This carries us across the river, and on, southwestward, to a much greater city, built beside the Delaware, nearer the sea. This is Philadelphia, one of the largest cities in our country. It is in the State of Pennsylvania.

7. Here we see mile after mile of streets paved with blocks of stone to keep them firm and smooth. On each side of the streets, are walks which are thronged with people hurrying to and fro. In some of the streets, are lines of railroad. On the rails, are street cars filled with people who have too far to go, or are too much in haste, to walk.

8. Beside the streets, are long rows of tall houses, standing so close together that they touch one another, and look like only one great building. There is no room for flower gardens around the houses, such as we see in villages. The houses, too, are so much alike, that, if it were not for the number placed on each, a person might easily mistake some other house for his own.