Horrendum sonuere; tremunt in vertice cristae Incipe, si qua animo virtus, et consere dextram ; 733.] The reading is not quite certain. Med. has clipeo-mittit,' corrected from 'mittet,' Rom. clipeo-mittunt,' Pal. 'clipei-mittunt,' which seems to have been the original reading of Gud. The last can hardly be right, as there could be no meaning in the plural. The second was read by Heins., mittunt' being understood as "mittunt se," which would be harsh. Wagn. recalled the first, which is supported by corrections in Gud. and by Ribbeck's other cursives. The subject of mittit' then is Turnus, who is said to send forth lightnings ("mittes fulmina" of Jupiter Hor. 1 Od. 12. 59) from or by means of his shield. Heyne wished to read 'clipeus-mittit,' Pierson 'clipeum,' as in v. 709. Fulgura,' the reading before Heins., is found in some of Ribbeck's MSS. "Fulminat Aeneas armis " 12. 654. 734.] Faciem invisam' 2. 601. mania membra:' comp. 7. 784. 735.] Adgnoscunt turbati' i. q. "adgnoscunt et turbantur," Wagn. 'In 736.] Emicat,' springs forth from the ranks. Mortis fraternae ira' like "ereptae virginis ira" 2. 413. 735 740 745 4. 104., G. 1. 31, in which latter place as here the mother-in-law is said to give the dowry. 739.] Castra inimica' above v. 315. 'Exire potestas' 3. 670: see on G. 1. 213. 740.] "Olli subridens" 1. 254. "Sedato respondit corde" 12. 18. 741.] Rom. and another have 'animi:' but animo' is confirmed by 1. 529, “non ea vis animo." Incipe' invites Pandarus to throw first. "Proelia conserimus" 2. 397. For "conserere manum" see Forc. 742.] With the general form of expression comp. 2. 547. "Alius Latio iam partus Achilles" 6. 89. 744.] "Summis adnixus viribus" 5. 226. 745.] Excepere aurae' is meant to prepare us for the spear being turned aside by the wind. The incident is from Il. 20. 438 foll., kal Toy' (Hector's lance) ̓Αθήνη Πνοιῇ ̓Αχιλλῆος πάλιν ἔτραπε kudaxíμolo, нка μára účaσa. Perhaps Virg. may have thought of Juno as the goddess of the air. The pointing after 'aurae' is as old as Serv. 750 Effugies; neque enim is teli nec volneris auctor. Et, si continuo victorem ea cura subisset, Rumpere claustra manu sociosque inmittere portis, Sed furor ardentem caedisque insana cupido Principio Phalerim et succiso poplite Gygen sword but the context explains it readily 748.] Is' is defined by the context: "non est is ut effugias." Pal. and Gud. have 'es.' "Teli auctorem v. 421. 749.] "Alte sublatum consurgit Turnus in ensem 12. 729: comp. 10. 797, and perhaps 11. 284. 750.] Mediam' with 'dividit:' comp. above v. 588. Μέσσην κακ κεφαλὴν ξίφει ἤλασε κωπήεντι 11. 20. 475. 760 765 760.] Gud. has a variant inmensa,' doubtless from 6. 823, and others, including one of Ribbeck's cursives, give ‘infanda.' Virg. probably thought of Il. 5. 676, τῷ ῥα κατὰ πληθὺν Λυκίων τράπε θυμὸν 'A0ývn. 761.] For adversos' we might have expected 'aversos:' but the MSS. seem to have no variety. Adversos' is doubtless to be taken loosely, those on the opposite side, whether fighting or flying. 'In adversos' occurs again 10. 412., 11. 389. 762.] Succiso poplite' expresses the way in which Turnus catches Gyges. 763.] Excipit' of catching in pursuit 11. 684, probably with a notion of doing it unexpectedly to the victim. This seems to suit the context better than Heyne's "excipit in se irruentem." Hinc,' from the bodies of Phalaris and Gyges: comp. Od. 22. 271, τοὶ δ ̓ ἄρ ̓ ἐπήϊξαν, νεκύων δ' ἐξ ἔγχε ̓ ἕλοντο. So II. 13. 260 foll., δούρατα τὰ κταμένων ἀποαίνυμαι. See 10. 342. Raptas fugientibus ingerit hastas" 12. 330. 764.] In tergum' a sort of epexegesis of fugientibus.' Rom. and originally Pal. have 'tergus,' which Heins. restored and Heyne and Ribbeck retain, and so Charisius read p. 54. "Animum virisque addidit" above, v. 717. Faces animumque ministrat ” 5. 640. 765.] Comitem' to those already killed. 'Confixa Phegea parma' like "succiso Ignaros deinde in muris Martemque cientis Alcandrumque Haliumque Noemonaque Prytanimque. poplite Gygen" v. 762. Pal. corrected, 766.] They were standing on the rampart and attacking those without, not knowing that Turnus was within. 767.] Verbally from Il. 5. 678, where the persons are Lycians slain by Ulysses. Ov. also reproduces the line M. 13. 258, where Ulysses boasts of his exploits. 768.] Tendentem contra' v. 795 below, as distinguished from the rest, who were either flying or unconscious of his pre 770.] Ribbeck reads 'desectum' from the original text of Gud., which would be neater, especially as 'iacuit' follows: but the authority is hardly sufficient. In Rom. the second, third, and fourth letters of the word seem to be obliterated. Deiectum' too is confirmed by Il. 20. 482, ὁ δὲ φασγάνῳ αὐχένα θείνας Τῆλ ̓ αὐτῇ whλnki kápη Báλe: comp. ib. 14. 497. In Sil. 13. 246, which is an imitation of the present passage, Heins. conj. "de 770 775 The Pal. the first letter is in an erasure. inferior MSS. present considerable variety, whence Bentley wished to read "tingere.' For the anointing of arrows with poison comp. Od. 1. 261 foll., where it is mentioned as a thing of doubtful morality. It does not appear in the Iliad. 'Manu' is pleonastic. "Calamos armare veneno 10. 140. 774.] "Musis amicus" Hor. 1 Od. 26. 1. τὸν πέρι Μοῦσα φίλησε Od. 8. 63. There is tenderness in Virg.'s repetition of the name. 775.] Perhaps from Hom. Hymn 32. (to the Moon) 18 foll., Kλéα WTWV Αἴσομαι ἡμιθέων, ὧν κλείουσ ̓ ἔργματ ̓ ἀοιδοὶ Movoάwv lepánovтes and σтоμάτwv époévComp. Aristoph. Birds 909. 776.] Cordi' above v. 615. Numeros intendere nervis' is one of Virg.'s usual efforts after variety. Intendere nervos would be the common expression for stringing a lyre: so he chooses to represent the notes as strung on the chords. 6 777.] 'Equos' probably of horses as used in war. Race-horses are among the stock subjects of lyric poetry (Hor. 4 Od. 2. 18, A. P. 84); but we must not gratuitously charge Virg. with an anachronism. 'Arma virum' 1. 119. The juxtaposition of the words is doubtless meant to remind us of Virg.'s own poem. 778-818.] Mnestheus and Serestus rally the Trojans, who press upon Turnus. At last he leaps into the Tiber, swims to shore, and rejoins his army.' 778.] "Post multa tuorum funera " 2. 283. 779.] "Mnestheus acerque Serestus" above v. 171. Teucri' adj. 2. 747. Palantisque vident socios hostemque receptum. 780. 785 Et Mnestheus: Quo deinde fugam, quo tenditis? inquit. 780.] Receptum' v. 727 above. 781. Quo deinde ruis? quo proripis? inquit" 5. 741 note. 'Tendere fugam' like "tendere iter" &c. 782.] From Il. 15. 735 foll., where Ajax, who in other respects answers to Turnus here, reminds the Greeks that they have nothing but the wall to trust to. If we are to distinguish between 'muros' and moenia' here (see on 2. 234), we may say that in muros' he is thinking of the defences, in 'moenia' of the campsettlement as a city. Pal., Gud. originally, and another of Ribbeck's cursives have 'quaeve' for 'quae iam,' and another MS., the "alter Moreti," has 'altera' for 'ultra,' an ingenious variation. 783.] Observe the care taken by Virg. to avoid lengthening the last syllable of 'homo.' 'Cives' appeals to their interest in their camp-city. 784.] With this and the next line comp. vv. 526, 527 above. Per campos edebat funera" 10. 602. 785.] For ediderit,' 'miserit' see on 2. 581. Here there is no fut. ind. coupled with the so-called future perfect; but the thought which it would have expressed is conveyed by inpune, the words being equivalent to "inpunitus erit qui edidit, misit." "Iuvenum primi" 8. 105. Virg. doubtless thought of Il. 1. 4. 786.] They are called upon to compassionate their gods, who will fall into the hands of the enemy if the city is taken. Gud. has an unmeaning variant 'malorum,' doubtless from 11. 280, a MS. 790 795 790.] Dextera cingitur amni," v. 469 above. Some MSS., including two of Ribbeck's cursives, have 'amni' here.. Heins. restored it as more elegant: but Wagn. rightly replies that it is far from elegant in combination with fluvio,' even if its authority were greater. 791.] "Hoc acrius" G. 4. 248. 792. "Glomerare manum 2. 315. 793.1 Cum' may be either preposition or conjunction: but on the whole the latter seems more likely. "Telis premit " 8. 249. "Territus,' which Peerlkamp questions, is supported by Il. 11. 554, τάς τε τρεῖ ἐσσύμενός περ. 794.] "Asper, acerba tuens" Lucr. 5. 33. No instance is quoted of 'redeo' in the sense of retiring; but it is consistent with the etymology of the word, and Virg. doubtless thought that the addition of 'retro' would explain it sufficiently. 795.] Tendere contra' v. 768 above. Ille quidem hoc cupiens, potis est per tela virosque. Bis confusa fuga per muros agmina vertit; 800 Sed manus e castris propere coit omnis in unum, Nec contra viris audet Saturnia Iuno Sufficere; aeriam caelo nam Iuppiter Irim 796.] "Ille quidem hoc sperans" 10. 801.1" Coit omnis in unum " 10. 410. 802.1 "Viris sufficit" 2. 618. Comp. v. 764 above. 804.] "Haud mollia iussa" G. 3. 41: comp. 11. 452, 728. With iussa, ni, which implies a threat, Gossrau comp. Hor. 1 Od. 10. 9, "Te boves olim nisi reddidisses. . . minaci Voce dum terret." 805.] Jupiter willed that Turnus should retire, and threatens Juno should she prevent the Trojans from forcing him to do so. 806.] This part of the description is imitated from Il. 16. 102 foll., also of Ajax. Ennius had previously imitated it in a passage about a tribune in the His 805 810 trian war, preserved by Macrob. Sat. 6. 3 807.] "Undique conveniunt velut imber 808.] δεινὴν δὲ περὶ κροτάφοισι φαεινὴ hλng Baλλoμévn kavaxǹv exe Il. 16. 1. c. 'Cava' with 'tempora' above v. 633. The epithet here seems to denote the dizzying and stunning effect of the blows on the ringing metal. 809.] Solida aera' probably refers to the helmet, as the context seems to show. Comp. II. 12. 160, κópules d'ǎμp' avov αΰτευν Βαλλόμεναι μυλάκεσσι. 810.] With nec sufficit umbo' Cerda comp. Il. 13. 397, oud' ρкeσe Owρnk. 811.] Ingeminant hastis' like "in- 812.] Mnestheus is called 'fulmineus' as |