is to cope with it at a time. They are never allowed to attack the bull, but muft wait the animal's approach. The bull trotted into the middle of the area, and ftared about, frighted by the clapping and hallooing of the multitude. The man on horfeback always facing the beaft, and turning when it turned it then ran at the horse, and got another wound in the breast, and a third from the next horfeman it attacked. It was now become mad with pain, the blood iffuing from its mouth in ftreams, and faintnefs made it ftagger, its eyes" flashed fury," it pawed up the ground, and lafhed its fides with its tail; its breath was impetuously discharged like fmoke from its noftrils, so that its head appeared as if in a mift. A trumpet then founded, which was the fignal for the horsemen to retire; and the men on foot began their attack, flicking barbed darts into every part of its body; the torture they inflicted made the bull leap from the "ground, and run furiously at one of the men, who jumped afide; the bull then turned to another man, who had just stuck a dart into its back this man took to his heels, and leaped over the rails, where he was fafe: in this manner all the men continued tormenting the bull, who could hardly ftand through loss of blood. The trumpet then founded again, upon which the matador appeared, with a cloak extended on a short stick in his. left hand, and in his right a two-edged fword, the blade of which was flat, four inches broad, and a yard long; he stood ftill, and at the moment the bull in the agonies of defpair and death, made at him, he plunged the sword into the spine behind the beaft's horns, which inftantly made it drop down dead. If the matador miffes his aim, and cannot defend himself with the cloak, he lofes his life, as the bull exerts all its remaining ftrength with an almost inconceivable fury. The dead bull was immediately dragged out of the area by three horses on a full gallop, whofe traces were fattened to its horns. A quarter of an hour was elapfed, which is the time allowed for the murder of each bull, five minutes to the horfemen, five to the footmen, and five to the slayer.

Another bull was then let in this was the wildest and most furious of any I ever faw. The horfeman miffed his aim, and the bull thruit its horns into the horfe's belly, making the bowels hang out the horfe became ungovernable, fo that the man was obliged to dismount and abandon it to the bull, who purfued it round the area, till at last the horse fell, and expired. Four other horfes were fucceffively killed by this bull, which, till then, had only received flight wounds, though one of the horses had kicked its jaw to pieces. One of the horfemen broke his Ipear in the bull's neck, and horfe and rider fell to the ground; the rider broke his leg, and was carried off. The footmen then fell to work again, and afterwards the matador put an end to the life of this valiant animal, whose strength and courage were unavailing to fave it. The third buli killed two horfes, goring them under the belly, fo that the inteftines hung trailing

on the ground. The feventh bull likewife killed two horfes. In this manner were ten bulls maffacred, and the whole concluded in two hours and a half. The bulls flesh was immedi. ately fold to the populace at ten quartos per pound, which is about three pence.

When the laft bull had been fufficiently wounded by the horfemen, the mob were allowed to enter the area; they attacked the bull on all fides, and killed it with their knives and daggers. The bull sometimes toffes fome of these fellows over its head.'

From Port St. Mary, where the author had feen this bullfight, he proceeded for Sevilla, with which he appears to have been much pleased, and afterwards arrived at Cadiz, where he beheld another spectacle of the same kind.

• There are, he fays a great number of billiard-tables in Cadiz, as well as in most of the capital cities in Spain, and likewife many trucos, which are a peculiar kind of billiard tables, with twenty pockets, played on with very large balls, which are to pass through an iron arch fixed in a certain part of the table.Horseshoes are beaten into the shape required, when the iron is cold, which makes them laft much longer than they would otherwise do.

The beggars who fwarm in every part of these kingdoms are as infufferably troublesome as they are in Italy: I have frequently been interrupted while converfing with acquaintances in the ftreets, by the vile paw of a difgufting old woman familiarly placed on my arm, and on turning to look at the object have tarted with horror at the fhocking fpectacle: thefe wretches even infolently intrude themselves into churches and coffeehouses, and expofe their cadaverous and rotten limbs close under the nofe of the affrighted fpectator.

At all the fairs which I faw in Spain, I observed in the booths horns made of clay, painted, and of various dimenfions; they are purchased, and presented by way of raillery to jealous hulbands, &c.'

-

The fhort cloak formerly worn by the Spaniards is now laid afide, as are alfo their fpectacles, ruffs, and long fwords; and the only mark of their former gravity confifts in the deep brown colour of the habits of the common people.

• Chocolate is the daily morning beverage of almost all ranks of Spaniards and Portuguefe. The ufual phrafe made ufe of in the Spanish language on parting with a perfon is, Vaya V. S. con Dios, " May your worship go along with God," which is equivalent to our Farewell, or Adieu. For, "I thank you," the Spaniards fay, "Viva V. S. mil anos. "May your worship live a thousand years;" to which the answer fometimes is, "Poco más o menos, a little more or lefs."

• Gold or filver coin, even Spanish, is not allowed to be brought into, or carried out of any of the cities of Spain, more cspe

especially Cadiz, if it exceeds ten pounds, without paying four per cent. duty to the king. The fhip in which I embarked brought one hundred and fixty bags, each containing a thousand hard dollars, to England, which amounted to near thirty-fix thousand pounds. Thefe dollars were of filver, of the value of about four fhillings and fix pence each, and chiefly coined in Mexico; every bag weighed fixty-one pounds and a half, and the freight was a half per cent.

The packets, which fail ufually every week from Lisbon to Falmouth, frequently bring as large a fum, in gold pieces of thirty-fix fhillings, to England. There are no bank-notes in thefe kingdoms.

The chief products of Spain are corn, wine, oil, fruits, raifins, honey, cork, and falt, which laft is fo abundant, that the kingdom of Murcia alone is able to fupply all Spain with that commodity. In the province of Bifcay are a great number of iron mines; in Andalufia are many mines of lead; and in Murcia much fulphur is made. Marble quarries abound all over the kingdom. The principal manufactures are of filk and wool: Silk, which has been cultivated in Spain ever fince the year 1492, is chiefly produced in the kingdoms of Valencia and Murcia; and wool in the two Caftiles. The other productions are hemp, flax, cotton, &c. much coral is fished out of the fea near the mouth of the river Ebro.

Tunny are caught in fummer in great abundance near Conil, on the Andalufian coaft. These fish are from feven to ten feet in length, and weigh about a hundred and a half. The duke of Medina-Sidonia is proprietor of this fishery, which brings him in annually upwards of ten thousand pounds. The fish is eaten fresh and falted: it is exported to Italy, where it ferves for food to the equipage of the gallies which cruife in the Mediterranean: this fifh is very firm and nourishing, and much resembles veal.

The whole kingdom is over-run with French knife-grinders, tinkers, and pedlars, who collect much money by exercifing thefe mean trades, after which they return to their own country, leaving the Spanish dons weltering in their pride, laziness and mifery.

All works intended to be printed in Spain muft undergo fuch a number of revifals and corrections, and must be licensed by fo many various tribunals, fuch as that of the inquifition, &c. that it is enough to difcourage any attempts towards putting the Spanish literature on a better footing.

In the year 1764, the inhabitants of the kingdom of Spain, of the feven Canary islands, of the island of Majorca, and of the cities of Oran and Ceuta, on the African coaft, which include all the Spanish dominions in Europe and Africa, were numbered, and a printed lift of them published, of which the following is an extract.

t

Cities,

The number of fouls who are of age to receive the facraments is fix millions three hundred and fifty thoufand one hundred and ninety-fix, to which the afore-mentioned hundred and two thousand four hundred and twenty eight drones being added, compofe a total of fix millions four hundred and fifty-two thoufand fix hundred and twenty-four adult perfons: if the children were to be added, fuch an addition might probably double that number. Before the difcovery of America, in 1492, it is faid that the population of Spain amounted to twenty millions, but that difcovery drained the kingdom of almost half its inhabitants, and the remaining half wifely expelled a million of Moors out of their country in the fame year, and another mil. lion in 1610 and 1612. In the time of Cæfar, hiftory affures us, that there were no less than fifty millions of fouls in Spain.'

On the 6th of September our traveller embarked in a veffel on his return to Britain, and feems to have quitted the continent with a high opinion of the hofpitality both of the Spaniards and Portuguefe.

The volume is ornamented with feveral excellent plates, and the author has fubjoined an Appendix containing the following articles 1. An Itinerary, fpecifying the diftances of places; 2. A Summary of the Hiftory of Portugal; 3. A Summary of the History of Spain; 4. A Catalogue of Books which defcribe Spain and Portugal; 5. Some Account of the Spanifh and Portuguefe Literature.

Through the whole of this excurfion Mr. Twifs evidently appears to have been extremely attentive in his obfervations, which he has likewife related with great minuteness. But fome readers, perhaps, will be of opinion, that he has too frequent recourse to quotations from the poets, for the embellifhment of his narrative.

III. A Gentleman's Tour through Monmouthshire and Wales, in the Months of June and july, 1774. Small 8vo. 2s. 6d. Served Evans, Strand.

BY

Y a very blameable contempt of the knowledge of our own country, the more remote parts of it in particular are feldom or never vifited upon the general principle of travelling. It is probable this may in great meafure be owing to an opi

nion

nion entertained of various inconveniencies attending fuch a journey. The writer of this Tour, however, affures us that, in the low, level fituations of Wales the turnpikes are excelIent; that the mountainous roads are, in moft parts, as good as the nature of the country will admit of; that the inns, a few excepted, are comfortable, and that the people are uni verfally civil and obliging. Thefe circumftances may be fufficient to remove any prejudice against the excurfion. But, as an incentive to curiofity, we are further told, that the romantic beauties of nature are fo fingular in the principality, parti cularly in the counties of Merioneth and Caernarvon, that they are scarcely to be conceived by those who have not seen them, A remarkable inftance of this wild magnificence we meet with in the views from the Wye, between Chepstow and Tintern. Here, we are told the rocks on each fide feem to be from three hundred to fix hundred feet high; in fome places perpendicular and naked, and in others, the mountains are wholly covered with woods. We fhall prefent our readers with the author's account of Caerleon, to which he has prefixed that of Giraldus Cambrenfis, who lived in the twelfth century.

"It is called Caerlon, the city of the legions; for caer, in the British language, fignifies city or cafle; and because the Roman legions, which were fent into this ifland, were accuftomed to winter in this place, it acquired the name of. Caerleon. This city is of great antiquity and fame, and was frongly defended by the Romans with brick walls. Many remains of its ancient magnificence are ftill extant; fuch as fplendid palaces, which once emulated, with their gilded roofs, the grandeur of Rome; for it was originally built by the emperors, and adorned with ftately edifices: immenfe baths: ruins of temples, and a theatre, the walls of which are ftill ftanding. ́Here we still fee, both within and without the walls, fubterraneous buildings, aqueducts, and vaulted caverns; and what appeared to me moft remarkable, ftoves fo excellently contrived, as to diffufe their heat through fecret and imperceivable pores. The city is pleasantly fituated on the banks of the navigable Ufke, and furrounded with woods and pafture."

Great credit is due to this defcription, and I have no doubt, but that it is an accurate reprefentation of the state of Caerleon in the twelfth century.

Various antiquities have, in different ages, been discovered among the ruins of this city. Camden and his continuator have preferved a confiderable catalogue of them; and, even at this time, the fund is not exhaufted.

The Roman walls are still visible, but the facing ftones have long fince been removed for private uses. Near the centre

of