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601. non tibi Tyndaridis, etc.: mark you, it is not the hated beauty of Spartan Helen, or guilty Paris, but the sternness of the gods, — yes of the gods I say, that is destroying this empire and overthrowing Troy from its summit; i.e. Troy's ruin is brought about, not by the guilt of Paris prompted by Helen's beauty, but by the vengeance of the gods, Neptune, Juno, Minerva, all of whom had special cause for indignation against the Trojans; see below on lines 610, 612; tibi is Ethical Dative.

602. divum inclementia, divum: the absence of sed before these words (Adversative Asyndeton) and the rhetorical repetition of divum are in keeping with the lofty tone of the entire passage.

604. obducta tuenti: drawn before your gaze; literally, before you gazing.

605. umida circum caligat: spreads its dank pall around (Papillon and Haigh); literally, being damp is in a mist.

606. ne time neu recusa: prohibitions expressed by ne (neu) with the present imperative are chiefly poetical.

609. mixto pulvere: mixed with dust; literally, dust being mixed (with it).

610. Neptunus: Neptune, along with Apollo, had erected the walls of Troy for Laomedon, but upon the completion of the work Laomedon not merely refused the gods their covenanted reward, but rudely expelled them from his dominions. Hence Neptune's hatred of the Trojans. Note that the god who built the walls is now destroying them.

612. Juno saevissima: Juno and Pallas had been affronted by Paris's award of the golden apple to Venus. portas poetic plural for singular, as often in English.

613. prima: in the van. socium agmen : her confederate band, viz. of the Greeks. furens limiting Juno.

615. Pallas nimbo effulgens: i.e. shining forth from the cloud that envelopes her.

616. Gorgone saeva: fierce with the Gorgon; saeva is nominative. On her breastplate, Pallas wore a representation of the head of the Gorgon Medusa.

617. pater: Jupiter.

secundas: victorious; literally, favorable. labori: to the struggle.

619. eripe fugam: i.e. flee quickly.

620. patrio:= patris tui.

622. apparent to my eyes are disclosed.

facies: forms, shapes;

further explained by numina magna; -que is explanatory, not copu

lative.

624-670. Aeneas hastens home. Anchises refuses to leave the house.

624. considere in ignis: i.e. settle down into the flames. Neptunia: Troy was so called since its walls were built by Neptune; see note on line 610.

627. ferro accisam crebrisque bipennibus: attacked with repeated blows of their iron axes; literally, hacked into with iron and repeated two-edged axes.

628. illa: the tree. fall).

usque minatur: continually threatens (to

629. tremefacta comam, etc. : trembling with its foliage, nods as its crest is shaken; comam is a Synecdochical Accusative.

630. supremum congemuit: has given one final crash; for the accusative, see B. 176, 2; A. 390, c; G. 332; H. 409, 1.

631. traxit ruinam: as in line 465. jugis: with avolsa. Virgil does not complete the comparison, but leaves it to his readers to imagine ancient Troy falling like the ancient ash-tree, expiring in one final agony.

632. descendo: viz. from the acropolis. deo here, the goddess. 633. expedior: reflexive, extricate myself, make my way out. dant tela locum, etc.: viz. through the intervention of the goddess. 634. ubi perventum (est): when I had arrived.

637. abnegat producere: abnego takes the construction of nolo. 638. integer aevi: unimpaired in years; for the genitive, see B. 204, 4; A. 349, d; G. 374, N. 6.; H. 452, 2.

641. me emphatic and contrasted with the preceding vos.

642. satis una superque, etc.: enough and more (than enough) is it to have seen one destruction and to have survived (one) capture of the city; literally, sufficiently and more I have seen one destruction, etc. The emphasis of the sentence rests upon satis superque and una; satis superque, a standing expression, is here made emphatic by the separation of the two members. The idea of one' in una is also to be understood with captae urbi. Anchises refers to the capture and destruction of Troy by Hercules, who had been promised by Laomedon the hand of the Princess Hesione. The king refused to keep his pledge, whereupon Hercules captured and sacked the city.

643. captae urbi: for the force of the participle, see note on i. 27, spretae formae. superavimus: with the force and construction of superfuimus, have survived.'

644. sic, o sic positum, etc.: i.e. say farewell to my body thus laid out, and haste away! ponere is the technical term for laying out a

dead body; affari refers to the custom of bidding farewell to the departed by saying vale, vale, vale! Anchises imagines himself as practically already dead.

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645. ipse as for me; contrasting himself with those whom he has just addressed. manu by my prowess, i.e. I will take arms and provoke the enemy to slay me. miserebitur hostis: i.e. from Anchises's point of view, death will be a mercy.

646. facilis jactura sepulcri: Anchises speaks in bitterness of soul. To be honored with due rites of sepulture, was to the ancient mind one of the most cherished privileges. But Anchises has already suffered so much in the fall of the city that he is now resigned to any fate.

647. invisus divis: Anchises had been lamed by the stroke of Jupiter's thunderbolt for having boasted of enjoying Venus's love; divis is dative. annos demoror: I delay the (passing) years; i.e. I protract a useless existence.

648. ex quo: ever since; see note on line 163.

649. fulminis ventis: the lightning is conceived as a fiery wind; ventis is Ablative of Means.

651. effusi (sumus) lacrimis: were bathed in tears; literally, were poured out in tears. conjunxque: -que is correlative with the following connectives (-que . . . -que).

652. ne vellet: Substantive Clause Developed from the Volitive (B. 295, 1; A. 563; G. 546; H. 565), dependent on the idea of entreating involved in effusi lacrimis. vertere secum cuncta: implying that the rest of the household would refuse to go without Anchises.

653. fato urgenti incumbere: i.e. to intensify their present trouble; literally, lean against pressing fate. Anchises is figuratively pictured as leaning his body against a weapon already touching him with its point.

654. incepto et sedibus haeret in isdem: clings to the same purpose and fixed resolve. Understand in eodem with incepto.

656. jam longer.

657. mene: -ne is regularly appended to the emphatic word of the sentence,

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here me.

658. tantum nefas: i.e. such an impious proposal.

659. si nihil, etc.: if it please the gods that nothing be left.

660. sedet hoc animo: this purpose is fixed in your mind; hoc is explained by the following clause, perituraeque . . . juvat, -que being explanatory and not copulative; cf. line 622; animo is ablative. periturae: doomed.

661. te tuosque: objects of addere. as you wish.

isti leto: i.e. such a death

662. multo de sanguine: we should say, 'reeking with the blood.' 663. gnatum, patrem: viz. Polites and Priam; gnatum is archaic for natum. pa-tris, pat-rem: notice the changing quantity in the first syllable of this word, and see Introd. p. xxiii.

664. hoc erat, alma parens, etc.: was this the purpose for which you rescue me . . . viz. that I may see? hoc is explained by the appositional purpose clause ut cernam; alma parens is Venus. The clause quod eripis (the fact that you rescue me,' 'your rescue of me') is the subject of erat; hoc is predicate.

665. utque: the unnecessary repetition of ut here betrays the speaker's excitement.

667. alterum in alterius, etc. : slaughtered in one another's blood. 668. lux:= - dies.

669. sinite instaurata revisam proelia: let me revisit and renew the contest; revisam is a Substantive Clause Developed from the Volitive; B. 295, 2; A. 563, c; G. 553, 2. For the absence of ut, see B. 295, 8; A. 565 and a; G. 546, R. 2; H. 562, 1, N.

670. numquam : an emphatic negative, as often in English. omnes: emphatic. Aeneas means that he himself at least will wreak his vengeance on the foe before he falls..

671-704. An omen induces Anchises to consent to flee.

672. aptans: adjusting it.

674. patri:= mihi; but patri emphasizes the parental relation and hence is much more effective than mihi.

675. periturus: i.e. bent on destruction.

i.e. into all perils.

et: too. in omnia:

676. expertus: from having made trial of them (i.e. of arms). The participle has causal force.

sumptis in armis: in taking up arms. Iulus, pater: understand

677. cui: i.e. as a prey to whom? relinquitur from relinquor.

678. conjunx quondam tua dicta: once called your wife. Creusa's words imply that Aeneas no longer thinks of Creusa as his wife.

681. manus inter maestorumque ora: we are to picture Creusa as

on her knees, holding Iulus up to Aeneas as he bends over her 682. levis apex: a flickering point. de vertice fundere lumen: always a favorable omen. visus (est) was seen.

683. mollis: with comas.

686. excutere et restinguere: Historical Infinitives with conative

force, tried to shake off, etc.

fontibus: aquis.

sanctos: as sent by the gods.

690. hoc tantum: i.e. this only do I beg. si meremur: if we deserve it, viz. to have our prayer granted.

691. da augurium: Anchises begs that the first omen be confirmed by a second. deinde referring to si meremur. firma: imperative from firmare.

692. -que here with the force of 'when.'

693. intonuit laevum: it thundered on the left; a favorable omen ; laevum is probably nominative; literally, the left thundered.

694. facem: a train.

696. vias: its course.

claram: still bright.

699. hic vero: a poetic variation of the usual tum vero. overcome. se tollit ad auras: rises.

victus:

701. jam jam nulla mora est: i.e, I delay no longer. 702. domum: here in the sense of my race,' 'my family.' tem: Ascanius.

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703. Troja: i.e. the Trojans who survive.

705-751. Aeneas leaves the city with his family. Creusa is lost.

705. per moenia: through the city.

706. aestus: surging flames.

707. ergo age: come then!

passive, with reflexive force.

imponere: place thyself; imperative

709. quo res cumque cadent: howsoever (literally, whithersoever) matters fall out.

711. longe servet vestigia: follow (literally, mark) my steps at a distance; as a matter of precaution.

712. quae its antecedent is ea to be understood as the object of advertite. animis ablative.

713. urbe egressis: as you go out of the city; literally, to those having gone out; Dative of the Local Standpoint; B. 188, 2; A. 378, 2; G. 353; H. 525, 4.

714. desertae: by Hypallage, this term, which applies strictly to the temple, is transferred to the goddess.

715. relligione patrum servata : reverently guarded by our fathers; literally, with reverence of our fathers; relligione is Ablative of Attendant Circumstance.

716. ex diverso: i.e. from different directions.

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