Bull, John.—A well-known collective name of the English nation, first used in Arbuthnot's satire, "The History of JOHN BULL,' usually published in Swift's works. In this satire, the French are designated as Lewis Baboon, the Dutch as Nicholas Frog, etc. The "History of John Bull" was designed to ridicule the Duke of Marlborough.

"One would think that, in personifying itself, a nation would be apt to picture something grand, heroic, and imposing; but it is characteristic of the peculiar humour of the English, and of their love for what is blunt, comic, and familiar, that they have embodied their national oddities in the figure of a sturdy, corpulent old fellow, with a three-cornered hat, red waistcoat, leather breeches, and stout baken cudgel. Thus they have taken a singular delight in exhibiting their most private foibles in a laughable point of view, and have been so successful in their delineation that there is scarcely a being in actual existence more absolutely present to the public mind than that eccentric personage, JOHN BULL."-W. IRVING.

Bumper. When the English were good Catholics, they usually drank the Pope's health in a full glass every day after dinner-au bon père: whence BUMPER.-COCCHI.

Butterfly. I'd be a BUTTERFLY; living a rover,

Dying when fair things are fading away.-T. H. BAYLEY.

C.

Cabal, The. A name given in English history to a famous cabinet council formed in 1670, and composed of five unpopular ministers of Charles II., namely, Lords Clifford, Ashley, Buckingham, Arlington, and Lauderdale. The word 66 CABAL "-at that time

in common use to denote a junto or set of men united for political purposes-having been popularly applied to this ministry as a term of reproach, it was soon discovered to be a sort of anagram made up of the initials of the names of the several members.

Cadmean Victory, A.-Greek Proverb. A CADMEAN VICTORY Was one in which the victors suffered as much as their enemies.

Cæsar. But yesterday, the word of CÆSAR might
Have stood against the world: now lies he there,

And none so poor to do him reverence.

SHAKESPERE, Julius Cæsar.

CÆSAR had his Brutus-Charles the First, his Cromwell-and George the Third-("Treason!" cried the Speaker)-may profit by their example. If this be treason, make the most of it.

P. HENRY.

Cæsar. Conjure with them,

Brutus will start a spirit as soon as CÆSAR.
Now, in the names of all the gods at once,
Upon what meat doth this our Cæsar feed,
That he is grown so great? Age, thou art sham'd
Rome, thou hast lost the breed of noble bloods.

SHAKESPERE, Julius Cæsar.

Imperial CESAR, dead, and turned to clay,

Might stop a hole to keep the wind away.—Ibid., Hamlet.

Not that I loved CESAR less, but that I loved Rome more.

Ibid., Julius Cæsar.

Cake-Would'st thou both eat thy CAKES and have it?

Cakes and Ale.-Sir To.

G. HERBERT, The Size.

Dost thou think, because thou art

virtuous, there shall be no more CAKES AND ALE?

Clo. Yes, by Saint Anne; and ginger shall be hot i' the mouth too. —SHAKESPERE, Twelfth Night.

Calamity.-CALAMITY is man's true touchstone.

BEAUMONT AND FLETCHER.

Times of general CALAMITY and confusion have ever been productive of the greatest minds. The purest ore is produced from the hottest furnace, and the brightest thunderbolt from the darkest storm.-COLTON, Lacon.

Caledonia.-O CALEDONIA! stern and wild,

Meet nurse for a poetic child!

Land of brown heath and shaggy wood;
Land of the mountain and the flood.

SCOTT, Last Minstrel.

Calendar Rhyming.-Junius, Aprilis, Septénq; Nouemq; tricenos, Vnum plus reliqui, Februs tenet octo vicenos,

At si bissextus fuerit superadditur vnus.

Thirty dayes hath Nouember,

Aprill, June, and September,

February hath xxviii alone,

HOLINSHED'S Chronicles, 1577,

And all the rest have xxxi.-GRAFTON's Chronicles, 1590.

Thirty days hath September,

April, June, and November,

February eight-and-twenty all alone,
And all the rest have thirty-one;
Unless that leap-year doth combine,
And give to February twenty-nine.

Return from Parnassus.

Calm.-Ne'er saw I, never felt, a CALM so deep!

The river glideth at his own sweet will;
Dear God! the very houses seem asleep;
And all that mighty heart is lying still!

WORDSWORTH, Sonnets.

CALM is the morn without a sound,

Calm as to suit a calmer grief.-TENNYSON, In Memoriam. Calumny.-Be thou as chaste as ice, as pure as snow, thou shalt not escape CALUMNY.-SHAKESPERE, Hamlet.

Candour.-CANDOUR is the brightest gem of criticism.-DISRAELI. Capulets. I would rather sleep in the southern corner of a little country churchyard than in the tomb of the CAPULETS.-EDMUND BURKE.

Care. And is there CARE in Heaven ?--SPENSER, Faerie Queene.

CARE keeps his watch in every old man's eye.

SHAKESPERE, Romeo and Juliet.

CARE'S an enemy to life.-Ibid., Twelfth Night.
CARE to our coffin adds a nail, no doubt,

And every grin, so merry, draws one out.-Dr. WOLCOT.
Cast all your CARE on God: that anchor holds.

TENNYSON, Enoch Arden.

Hang sorrow! CARE will kill a cat,
And therefore let's be merry.-G. WITHER.

I am sure CARE's an enemy to life.

SHAKESPERE, Twelfth Night.

Cares. And the night shall be filled with music,
And the CARES that infest the day
Shall fold their tents like the Arabs,
And as silently steal away.

66

LONGFELLOW, The Day is Done.

Castles.-CASTLES in the air cost a vast deal to keep up.-LYTTON. Catching a Tartar.-Encountering an opponent of unexpected strength. In a battle, an Irishman (according to Captain Grose) called out to his officer, I have caught a Tartar. Bring him here, then," was the reply. "He won't let me," rejoined Pat. And as the Turk carried off his captor, the saying passed into a proverb. Censure.-CENSURE is the tax a man pays to the public for being eminent.-SWIFT.

The villain's CENSURE is extorted praise.-POPE.

Cerberus.-You are not like CERBERUS, three gentlemen at once, are you? (Mrs. Malaprop.)—SHERIDAN, The Rivals.

Chance. And grasps the skirts of happy CHANCE,
And breasts the blows of circumstance.

Change. All is CHANGE, woe or weal;

Joy is sorrow's brother;

Grief and gladness steal

Symbols of each other:

TENNYSON, In Memoriam.

Ah! welaway!—Ibid., Poems, 1830.

CHANGE amuses the mind, yet scarcely profits.-GOETHE.
CHANGE still doth reign, and keep the greater sway.--SPENSER.

Some force whole regions, in despite

O' Geography, to CHANGE their site;

Make former times shake hands with latter,

And that which was before, come after;

But those that write in rhyme still make
The one verse for the other's sake;

For one for sense, and one for rhyme,

I think's sufficient at one time.—BUTLER, Hudibras. Character-CHARACTER gives splendour to youth, and awe to wrinkled skin and grey hairs.-EMERSON.

Characters.-CHARACTERS never change. Opinions alter,-characters are only developed.-DISRAELI.

Charge." CHARGE, Chester, charge! on, Stanley, on!"
Were the last words of Marmion. -SCOTT, Marmion.
Charity. Gently to hear, kindly to judge.-SHAKESPERE.

CHARITY shall cover the multitude of sins.-1 Peter, iv. 8.
He hath a tear for pity, and a hand

Open as day for melting CHARITY.-SHAKESPERE, Henry IV.
Then gently scan your brother man,

Still gentler, sister woman;

Though they may gang a kennin' wrang,

To step aside is human.-BURNS, Address to the Unco' Guid.

Charm. To me more dear, congenial to my heart,

One native CHARM, than all the gloss of art.

GOLDSMITH, Deserted Village.

Chastity. So dear to heaven is saintly CHASTITY,

That, when a soul is found sincerely so,

A thousand liveried angels lacky her,

Driving far off each thing of sin and guilt.-MILTON, Comus.

'Tis CHASTITY, my brother, chastity:

She that has that is clad in complete steel.-Ibid.

Chatterton. I thought of CHATTERTON, the marvellous Boy,
The sleepless Soul that perished in his pride.

WORDSWORTH, Resolution and Independence

Chaucer.-Dan CHAUCER, well of English undefyled,
On Fame's eternal beadroll worthie to be fyled.

Cheated. Doubtless the pleasure is as great

SPENSER, Faerie Queer

Of being CHEATED, as to cheat.-BUTLER, Hudibras.

Cherry Ripe.-CHERRY RIPE, ripe, ripe, I cry,
Full and fair ones,-come and buy;

If so be you ask me where

They do grow, I answer, there,

Where my Julia's lips do smile,

There's the land, or cherry-isle.-HERRICK, Cherry Ripe.

There is a garden in her face,

Where roses and white lilies grow;

A heavenly paradise is that place,
Wherein all pleasant fruits do grow:
There cherries grow that none may buy
Till CHERRY RIPE themselves do cry.

RICHARD ALLISON, 1606.

Cherub.-There's a sweet little CHERUB that sits up aloft,
To keep watch for the life of poor Jack.-C. DIBDIN.
Chickens. To swallow gudgeons ere they're catched,
And count their CHICKENS ere they're hatched.

Child.

A simple CHILD,

That lightly draws its breath,

And feels its life in every limb,

BUTLER, Hudibras.

What should it know of death ?-WORDSWORTH, We are Seven.

Behold the CHILD, by nature's kindly law,

Pleas'd with a rattle, tickled with a straw:

Some livelier plaything gives his youth delight,

A little louder, but as empty quite;
Scarfs, garters, gold, amuse his riper stage,
And beads and prayer-books are the toys of age,
Pleas'd with this bauble still, as that before,
Till tir'd he sleeps, and life's poor play is o'er.

POPE, Essay on Man.

By sports like these are all their cares beguil'd;
The sports of children satisfy the CHILD.

GOLDSMITH, Traveller.

How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is

To have a thankless CHILD !--SHAKESPERE, King Lear.

Childhood.-The CHILDHOOD shows the man

As morning shows the day.--MILTON, Paradise Regained.