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ON

SURVEYING,

CONTAINING

THE THEORY AND PRACTICE:

TO WHICH IS PREFIXED,

A PERSPICUOUS SYSTEM

OF

PLANE TRIGONOMETRY.

THE WHOLE

CLEARLY DEMONSTRATED AND ILLUSTRATED

BY

A LARGE NUMBER OF APPROPRIATE EXAMPLES.

PARTICULARLY ADAPTED TO THE USE OF SCHOOLS.

BY

JOHN GUMMERE.

PHILADELPHIA:

PUBLISHED BY KIMBER & RICHARDSON, No. 237, MARKET STREET.

W. Brown, Printer, Church Alley.

1814

TA

545 .6.97

DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIĄ, TO WIT:

BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the first day of February, in the thirty-eighth year of the independence of the United States of Americ, A. D. 1814, Kimber and Richardson of the said district, have deposited in his office the Title of a book, the right whereof they claim as Proprietors, in the words following, to wit:

"A Treatise on Surveying, containing the Theory and Practice; to which is pre"fixed, a perspicuous System of Plane Trigonometry. The whole clearly de"monstrated, and illustrated by a large number of appropriate Examples. "Particularly adapted to the use of Schools. By John Gummere."

In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United States, intituled. “An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned "And also to the act, entitled, "An act supplementary to an act, entitled An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned,' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other prints'

D. CALDWELL,

Clerk of the District of Pennsylvania.

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PREFACE.

THE following compilation originated in the belief

that our schools are in want of a treatise on surveying, adapted to the methods practised in this country, and freed from the defects of the systems now in use. Notwithstanding the importance of the science, and the large number that make it an object of study, it is believed we are not in possession of a treatise on this subject, suited to the wants of the student. The works of Gibson and Jess are the only ones at present in general use; the former, though much the better of the two, is deficient in many respects. It may be suffi cient here, merely to advert to its want of examples, which renders it entirely unsuitable for a school book. From the latter, the student would in vain expect to become acquainted with the principles of the science, or the rationale of any of the rules, necessary in performing the various calculations.*

Each of these works has lately gone through a new edition, in which considerable additions are stated to have been made. On examination, however, it does not appear, that those additions are such as to supply the deficiences.

The additions made to Gibson, consist principally of some nautical prob. lems, quite foreign to a treatise on Surveying. Those made to Jess, consist of a few extracts from Gibson, in one of which the Pennsylvania method of calculation is introduced, as being quite different from that given by Jess; whereas it is well known to be the method given by that author, and

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