Hospitia. Et laevo pressit pede, talia fatus, cost him dear' meant perhaps, as Forb. thinks, as a reason for the preceding sentence: even as it is he will lose enough' &c.; but it makes as good sense if taken independently. Aeneia hospitia' different from "Iunonia hospitia" 1. 671, the hospitality which Juno gives: see on v. 396. 495, 496.] In Hom. the conqueror sets his foot on his fallen enemy in order to draw out his spear (Il. 5. 620 &c.): in one passage however, Il. 13. 618, we read & dè λὰξ ἐν στήθεσι βαίνων Τεύχεά τ' ἐξενάριξε καὶ εὐχόμενος ἔπος ηύδα, &c. Is this a mark of insult, such as the feeling of later Greece condemned (see the commentators on Soph. Aj. 1348), or merely done for the convenience of stripping off the spoils ? Inmania pondera baltei' would seem to show that Virg. here intended the latter. In 12.356 the foot is put on the neck that the weapon may be driven into the throat. Rapiens' &c.: comp. Il. 13. 527, πλŋkа PаewǹvНpraσe (Cerda): so above, vv. 449, 462. Inmania pondera' accounted for by 'multo auro " v. 499. 4 497, 498.] Inpressum nefas,' the scene of horror stamped upon it: the story of the Danaides. The construction 'caesa manus' after the acc. 'inpressumque nefas' is irregular. Comp. 7. 741, "Et quos maliferae despectant moenia Abellae, Teutonico ritu soliti torquere cateias:" ib. 785 foll. "Galea alta Chimaeram Sustinet... Tam magis illa fremens" &c. Such a transition of cases is not uncommon in Homer, e. g. Il. 10. 436 foll. Toû dǹ kaλλίστους ἵππους ἴδον ἠδὲ μεγίστους Λευκότεροι χιόνος, θείειν δ ̓ ἀνέμοισιν ὁμοῖοι. 499, 500.] Clonus Eurytides' (supported by all Ribbeck's MSS., though with some slight varieties of spelling) was restored for bonus Eurytion' (5. 541) by 495 500 505 Commelin and Heins. The specification 501, 502.] II. 17. 201, "A deîλ', ovdé tí τοι θάνατος καταθύμιος ἐστιν, "Ος δή τοι σxedóv čσTi: but the idea of 'servare modum is not in the spirit of Hom. so much as in that of the Greek tragedians. With the twofold construction after 'Nescia' comp. G. 1. 25 note. For the introduction of a reflection by the poet in the middle of a narrative see on 4. 65. 503, 504.] Perhaps suggested by the Homeric ἔσσεται ἦμαρ ὅταν ποτ ̓ ὀλώλῃ Ixos iph. Virg. prophesies himself what Hom. puts into the mouth of his dying warriors, e. g. Patroclus II. 16. 852 foll., Hector ib. 22. 358 foll. Magno cum optaverit' &c. a glance at Turnus' "haud illi stabunt Aeneia parvo Hospitia." The fut. perf. 'optaverit' (corresponding to the tense of oλway) implies that the wishing will be over and done with. With 'magno emptum' comp. 2. 104, "magno mercentur Atridae." "Intactum Pallanta'='Pallanta non tetigisse:' comp. "pulsi Turni gloria” v. 143 above. Ista as if Virg. were addressing Turnus: or perhaps as Wagn. Q. V. 19. 2 thinks, as if he were speaking to his readers: these spoils which you see.' Med. a m. p. has 'ipsa.' 505.] The rhythm is finely adapted to the sense: comp. that of 4. 667, "lamentis gemituque et femineo ululatu.' 506.] "At Lausum socii exanimem super arma ferebant" v. 841 below. O dolor atque decus magnum rediture parenti ! Nec iam fama mali tanti, sed certior auctor 507.] Comp. Martial 11. 13. 5 "Romani decus et dolor theatri" (Cerda). 'Decus rediture parenti,' like "decus addite divis" 8.301 (Germ.). Rom. has 'parentis.' Virg. addresses Pallas as he addresses Nisus and Euryalus, 9. 446 foll., expressing also the thoughts of the Arcadians: comp. 2. 29 note. The question whether he or they are speaking was raised as early as Serv. 508.] Comp. Ov. Fast. 2. 235, "Una dies Fabios ad bellum miserat omnes: Ad bellum missos perdidit una dies" (Forb.). The comm. also comp. Soph. Oed. R. 438, ἥδ ̓ ἡμέρα φύσει σε καὶ διαφθερεί. 509.] Comp. v. 245 above: "Ingentis Rutulae spectabit caedis acervos.' On 'tamen' see E. 10. 31 note. Vv. 509 531 are written by another hand in Pal. 510-605.] Aeneas, roused to fury by the death of Pallas, hurries to the relief of the distressed Arcadians, and slays a number of the enemy's warriors. The siege is thus raised at length, and the Trojans are released from their confinement in the camp.' 510.] Tam' Rom. for 'iam.' 'Auctor' as in Livy and Tacitus of an authority for a fact (Livy 4. 20 &c.). Ov. M. 11. 666, "non haec tibi nuntiat auctor Ambiguus" (Forb.). 511.] Tenui discrimine' &c. a descriptive abl.: comp. " utramque viam leti discrimine parvo" 3. 685. That his men are but a hair's breadth removed from death.' "Leti discrimina parva" of trenches 9. 143. 510 515 general expression: it is really only the Arcadians who are routed. Tempus succurrere' see on G. 1. 213. 513.] Metit:' comp. Hor. 4 Od. 14.31, Primosque et extremos metendo Stravit humum sine clade victor." So duáw Apoll. R. 3. 1188, 1382. Ferit' one of Ribbeck's cursives. 514.] 'Latum' agrees with limitem :' comp. "haec ego vasta dabo et lato te limite ducam" 9. 323: but the ambiguity is awkward and not usual in Virg. Limitem agit' marks a line where he slaughters, as a reaper does where he reaps. "Limite acto" Tac. Germ. 29 (Heyne). Comp. Homer's byμov éλaúvei Il. 11. 68. 515.] In ipsis oculis' before his very eyes. Пáνта таûт' év ŏμμaσiv Eur. Orestes 785 (775). 516, 517.] "Mensae quas advena adisti" v. 460 above. 'Primus' Rom. with some support from two of Ribbeck's cursives. 'Primas' is emphatic: Evander's was the first hospitality to the stranger. Tunc' marks the time as it would appear in Aeneas' thoughts at the moment. The words 'Sulmone creatos' seem to show that Sulmo' is here the name of a man, not of a town: so Ufens' in the next line must be not the river (7.802) but the man mentioned 7. 745. But the choice of the name in the context may have been suggested by Il. 21. 27, (woùs ÈK TOTAμOĴO δυώδεκα λέξατο κούρους. 518.] For the present educat' expressing the present effect of a past act comp. 8. 141, "(Maiam) Idem Atlas generat.' See note on E. 8. 45. The number four seems to have been a common one for sacrificial victims: see G. 4. 538, A. 6. 243. T Viventis rapit, inferias quos immolet umbris, Te precor, hanc animam serves gnatoque patrique. 519, 520.] " Quos mitteret umbris Inferias" 11. 81. Virg. in imitating Hom. imputes to Aeneas a barbarity which was regarded with horror in his own day: comp. the language in which Livy (7. 15) speaks of the sacrificing of Roman soldiers by the Tarquinians. The reference of umbris' is explained by the context: Aeneas could only think of one death. For the pl. of a single person's shade see on 5. 81 &c. Captivoque' &c.: for the construction comp. v. 243 note. Captivo sanguine' like "captiva vestis" 2. 765 note. "Caeso sparsurus sanguine flammas " 11. 82. 521.] The following lines are an adaptation from Hom.'s accounts of the death of Lycaon (Il. 21. 64 foll.), Adrastus (6.47 foll.), and Dolon (10. 378 foll.). Mago procul:' comp. v. 401 above " Ilo namque procul validam direxerat hastam.” “Infensam is given by Med. with one of Rib. beck's cursives, and by Gud. as a variant in the margin. Infestam' Pal., Rom., Gud., and so Macrob. 5. 2.16. Infensam' Heyne, and so Ribbeck, probably rightly. Virg. uses both epithets of weapons (see 9. 793., 10. 877), while in good prose this application seems to be confined to infestus' (Forc.): 'infensus' therefore, as the least common in such a context, would be more likely to be altered. But the words are constantly confounded. Contenderat' Pal. and Gud., and so Macrob. 1. 1. contenderet' Med. (the final 'e' struck out a m. s.), whence cum tenderet' in the edd. before Pierius: 'contorserat' Rom. Comp. 5. 520 (note), where there is the same variety. 522.] Med. first reading 'en:' then 'at' corrected into 'ac.' 'Ac' Gud. corrected, and another of Ribbeck's cursives. At' Pal., Rom., and Gud. originally. 'Ac' Ribbeck, against Heyne and Wagn. But 'at' gives the better sense. II. 21. 64 foll. 'O dé .... 520 525 οἱ σχεδὸν ἦλθε τεθηπώς, Γούνων ἅψασθαι μeμaws . Ητοι ὁ μὲν δόρυ μακρὸν ἀνέσχετο διος Αχιλλεύς, Οὐτάμεναι μεμαώς ὁ δ ̓ ὑπέδραμε καὶ λάβε γούνων Κύψας ἐγχείη δ ̓ ἄρ ̓ ὑπὲρ νώτου ἐνὶ γαίῃ Εστη, K.T.λ. 523, 524.] En' Med. a m. p. for 'et.' 'Per spes' for 'et spes' Gud. corrected, and so two other copies, besides the MSS. of Macrob. Sat. 3. 2. 16 and Donatus on Ter. Adelph. 2. 1. 28, who quote the line. Heins. introduced it as intrinsically better, comp. 6. 364, and so Heyne: but Wagn. rightly restored et spes.' For 'surgentis' Pal. has 'heredis'in an erasure, and so Gud., with 'surgentis' as a variant: a reminiscence of 4. 174, "Ascanium surgentem et spes heredis Iuli." 525.] Il. 6. 46, Ζώγρει, Ατρέος υἱέ, σὺ δ ̓ ἄξια δέξαι ἄποινα· Πολλὰ δ ̓ ἐν ἀφνειοῦ πατρὸς κειμήλια κεῖται Χαλκός τε χρυσός τε πολύκμητός τε σίδηρος, and so nearly Il. 10. 378. Gnatoque patrique' for my son and father: a continuation of the appeal in the former line: comp. 12. 932 foll. The words are used differently 4. 605., 6. 116. Aeneas answers him vv. 532, 534. Animam hanc' 3. 654. 526, 527.] "Defossum aurum "G. 2. 507. Celati' Med. originally. 'Facti' wrought: "argenti vis ingens facti signatique" Livy 26. 16: "argentum optume factum" Cic. Verr. 4. 18. 528, 529.] Non hic vertitur' does not turn on my life being taken. 'Hic' = "in hac re." "In dictatore verti spes civitatis" Livy 4. 31. Dabit' in the general sense of"faciet:" see Munro on Lucr. 2. 119., 4. 41. Dare discrimina' above v. 382: comp. v. 393. With the general sense Serv. comp. Lucan 3. 337, "Non pondera rerum, Non momenta sumus.” Dixerat. Aeneas contra cui talia reddit: Totus conlucens veste atque insignibus armis. 530 535 Quem congressus agit campo, lapsumque superstans 540 Immolat, ingentique umbra tegit; arma Serestus 531, 532.] Some inferior copies have 'magna' for 'multa:' a reminiscence of 9.265. Serv. says that 'parco' was used with acc. by Lucilius and Ennius: but no instance is to be found in their extant fragments. Forc. gives instances from Cato R. R. 58, "Oleas tempestivas, unde minimum olei fieri poterit, eas condito, parcito" (al. "et partito "), and Plaut. Curc. 3. 10, "Qui mature quaesivit pecuniam, Nisi eam mature parsit, mature esurit." The pl. 'gnatis' is rhetorical. Aeneas is answering 'gnatoque patrique' v. 525. In 'belli commercia' Virg. may have thought of Ennius' (A. 201) "cauponantes bellum," as perhaps also of karnλevew μáxny Aesch. Theb. 545, which Ennius misinterpreted. Tac. H. 3. 81 (quoted by Taubm.) alludes to Virg. "Vitellio rescriptum Sabini caede et incendio Capitolii dirempta belli commercia," where the word is used more vaguely of negotiations as opposed to hard fighting. 533.] 'Ista' those which you offer. 'Illa' Med. Iam tum,' even then, as long ago as that: see on 1. 18. Pallante perempto' defines the time indicated by 'tum.' 534, 535.] Magus had appealed to Aeneas' tenderness for Anchises and Iulus. Aeneas undertakes to interpret their feelings. "Hoc sentit, Moriar" Hor. 1 Ep. 16. 79. Comp. 2.552 foll. "Inplicuitque comam laeva, dextraque coruscum Extulit, ac lateri capulo tenus abdidit ensem." 536.] 'Oranti' Pal. originally, and one of Ribbeck's cursives: orantis' Med., Rom., Gud.: 'oranti' Ribbeck, against the balance of authority. Adplicat' drives home. "Quae vis inmanibus adplicat oris ?" 1. 616. Some MSS. (none of Ribbeck's) have 'abdidit' from 2. 553. 537.] Procul' = "procul est:" comp. "Ausoniae pars illa procul " 3. 479 (Wagn.). There is a son of Haemon (Maeon) in Homer (Il. 4. 394 foll.) who fought against Tydeus on the side of the Thebans. 538.] Sacro' Rom. The 'vitta' was the band which tied the 'infula' or wreath of wool (Dict. A. 'Infula'). "Lanea dum nivea circumdatur infula vitta" G. 3. 487. Sacra vitta' goes with 'infula' as abl. of quality, or 'vitta' may be abl. instr. “Vittis et sacra redimitus tempora lauro" 3. 81. 6 539.] Ribbeck reads 'insignibus albis' for 'insignibus armis' in deference to Serv.'s note: "insignibus armis:' Asper sic legit Probus vero insignibus albis' dicit legendum, ut albas vestis accipiamus quae sacerdotibus congruae sunt: sicut Statius dicit de Amphiarao." The passage in Statius is quoted in some copies of Serv. as Theb. 4. 217 but it is more probably Theb. 6. 323 foll. "Ipse habitu niveus: nivei dant colla iugales: Concolor est albis et cassis et infula cristis:" which certainly gives some support to Ribbeck. Comp. also Q. Curtius 4. 16. 27, "vates Aristander alba veste indutus" (at the battle of Arbela). See also Val. Fl. 1. 386, Sil. 4. 694. No important MS. gives 'albis:' but 'armis' in Pal. is by a second hand, the word given by the first hand being erased with the exception of the first and last letters (a..s'). The conjunction of an epithet with insigne' could be justified by "insigne superbum" 8. 683: comp. 2. 392., 7. 657., 12. 944. Wagn. Q. V. 16. 6 numbers this among the passages which the grammarians altered by conjecture: but he does not seem to know the passage in Statius. "Huic totum insignibus armis Agmen . . fulgebat" above v. 170. 540, 541.] He meets him, drives him over the plain, and fells him. Congressus' Lecta refert humeris, tibi, rex Gradive, tropaeum. ; Caeculus et veniens Marsorum montibus Umbro. 543, 544.] • Instaurat ' Med. originally: "fortasse recte " says Ribbeck. Instaurant acies' may be either taken with Wagn. as they renew the fight' (comp. "instaurata proelia' 2. 669, "instaurare bellum" Livy 37. 19) or (more simply with Serv. and Heyne) they repair or renew the ranks.' 'Caeculus '7. 678-680: Umbro' ib. 750-760: Virg. tells us there that Umbro was killed by Aeneas, though here, in the haste of the narrative, he says nothing about his death. 545, 546.] Dardanides contra furit' seems to be from 'Arpelons d' éтéρwbev Euhvie II. 1. 247. There is no other mention of this Anxur. As elsewhere, Virg. has given a man the name of a place. Aeneas strikes off his left arm and shield, so killing him (v. 549): then (v. 550) Tarquitus comes up. "Amissam laevam cum tegmine" Lucr. 3. 649. Orbis clipei' 2. 227. 547.] This line and the two following are parenthetical, ille' being Anxur. Rom. has 'illi' for 'ille' and 'bello' for 545 550 verbo.' Magna dicta" for boastful words occurs Val. F. 5. 600: comp. Id. 7. 557. "Magna loqui” in the same sense Tibull. 2. 6. 11, Ov. Trist. 5. 3. 29. Méya eineîv, μvbeîobai, &c. are common in Greek from Hom. downwards. So " magnae linguae” Hor. 4 Od. 6. 1 answers to μεγάλης yλwoons Soph. Ant. 127. Vim adfore verbo crediderat' seems not to mean 'he thought the boast would have effect,' but 'he thought his prowess would second his word.' που . .... 547, 548.] Caelo animum ferebat' constr. like "caelo capita alta ferentis" 3. 678. 666 Fortasse' h. 1. non est tows, sed .. locumque habet in gloriatione Π. 5. 472 sqq. Εκτορ, που δή τοι μένος οἴχεται ὁ πρὶν ἔχεσκες; Φῆς που άτερ λαῶν πόλιν ἐξέμεν, &c. Cf. etiam Soph. Oed. T. 355 Kal nov TOûTO PEúčeσðaι dokeîs;" Wagn. Add. Il. 16. 830, 838, 842. .... 550, 551.] "Pyrrhus Exsultat, telis et luce coruscus aena 2. 470. 'Silvicola' a compound used by Naevius and Attius according to Macrob. 6. 5. 9, who quotes from Naevius, "Silvicolae homines bellique inertes." Catull. 61 (63). 72 has “silvicultrix." "Quos fida crearat Una tot Arcadio coniunx Tyrrhena Gylippo" 12. 271. "Faune Nympharum fugientum amator" Hor. 3 Od. 18. 1. It matters little whether we suppose Faunus himself, the Italian Pan, to be meant, or one of the Fauni. The identification of the former with the father of Latinus is perhaps in favour of the latter. 552, 553.] "Non illi se quisquam impune tulisset Obvius armato 6. 879, whence Heins. conj. here "sese tulit." Wagn. well comp. Luer. 3. 1041, "Sponte sua leto caput obtulit obvius ipse :" so Virg. has "obvius occurrere" below v. 734., 11. 498. Comp. "sese avius abdidit" 11. 810. |