Cui genus a proavis ingens, clarumque paternae Non pudet, o Rutuli, pro cunctis talibus unam Vix hostem, alterni si congrediamur, habemus. ὅμιλον, ΙΙ. 4. 86. A Camers, king of 225.] Genus a proavis ingens' like genus alto a sanguine divom " 5. 45, "genus ab Iove summo" 1. 380. 'Genus' is called ingens,' as "stirps" (6. 864) magna." 226.] Et ipse acerrimus armis' added after cui genus a proavis ingens' in a way not absolutely grammatical. The strongest instance of this kind of looseness of constr. in Virg. is 9. 593, "Cui Remulo cognomen erat, Turnique minorem Germanam nuper thalamo sociatus habebat." 227.]Haud nescia rerum probably means not ignorant how to deal with matters-knowing her task well:' comp. 5. 618 (note), "Ergo inter medias sese haud ignara nocendi Coniicit." Wagn., taking the words as 'not ignorant of the state of matters,' judges them otiose. 228.] Macrob., Sat. 6. 1, says that this line is from a verse of Furius Antias, "Rumoresque serunt varios et multa requirunt." Cerda quotes Soph. Electra 642, Μή... σπείρῃ ματαίαν βάξιν ἐς πᾶσαν πόλιν. 229.]Pro cunctis,' &c., to give one life for all and for such as we are. Talibus' is explained by the following line. 230.] Obiectare' 2. 751, G. 4. 217. 'Numerone,' &c., is it in numbers or in strength that they overmatch us?' 'Ac' Pal. (the 'c' in an erasure) for 'an.' 'Aequis' Pal., Gud., and some inferior copies, perhaps from v. 218. 231.] En, omnes,' &c., an answer to 'numerone aequi non sumus ?' These Trojans, Arcadians, and Etruscans are all they have.' Troes et Arcades,' Trojan and Arcadian exiles, and strangers to us, about whose friendship we need not be careful (Pierius). 232.] Fatales' Med. and Rom., and so 225 230 235 Ribbeck rightly: fatalis' Pal. and Gud. There is some difficulty in fatales,' and Heyne so far despaired of explaining it as to mark the line as spurious; Wagn., in his large edition, following him. The best explanation is that of Forb. and Jahn (2nd edition), that 'fatalis' is ironical: 'the bands that are in the hands of fate,' to their imagined profit and real destruction. The Etruscans (see 8. 499 foll.) were kept back from rising against Mezentius by oracles which told them to wait for foreign leaders: Juturna hints that these oracles would really prove false guides, just as Juno (10. 67) sneers at the prophecies in which Aeneas trusted: "Italiam petiit fatis auctoribus; esto: Cassandrae inpulsus furiis:" comp. Turnus' words 9. 133, “Nil me fatalia terrent, Si qua Phryges prae se iactant, responsa deorum: Sunt contra mea fata mihi." Fatales,' supported by the fates, as 11. 232, "Fatalem Aenean manifesto numine ferri." Serv. most strangely supposes fatales manus' to refer to the Trojans. Etruria in apposition to manus,' being equivalent to "Etrusci :" comp. “ Latio sequaci” for Latinis sequentibus 10. 365. Infensa Turno," because he shielded Mezentius (8. 492): she means that they point all their hatred against Turnus alone, whereas the quarrel is really a national one. 6 233.] They would have hardly enough to meet us, even if only every other man of us were to engage them. Virg. is thinking of II. 2. 123 foll. 234.] 'Aris' constructed with 'devovet:' comp. 11. 440 foll. Juturna represents Turnus as dying, in Roman phrase, "pro aris et focis," probably with a special reference to the new worship which Aeneas promises to introduce. 235.] Succedo,' as in G. 4. 227, “alto succedere caelo." So Lucr. 5. 1123, "Ad Nos, patria amissa, dominis parere superbis Iam magis atque magis, serpitque per agmina murmur; Qui sibi iam requiem pugnae rebusque salutem summum succedere honorem." With 'ad 236.] "Nos, patria incensa" 3. 325. 237.] Lentis' Gud. originally: 'lenti' is confirmed by Serv., who explains it as "otiosi," comparing E. 1. 4, “Tu, Tityre, lentus in umbra," &c. "Arvis considere" 4. 39, in a somewhat different sense. 'Armis' Med. and Gud., both originally. 238.] The more ordinary phrase would be "incendere" or "accendere animum:" Virg. uses sententia' because a definite feeling against the truce previously existed. 239.] Tum' Pal. and Gud. for 'iam: perhaps from v. 218. 240.] Ipsi et' Pal. originally. 241.] Ἐλπόμενοι παύσεσθαι δϊζυροῦ που Aéμolo, II. 3. 112 (Cerda). Requiem pugnae like "requies laborum" 3. 393. Rebus' their troubled circumstances. This and the two following lines, as Wagn. remarks, must refer exclusively to the Laurentians and Latins (see v. 218), whether they be taken as a separate sentence, or, as Heyne suggested, connected in construction with v. 240. For the general sense comp. 5. 767 foll. 242, 243.] "Arma velit " 7. 340. 'Precantur foedus infectum' constr. like "optaverit intactum Pallanta" 10. 503, 504. 'Iniquam' as in 10. 889, “pugna iniqua," of an ill-matched encounter. 244.] Comp. 2. 199 foll., which is generally similar. 'Aliud maius' goes by itself with adiungit,' et alto,' &c., being an explanatory continuation. Wagn. thinks it possible that Virg. may have written 240 245 ab alto,' though he prefers the present reading, as Juturna is not in heaven but on earth. 245. Praestantius' Rom., with two of Ribbeck's cursives: 'praesentius' is confirmed by Serv. "Quo non praesentius ullum" G. 2. 127. See on v. 152. 246.] Monstro' as in 2. 171, "Nec dubiis ea signa dedit Tritonia monstris." 247.] There are several cases of this kind of omen in Homer. See Il. 12. 200 foll., where, the Trojans being about to attack the ships, an eagle appears with a serpent in its talons, which it drops into the midst of the host. The omen is really a bad one, but is disregarded by Hector in spite of Polydamas' warning. In Od. 2. 147-156 two eagles appear fighting to the agora in Ithaca, the sign being explained favourably for Telemachus by Halitherses and for the suitors by Eurymachus. Comp. the scene in the house of Menelaus Od. 15. 160 foll., and the dream of Penelope about her geese and the eagle Od. 19. 537-553. A translation by Cicero of the passage in the twelfth Iliad is given in Cic. de Div. 1. 47. 106. Fulvus rubra' Med. Rubra aethra' is from Enn. Ann. 417, "Interea fax Occidit, Oceanumque rubra tractim obruit aethra," where it apparently = a red train of light. Rubra' is an exaggerated term as applied to the ordinary light of day. The words 'fulvus ales'. litoreas aves' are from Il. 15. 690 foll., 'AXX' “σT' ὀρνίθων πετεηνῶν αἰετὸς αἴθων Εθνος ἐφορμᾶται ποταμὸν πάρα βοσκομενάων, χηνῶν ἢ yepávwv † kúкvwv dovλixodeípwv. For 'Iovis ales' Pal. has 'acer (for sacer) ales' from 11. 721. 248.] Turba,' as of the hunted herd of Agminis aligeri: subito cum lapsus ad undas 6 stags 1. 191 note, suggesting the confusion of the birds, while agmen' in the next line suggests their previous order: see on 1. 393 foll., " Aspice bis senos laetantis agmine cycnos, Aetheria quos lapsa plaga Iovis ales aperto Turbabat caelo." 250.] "Excellentem,' magnum: sicut in exercitu magnus est Turnus" Serv. Inprobus,' rapacious: see on G. 1. 119. "Sublimem pedibus rapuit Iovis armiger uncis" 5. 255. 251.] Arrexere animos,' were excited to attention: see on 1. 579. 252.] 'Convertunt fugam' apparently they return from flight (literally, they turn their flight back): "convertere vias" 5. 582 note. So Serv. 'Clamore' = "cum clamore' as in 5. 207., 8. 216. Comp. πέτετο πνοιῇς ἀνέμοιο (= ἅμα πνοιῇς) Il. 12. 207. 255.] Defecit,' failed, fainted, as in v. 2 above. 256.] Virg. uses 'proiecit fluvio' for proiecit in fluvium," as he uses "undis spargere" 4. 600 for "in undas spargere." Whether fluvio' is dat. or abl. is doubtful on the analogy of "facem iuveni coniecit" 7. 456 (comp. ib. 347., 11. 194), and "rivoque fluenti. . . iace" E. 8. 101, the dat. seems most probable. 'Penitus,' far away: 'O d'ès a¡ôépa dîav dépon of the eagle Od. 19. 540. 257.] Augurium salutant' is imitated in two places by Silius: 2. 411., 15. 146 (Forb.). 258.] Expediunt manus' apparently = they make their hands ready for fight 250 255 260 Comp. Sallust Iug. 105, "Se quisque expedire, arma atque tela temptare." Serv. seems to take the words of a show of hands in favour of fighting: Cerda thinks they refer to prayer. "Expedito bracchio Alacer" Enn. Sat. 27, apparently of a parasite. It is remarkable that the augur leads the way in deception. 259.] Tolumnius means that he had often prayed for a favourable omen of some kind, and that his prayer is now fulfilled, this proving to be the thing he asked for. Erat' is then like the Greek ap' ; 'this was the thing all the while, though I did not know it at the time.' Comp. 2. 664 note. Quod saepe petivi' is a rhetorical exaggeration: Wagn. thinks that 'saepe' = "valde," like "terque quaterque" and similar expressions. 260.] Accipere omen' is the ordinary phrase for acknowledging and welcoming an omen: Livy 1. 7, Cic. de Div. 1. 46, &c. (Forc.) Whether however accipio deos' could stand as 'I welcome the divine sign' may perhaps be doubted: it is therefore perhaps better with Wagn. to take accipio' by itself. He comp. Öv. M. 7. 620, " Accipio, sintque ista precor felicia mentis Signa tuae." "Ut te Accipio adgnoscoque libens," says Evander to Aeneas 8. 155. Territat, invalidas ut aves, et litora vestra 265 Vi populat. Petet ille fugam, penitusque profundo Polydamas (I1. 12. 219 foll.) repeats the 262.] Et litora vestra,' &c., a demonstrative clause, as often added to develope a relative one: see on 5. 403, G. 2. 208. 263.] For 'vi' Med. has ut.' 'Vi populat:' comp. the line of Attius quoted on 1. 527, "Qui nostra per vim patria populavit bona." Profundo Vela dabit' like "pelagoque volans da vela patenti" G. 2. 41. "In altum Vela dabant" 1. 34. Profundo' on or over the deep. 264.] Unanimis' Med., ' unanimes' one of Ribbeck's cursives corrected, with some inferior copies and the MSS. of Eutychius: Med. (first reading) has ‘unanimem' in 4. 8. Unaanime' Pal., and originally Gud. Unanimi' Rom., 'unaanimi' Gud. corrected. Densate' Med., Pal., and Gud., 'densete' Rom., with two of Ribbeck's cursives and some inferior copies, supported by Serv. on 11. 650, and so Ribbeck, probably rightly: see on G. 1. 248. "Addensent acies" 10. 432. 265.] Raptum,' from 'rapit,' above v. 250. 'Pugna' with 'defendite.' 267.] The alliteration is remarkable: Virg. is thinking of the sounding line in which Hom. describes the flight of Pandarus'arrow: Λίγξε βιός, νευρὴ δὲ μέγ' ἴαχεν, ἆλτο δ ̓ ὀϊστὸς Οξυβελής, ΙΙ. 4. 125. Cornus: comp. G. 2. 447, “At myrtus validis hastilibus et bona bello Cornus." "Volat Itala cornus" 9. 698. 268.] Certa' like Horace's "Te metuende certa, Phoebe, sagitta" (1 Od. 12. 23). Simul-simul' as in 1. 513., 5. 675. The verb subst. is omitted as in 11. 633, "Tum vero et gemitus morientum, et sanguine in alto," &c. 270 269.] Cunei,' the rows of spectators: the metaphor, taken from a theatre, is developed more fully in 5. 288, 340, 664. .... 270, 271.] The structure of the sentence 'ut forte' followed below by horum unum' is the same as that of v. 488 below: "Uti laeva duo forte gerebat.... praefixa hastilia ferro, Horum unum dirigit." Ut forte' 5. 329: comp. ib. 388. With the circumlocution "pulcherrima fratrum corpora" comp. 9. 272, "Bis sex. . . lectissima matrum Corpora." So Enn. A. 97, "Ter quattor corpora sancta Avium." 273.] Horum unum' takes up the interrupted sentence: comp. II. 14. 410 foll., Χερμαδίῳ, τά ῥα πολλά, θοάων ἔχματα νηῶν, Πὰρ ποσὶ μαρναμένων ἐκυλίνδετο τῶν ἐν deípas &c. Med. (first reading) mediam' for 'medium:' and so some inferior MSS., reading also alvum.' 'Medium' used as a subst. as in 7. 59, 227, 563., 9. 230, &c. Teritur alvo,' presses against (is rubbed by) the stomach. Heyne less naturally takes alvo' as = 'on the stomach,' joining 'teritur' with "adstrictu fibulae" understood. Med. has 'auro' for 'alvo,' perhaps from a reminiscence of 5. 312, "Lato qua circumplectitur auro Balteus." Sutilis: the belt was probably made of leather and plated with metal: see Dict. A. Balteus. 274.] Laterim' Pal., corrected into lateri:' 'lateri' Gud. Virg. is thinking of Il. 4. 132 foll., where Athene, turning aside Pandarus's arrow from striking Menelaus full, tovvev, 801 (w□τîρos ¿xñes Xpúσelot ouvexov nal dinλóos HνTETO Oάρne. Lateri' in a locative sense (comp. Prop. 5. 7. 8, "lateri vestis adusta fuit ") would be tempting, supposing the authority in its favour were sufficiently decided. 275 Egregium forma iuvenem et fulgentibus armis, Sic omnis amor unus habet decernere ferro. Tempestas telorum, ac ferreus ingruit imber; Laterum' can hardly mean, as Heyne thinks, the edges of the belt: 'laterum iuncturas' probably the ribs: comp. 1. 122, where "laterum compages" is used for the ribs of a ship. Mordet,' clasps closely comp. Ov. M. 8. 318, "Rasilis huic summam mordebat fibula vestem " (Gossr.). "Qua fibula morsus Loricae crebro laxata revolverat ictu" Sil. 7. 624 (Cerda). Mr. Long inclines to think that laterum iuncturae' may mean the place where the 'fibula' may be said to join the sides of the man. 275.] Iuvenum' Rom. 276.] Transadigo' below v. 508, "Transadigit costas et cratis pectoris ensem." For the constr. "unum. . . transadigit costas" see on 10. 699. Extendit,' the reading of some inferior copies, is given by Gud. as a variant in the margin: doubtless from 5. 374. See note there. 277, 278.] Phalanx :' so seven brethren are called "stipata cohors" 10. 338. For the constr. fratres . . . pars' comp. E. 1. 65, "At nos hinc alii sitientis ibimus Afros, Pars Scythiam et rapidum Cretae veniemus Oaxen." See Madv. §215 a. Pars' sometimes comes to have an almost adverbial force: comp. Lucr. 2. 97-99, "Sed magis adsiduo varioque exercita motu Partim intervallis magnis confulta resultant, Pars etiam brevibus spatiis vexantur ab ictu." Tac. Hist. 1. 68, "Ipsi... vagi magna pars saucii aut palantes," &c. ... 279.] Caecique ruunt,' rush blindly against the Latins. Caecus' as in 2. 356 of hungry wolves: "Quos inproba ventris Exegit caecos rabies." 280.] Inundo' is used similarly by Sil. 15. 552, "Fulgentibus armis Poenus inundavit campos." 281.] Agyllini' must be those of the 285 subjects of Mezentius who had rebelled: for some of them had followed Lausus : comp. 7. 652 with 8. 479 foll. Pictis Arcades armis:' see the fragment of Bacchylides about the Mantineans quoted on 8.588. The Amazons (11. 660) have 'picta arma.' 282.] Decernere ferro' Enn. A. 136. For the construction of the inf. see on G. 1. 213. Pal. 283.] Diripuere aras" like “diripuere focos" 9. 75. The tense is perf., not aorist. They pull the altars in pieces to get fire-brands: comp. 5. 660, (matres) "Conclamant, rapiuntque focis penetralibus ignem: Pars spoliant aras, frondem ac virgulta facesque Coniiciunt." and Gud. originally have 'et' for 'it.' 'It caelo' can hardly here = 'it ad caelum' as in 5. 451 (note); if so, the words 'tempestas' and 'imber' in the next line would make a confusion of metaphor: 'caelo' must therefore = "per caelum," which also suits 'toto' better. Comp. G. 1. 474, "Armorum sonitum toto Germania caelo Audiit:" comp. 3. 515, &c. The words are perhaps from Lucr. 4. 168, "Cum fuerit liquidissima caeli Tempestas, per quam subito fit turbida foede.” 284.] "Hastati spargunt hastas, fit ferreus imber" Enn. (A. 287), quoted by Macrob. Sat. 6. 1. For 'ingruit' Med. a m. p. has 'ingravit.' 285.] Ferunt,' carry off with them. 'Crateras,' for libations: 'focos,' see on v. 118 above. These persons, like Latinus, seem to be retiring, not mixing in the battle. 286.] Pulsatos,' beaten and insulted. Referens' must be taken literally, taking back with him,' 'divos' being the images of the gods. See 2. 178, 'numenque reducant." Ruhkopf (fol |
