Praecipiti delata Noto. Locus Ardea quondam "Acrisione" = Danae. Heyne refers the 411.] Wagn. once referred 'praecipiti delata Noto' to Allecto. But it is much more natural to take it of Danae, who is represented as having landed in Italy by stress of weather ("noto compulsus" 1. 575). Virg. may have thought of Simonides' celebrated lines about Danae on the sea, though he apparently means her to have companions like Dido. Some of Pierius' MSS. read' Ardua,' so as to make a difference between the original and subsequent name of the city. But the point of the passage is that Ardea retains her ancient name but has lost her ancient glory. The city was desolate in the time of Virg., who is evidently speaking of his own day in saying 'nunc.' One legend was that the name came from a heron which flew out of the ashes when the town was sacked (Ov. M. 14. 574 foll.), and some have fancied that avis' here means a bird. 412.] It is difficult to decide between 'manet' (Verona fragm., Med. first reading, Gud.) restored by Heins., and 'tenet' (Med. second reading, Rom., Verona Schol.), recalled by Wagn. "Tenet nomen" 6. 235. quies" 2. 268. 415 420 Nigra' brings back the notion of midnight. 416.] Comp. v. 20 above. Ribbeck needlessly reads cultus' from a quotation in Arusianus p. 265. 417.] It is difficult to say whether 'obscenam' belongs to the brow of the Fury (12. 876 note), or to that of the old woman. In the latter case the epithet will be proleptic. 418.] The 'vitta,' or ribbon which confined the hair, is of course different from the chaplet of olive. The latter is sacerdotal, v. 751 below, 6. 808, G. 3. 21. 419.] Wagn. seems right in taking the words sacerdos anus Iunonis et templi,' and comparing 2. 319, "Panthus, arcis Phoebique sacerdos." 421.] Patiere-fusos (esse) et-transcribi." Fusos,' i. q. "effusos:" comp. G. 4. 492, "omnis effusus labor," the metaphor in each case being from the spilling of water, and for incassum fusos Lucr. 2. 1165 there referred to. 422.] Tua sceptra,' i. e. the sceptre he was to inherit with Lavinia. For the technical use of 'transcribere' see the Dictt. Here it merely means to assign. It is used 5. 750 in a different connexion, though a colony is the subject. The first reading of Gud. is transcribis:' see on v. 391. 423.] Quaesitas sanguine: it is implied v. 426 that Turnus had assisted Latinus in war against the Tyrrhenians. How this is to be reconciled with the long peace spoken of v. 46 does not appear: can scarcely suppose that Turnus fought the battles of the Latins without 414.] Mediam quietem' like "prima their help. In 8. 55 the Arcadians (who 413.] Fortuna' G. 4. 209 note. Fuit' 2. 325. We have had the words in a different sense 3. 16. we Abnegat, externusque in regnum quaeritur heres. 425 Laetus in arma para, et Phrygios, qui flumine pulchro 430 may be meant by the Tyrrhenians here, " 424.] 'In regnum' seems to go both with 'heres and with 'quaeritur.' 425.] On the vocative inrise' see 2. 283 note. For the sarcastic use of the imperative with nunc' comp. E. 1. 73 note. 'Ingratis,' thankless, 6. 213, E. 1. 35. 426.] Tege pace Latinos,' protect them with peace, i. e. give them peace by your protection. 427.] Adeo' here appears merely to give emphasis to 'haec' (comp. E. 4. 11 note) and connect it with what precedes' and this message,' &c. 'Iaceres,' of lying asleep, 3. 150. Placida' expresses here what is there expressed by "in somnis." Burm. mentions an ingenious conj. "iacerem." Cum iaceres' connected with 'fari,' and so marking not the time when Juno gave the commission, but the time when the commission was to be exercised. As elsewhere (see on 1. 355., 2. 296., 3. 151) there seems a confusion between a vision and a dream. In Hom. dreams in the form of living persons speak of themselves as sent by some god, in other words announce themselves as dreams, e. g. the 'Ovetpos in II. 2. 26, Iphthime Od. 4. 829: but here the supposed Calybe apparently wishes it to be thought that she has received a communication from Juno in her capacity as priestess. 428.] It is difficult to say whether palam' goes with 'fari' or with 'iussit.' The former would seem more natural, but there would be little force in the word. The latter would cohere with 'ipsa,' showing the clearness of the revelation, as manifestus' and evapy's are frequently used in a similar connexion; but in that case we should almost have expected some additional circumstance such as would be supplied by the conj. 'iacerem.' · 429.] Moveri in arma,' to march out to war. "Movebit in arma viros " 6. 813. The concurrence of armari' and 'in arma ' is one of the instances of want of finish in the later books of the poem. So quaesitas," "quaeritur" just above, vv. 423, 424. Peerlkamp conj. 'arva,' which Ribbeck adopts. Virg. was perhaps thinking of the "Oveipos Il. 2. 28, Owpîçaí σe kéλευσε καρηκομόωντας Αχαιοὺς Πανσυδίῃ. 66 430.] Wagn., Forb., and Gossrau couple 'laetus in arma.' But laetus' is constantly used in Virg. of the spirit with which a person is bidden to obey a command, v. 130 above, 3. 169 &c. 'Para' most MSS., including Rom., fragm. Vat. and Gud., ‘iube' Med. supported by a quotation by Serv. on 1. 35. Ribbeck adopts the latter, but it looks like a change to make the construction easier. Paro' is mostly used with inf. act.; we may comp. however a rare use of it with "ut" or "ne:" see Freund. Comp. also note on 1. 18. 431.] Considere' is a military term for taking up a position (see Freund): but it may here only mean to settle, as in 1. 572 &c. Duces exure' is a zeugma, the opposite to that in 4. 375. "Pictas carinas," 8.93. 432.] For caelestum vis magna' comp. 12. 199, "vim deum infernam iuro." Forb. makes magna' i. q. "res magnas," which is obviously worse. "Rex ipse Latinus" below v. 556., 11. 231. 433.] Dicto parere fatetur,' like 12. 568, "Ni frenum accipere et victi parere fatentur;" dicto parere' for obedience or submission being common in Virg., e. g. 1. 693., 3. 189 (comp. "dicto audire "). Heyne however understands 'dicto parere' Sentiat, et tandem Turnum experiatur in armis. Hic iuvenis, vatem inridens, sic orsa vicissim . Ne tantos mihi finge metus. Nec regia Iuno Sed te victa situ verique effeta senectus, as= "promisso stare," which is not impos- 434.] Wagn., Forb., &c. strike out the comma after 'sentiat,' but 'sentiet' is used absolutely in a threat Ter. Adelph. 1. 2. 59, "iste tuus ipse sentiet Posterius;" and we may comp. γνώσει τάχα Aesch. Ag. 1649, Táx' eloera Choeph. 305, and Conington's note on the latter passage. In support of the other punctuation however might be quoted II. 18. 268 foll., ei d'auue κιχήσεται ἐνθάδ ̓ ἐόντας Αὔριον ὁρμηθεὶς σὺν τεύχεσιν, εὖ νύ τις αὐτὸν Γνώσεται, which certainly bears a strong resemblance to this line. Comp. also ib. 125, yvoîev 8 ws on dnpòv èyà moλéμolo réτavμai, which will illustrate tandem,' as if Turnus had been too forbearing, though we are also meant to think of Latinus as finding at last an enemy in one from whom he had hitherto received kind offices. 435-444.] Turnus ridicules the admonition, and bids her confine herself to her temple-duties.' 435.]Orsa:' passive, 10. 632, here used strangely for "verba quae orsus est." Val. Fl. 5. 470 has the same use, doubtless imitating Virg. Vatem:' she is prophetess as well as priestess, and it is in her prophetic capacity that he ridicules her. 436.] Undam:' fragm. Vat., Med. &c., 'alveo Rom., supported by some other MSS. and a variant in Gud. Heins. restored the latter: but it seems to have been introduced from v. 303 above. Invectus' with acc. occurs 8. 714. Wagn. recalled 'undam,' and Ribbeck retains it. 'Unda' and 'undas' are also found. 437.] Nuntius' with an object clause 6. 456. It may here be news, not a messenger but see on 4. 237. Effugit' 435 440 like "fugit" G. 2. 265. It is common in 438.] Metus,' referring to v. 421–424. 'Mihi' is probably the dat. eth. "Regia Iuno" 4. 114., 10. 62. 440.] "Sed mihi tarda gelu saeclisque effeta senectus " &c. 8. 508. The connexion is Do not conjure up these fears: Juno will not suffer this to befall me: it is but the wandering of your dotage.' 'Situs' seems to denote all overgrowth or incrustation arising from long neglect, especially that on untilled fields (see on G. 1. 72); and here metaphorically the dulness which comes over the senses in an inactive old age. Ovid uses the word absolutely for old age M. 7. 302, "demptos Aesonis esse situs." Victa situ' is not unlike "pulvere victa " G. 1. 180. Veri effeta' like "steriles veri" Pers. 5. 75. So "veri vana" 10. 630. 'Effetus' is applied to exhausted land G. 1. 81; and is perhaps a metaphor of the same kind as 'situ.' But it may equally well refer to the exhaustion of the body in old age, Turnus telling her that she is enfeebled in mind as in body, in opposition to the common sentiment which contrasts the failure of bodily powers in the old with their increase in foresight. 441, 442.] "Exercita curis" 5. 779. Arma regum inter' among visions of warring kings. The words are not to be interpreted, as Forb. thinks, by what follows, "ergo in rebus quae regibus curandae sunt, non tibi." Ludit vatem,' deceives you as a prophetess, mocks your power of foresight. With the position of 'inter' comp. G. 2. 345. 443.] Effigies divom" 3. 148. Comp. the word "aedituus." 444.] Πόλεμος δ ̓ ἄνδρεσσι μελήσει, ΙΙ. 6. 492., 20. 137 (comp. 5. 428 foll.). This Talibus Allecto dictis exarsit in iras. At iuveni oranti subitus tremor occupat artus; Respice ad haec: adsum dirarum ab sede sororum ; Sic effata facem iuveni coniecit, et atro parallel seems to support 'gerent,' the reading of fragm. Vat., Rom., Gud. &c., retained by Heyne and Ribbeck. Heins. introduced 'gerant' from Med. and Schol. Veron., and is followed by Wagn. and Forb. 'Quis bella gerenda' is marked as spurious by Heyne after a suggestion of Heumann, but the words are found in all the MSS., though the somewhat inartificial substitution of bella' for 'bella pacemque' may perhaps show that the passage is not finished. Perhaps Virg. may have thought of a passage in Od. 21. 352, Tógov ἄνδρεσσι μελήσει Πᾶσι, μάλιστα δ ̓ ἐμοί· τοῦ γὰρ κράτος ἔστ' ἐνὶ οἴκῳ. 445-474.] Allecto, enraged, appears in her true form, and flings a torch at him. He wakes in frenzy and calls to arms. The Rutulians respond.' 446.] Oranti:' comp. 10. 96, "Talibus orabat Iuno." This use of the word (nearly i. q. "loqui") appears to be an archaism. See Plaut. Most. 3. 1. 152. The etymology is doubtless from "os," as Freund remarks. As usual, some MSS. have 'subito.' Heins. introduced 'subitos' from a correction in Mentel. pr., but this would not be in Virg.'s manner. "Tremor occupat artus" 11. 424. 447.] For the orthography Erinys' see 2. 337 note. Deriguere' 3. 260, 308. His eyeballs are stiffened in his head.' Comp. above v. 328. 448.] Allecto expands again into the gigantic stature of a Fury. Her size is dwelt on here, as in v. 329 her multiformity. Rom. has 'fumea,' which is possible, lumina' being understood of her torch, as in 6. 593. 449.] Cunctantem' should be taken closely with 'quaerentem,' and implies that 445 450 455 Turnus was in the attitude to speak. Comp. 10. 717, "partis cunctatur (aper) in omnis," and the use of μéλλnois for intention as well as delay. This agrees with 'reppulit.' The substance of the line has occurred 4. 390. 450.] She raises two of the serpents on her head, as it were horns. Ribbeck supposes that she turns them into a scourge, comp. Ov. M. 4. 495. There however the Fury is said expressly to pull off two serpents from her head and we might perhaps argue from the lines in Ov. immediately preceding that verbera insonuit need only refer to the rapid motion of the snakes on Allecto's head. 451.] Verbera,' i. e. "verbera flagelli," is a sort of cognate acc. to 'insonuit.' Comp. 5. 579, "insonuitque flagello." "Haec addidit ore" 2. 593. 454.]Haec,' the form and attributes of the Fury. An old poet in Cic. Tusc. 1. 16 has" Adsum atque advenio Acherunte❞ (inc. inc. fr. 78 Ribbeck). 'Dirarum :' see on v. 324. 456.] Iuveni coniecit' for "in iuvenem as in v. 346. The torch is of course as appropriate in the case of Turnus as the serpent in that of Amata. 457.] For atro lumine' comp. 4. 384 note, and for 'lumine fumantis' comp. v. 76. The torch, being preternatural, penetrates the breast without wounding, like the serpent. See on v. 349. In the imitation by Stat. Theb. 2. 94 foll., the spirit of Laius appears to Eteocles in the form of Tiresias, and ends by taking his true shape, exposing the death-wound in his throat, and sprinkling the sleeper with the blood, which however in the next line is called "vanus cruor." Olli somnum ingens rumpit pavor, ossaque et artus 458.] 'Ossa' is harsh, but it expresses the penetrating nature of the sweat, so that we need not conj. 'ora' with Heyne and Peerlkamp. For the same incident comp. 3. 175. Rupit,' Rom., which was the reading before Heins. Med. has 'perfudit,' which Wagn. restored. A case might be made out for either or for both; but as fragm. Vat. and Ribbeck's cursives seem to agree in the two presents, it is best to follow them. 459.] Proruptus' 1. 246. 460. Arma is a cogn. acc. with 'fremit.' "Fremit arma iuventus" 11. 453. "Arma requirunt " Enn. A. 6. fr. 10. Turnus looks for the sword at his bedhead, and for the rest of his arms in the house. Comp. 6. 523, "arma omnia tectis Emovet, et fidum capiti subduxerat ensem." 461.] Insania belli' seems to stand for "insana cupido belli" (comp. E. 10. 44), on the analogy of 'Apeiuavhs and similar words in Greek. Comp. "belli rabies" 8. 327. Insanire in aliquam' is found for to be madly in love with a person. 462.] 'Super,' to crown all ("insignem aliquam accessionem denotat," Wagn.). Turnus' natural sentiment seems to be distinguished, not very happily, from his preternatural fury for war. For a more successful picture of a mixture of feelings comp. 12. 666 foll. The following simile is a Virgilian amplification of three very homely lines in which Hom., Il. 21. 362 foll., describes the boiling of the Xanthus when attacked by Hephaestus. There is an effort throughout to raise the subject by dignified language- Magno sonore 'virgea flamma' 'aeni'-' -'latices''aquai'-'amnis.' Some touches also are taken from Lucr. 3. 294 foll., where the effect of anger is spoken of in metaphors borrowed from water and fire. 463.] Costis aeni,' ydστρηy тpíodos Od. 8. 437. Virgea flamma,' for "flammantes virgae," like "stuppea flamma "8. 460 465 694, for "flammans stuppa." Comp. Sophocles' revкáeve' “Hoaiσтov Ant. 123. Hence suggeritur.' "Undam aeni" G. 1. 296. 464.] "Exsultant vada" 3. 557. The MSS. are divided between 'aquai' (Med., Gud. originally ?) and 'aquae vis' (fragm. Vat., Rom., Gud. corrected). Serv. apparently says that Virg. wrote 'aquae vis,' and Tucca and Varius introduced the diaeresis : a gloss in the MS. known as the primus Moreti represents Tucca as having introduced aquae vis. Both are evidently old readings, and we must decide on internal grounds. Aquae vis' would involve the trajection of 'atque,' which is not in Virg.'s manner (see on E. 6. 38), so that Heins. and later editors seem right in reading aquai,' and supposing that it was changed to avoid the archaism and perhaps the separation of aquai-amnis.' The supposed third reading, 'aquae amnis,' seems to rest on a corruption in the text of Serv. For the position of " 'fumidus comp. that of " spumeus 2. 419., 11. 626. Fumidus' in fact goes closely with 'furit.' 465.] Fumus' of steam G. 2. 217. Aquai amnem' like "aquae rivum " E. 8.87. Amnis' of river water 12. 417. So'fontes' 2. 686. 466.] Vapor ater,' dense steam. "Nec capere irarum fluctus in pectore possunt Lucr. 3. 298. Trapp remarks on the effect produced by the number of short words, as if the line could not contain its component parts. 467.] Polluta pace' seems to refer to the breach of the peace by Turnus, not, as some have thought, to the breach of covenant charged by Turnus on Latinus. Turnus in fact invades Latium with an army, intending to make war on Latins and Trojans both (v. 470), though, as it happens, he finds the Latins willing to join him. Polluta:' see on 3. 61. |