BY THE SAME AUTHOR. ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION; or, THE PRESEervation of Favored Races IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE. New and revised edition, with Additions. 12mo. Cloth, $2.00. DESCENT OF MAN, AND SELECTION IN RELATION TO SEX. With many Illustrations. A new edition. 12mo. Cloth, $3.00. JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES INTO THE NATURAL HISTORY AND GEOLOGY OF THE COUNTRIES VISITED DURING THE VOYAGE OF H. M. S. BEAGLE ROUND THE WORLD. A new edition. 12mo. Cloth, $2.00. EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIONS OF MAN AND THE LOWER ANIMALS. 12mo. Cloth, $3.50. THE VARIATIONS OF ANIMALS AND PLANTS UNDER DOMESTICATION. With a Preface, by Professor ASA GRAY. 2 vols. Illus trated. Cloth, $5.00. INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS. 12mo. Cloth, $2.00. MOVEMENTS AND HABITS OF CLIMBING PLANTS. With Illustrations. 12mo. Cloth, $1.25. THE VARIOUS CONTRIVANCES BY WHICH ORCHIDS ARE FERTILIZED BY INSECTS. Revised edition, with Illustrations. 12mo. Cloth, $1.75. THE EFFECTS OF CROSS AND SELF FERTILIZATION IN THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM. 12m0. Cloth, $2.00. DIFFERENT FORMS OF FLOWERS ON PLANTS OF THE THE POWER OF MOVEMENT IN PLANTS. BY CHARles Dar- 12mo. THE FORMATION OF VEGETABLE MOULD, THROUGH THE ACTION OF WORMS. With Observations on their Habits. With Iltrations. 12mo. Cloth, $1.50. For sale by all booksellers; or sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price. New York: D. APPLETON & CO., 1, 3, & 5 Bond Street. ON THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION, OR THE PRESERVATION OF FAVORED RACES IN THE STRUGGLE BY CHARLES DARWIN, M. A., F. R. S., 66 AUTHOR OF JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES DURING H. M. 8. BEAGLE'S VOYAGE ROUND NEW EDITION, FROM THE SIXTH ENGLISH EDITION, WITH ADDITIONS NEW YORK: D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 1884. HARVARD "But with regard to the material world, we can at least go so far as this-we can perceive that events are brought about not by insulated interpositions of Divine power, exerted in each particular case, but by the establishment of general laws." WHEWELL: Bridgewater Treatise. "The only distinct meaning of the word 'natural' is stated, fixed, or settled; since what is natural as much requires and presupposes an intelligent agent to render it so, i. e., to effect it continually or at stated times, as what is supernatural or miraculous does to effect it for once." BUTLER: Analogy of Revealed Religion. "To conclude, therefore, let no man out of a weak conceit of sobriety, or an ill-applied moderation, think or maintain, that a man can search too far or be too well studied in the book of God's word, or in the book of God's works; divinity or philosophy; but rather let men endeavour an endless progress or proficience in both." BACON: Advancement of Learning. Down, Beckenham, Kent, First Edition, November 24th, 1859. Sixth Edition, Jan. 1872. Causes of Variability-Effects of Habit and the use or disuse of Parts Correlated Variation — Inheritance-Character of Domestic Varieties - Difficulty of distinguishing between Varieties and Species-Origin of Domestic Varieties from one or more Species-Domestic Pigeons, their Differences and Origin - Principles of Selection, anciently fol- lowed, their Effects - Methodical and Unconscious Selection - Un- known Origin of our Domestic Productions- Circumstances favour- Variability Individual differences-Doubtful species- Wide ranging, much diffused, and common species, vary most-Species of the larger genera in each country vary more frequently than the species of the smaller genera-Many of the species of the larger genera resemble varieties in being very closely, but unequally, related to each other, Its bearing on natural selection The term used in a wide sense-Geome- trical ratio of increase Rapid increase of naturalised animals and plants Nature of the checks to increase- Competition universal-- Effects of climate- Protection from the number of individuals— Complex relations of all animals and plants throughout nature- Struggle for life most severe between individuals and varieties of the same species: often severe between species of the same genus-The relation of organism to organism the most important of all rela |