Ut legat historias, auctores noverit omnes

Tanquam ungues digitosque suos, ut forte rogatus,
Dum petit aut thermas aut Phœbi balnea, dicat
Nutricem Anchisæ, nomen patriamque noverca

231. hist.] nec historias sciat omnes, vi. 451. Tales, whether legendary or historical. Summum grammaticum, optimum poetam, Omnes solvere posse quæstiones, Unum difficile expedire nomen, Suet. Gr. 11: quem [Corn. Alexandrum grammaticum] propter antiquitatis notitiam Polyhistorem multi, quidam Historiam vocabant, ib. 20: Poterat jam perfecta esse grammatica, sed quia ipso nomine profiteri se litteras clamat, unde etiam Latine litteratura dicitur, factum est ut quidquid dignum memoria litteris mandaretur, ad eam necessario pertineret:.... huic disciplinæ accessit historia, non tam ipsis historicis quam grammaticis laboriosa, Augustin. de Ord. ii. 12 § 37: Quintil. i. 2 § 14: Ambo loqui faciles, ambo omnia carmina docti, Callentes mython plasmata, et historiam, Auson. Prof. 21. 25, 26.

231. Grammaticus circa curam sermonis versatur, et, si latius evagari vult, circa historias. Jam ut longissime fines suos proferat, circa carmina. Quid horum ad virtutem viam sternit? Syllabarum enarratio, et verborum diligentia, et fabularum memoria, et versuum lex ac modificatio? Sen. Ep. 88 § 2 sq.: Quintil. i. 8 § 18 sq. (the chapter ends with the words: mihi inter virtutes grammatici habebitur, aliqua nescire) : partes duæ, quas hæc professio pollicetur, id est, ratio loquendi et enarratio auctorum; quarum illam

methodicen, hanc historicen vocant, ib. 9 § 1: ib. i. 2 § 14.

omn.] To be taken both with histor. and auct.

232. Tang. &c.] i. 7 n. 233. therm.] Hot water and vapour baths, Dict. Ant. 193 b.

Phoeb.] Probably a balneator of the day, supr. 4 n. See the Schol. (Privatæ balneæ, quæ Daphnes appellantur).

234. Nutr.] Tisiphonen, Schol, Anch.] The father of Æneas.

On such questions, "quæ erant dediscenda, si scires," e. g. "de Æneæ matre vera" (Sen. Ep. 88 § 32 sq.) cf. ib. § 5 sq., 108 § 30, de Brev. Vit. 13 § 2 sq., Stob. Flor. iv. 54, Gell. xiv. 6, xx. 7, Quintil. i. 8 § 18 sq., Auson. Prof. xxi. 25 sq., xxii: Maxime tamen curavit notitiam historiæ fabularis, usque ad ineptias atque derisum. Nam et grammaticos, quod genus hominum præcipue, ut diximus, appetebat, ejusmodi fere quæstionibus experiebatur. Quæ mater Hecuba? Quod Achilli nomen inter virgines fuisset? Quid Sirenes cantare sint solita? Suet. Tib. 70 ib. 56: nostros familiares graviter miserari soleo, qui si non responderint, quid vocata sit mater Euryali, accusantur inscitiæ, August. 1. 1.: οἷς τὸ ΜΙΝ ἢ ΣΦΙΝ εὔαδε, καὶ ζητεῖν εἰ κύνας εἶχε Κύκλωψ, Philipp. Epigr. 43. 5, 6: Cynulc. ap. Athen. xiii. 9 § 91, p. 610 C (the names of the heroes in the Trojan horse; which of Ulysses's followers were eaten

Anchemoli, dicat quot Acestes vixerit annis,
Quot Siculi Phrygibus vini donaverit urnas.
Exigite ut mores teneros ceu pollice ducat,
Ut si quis cera voltum facit, exigite ut sit
Et pater ipsius cœtus, ne turpia ludant,

by the Cyclops, and which by the
Læstrygones). Cf. Gräfenh. Gesch.
d. Philol. § 277 (vol. iv. p. 268),
Wouwer Polym. x. Two classes of
grammarians were called ἐνστατικοὶ
and AUTIKOl: the former proposed such
questions, the latter (e. g. Sosibius,
Athen. xi. 12 § 85, p. 493) solved
them, Gräfenh. ib.; cf. i. p. 201, ii
§ 106, p. 11 sq., p. 332 sq., iii § 223,
p. 223. sq.

235. Anchem.] A warrior who fought under Turnus: Rhæti de gente vetusta Anchemolum, thalamos ausum incestare noverca, Virg. En. x. 388, 389: Hæc fabula in Latinis nusquam invenitur auctoribus. Avienus tamen, qui totum [Virgilium et] Livium iambis scripsit, hanc commemorat, dicens Græcam esse. Rhoetus ergo Marrhubiorum rex fuerat in Italia, qui Anchemolo filio Casperiam superduxit novercam : hanc privignus stupravit. Quo cognito, quum eum pater prosequeretur, et ad pœnam vocaret, fugiens ille se ad Daunum contulit. [Merito ergo in bello Turni, Dauni filio Anchemolus gratiam reddit], Serv. ad 1.

Acest.] ævi maturus Acestes, Æn. v. 73: cf. ib. 35 sq.

236. Vina bonus quæ deinde cadis onerarat Acestes Litore Trinacrio, ib. i. 195.

237. Ut laus est ceræ, mollis cedensque sequatur Si doctos digitos, jussaque fiat opus.... Sic homi

235

num ingenium flecti ducique per artes Non rigidas docta mobilitate decet, Plin. Ep. vii. 9 § 11: Et premitur ratione animus vincique laborat, Artificemque tuo ducit sub pollice vultum, Pers. v. 39: id. iii. 23, 24: Cereus in vitium flecti, Hor. Α. Ρ. 163 : πλάττειν τὰς ψυχάς, Plat. Rep. ii. p. 377 C: μárioтa yàp δὴ τότε [in youth] πλάττεται καὶ ἐνδύεται τύπος ὃν ἄν τις βούληται ἐνσημhvaoba, èkάotw, ib. B: Wyttenb. ad Plut. Mor. p. 3 E.

poll.] Qualiter artifici victuræ pollice ceræ Accipiunt formas, ignemque manumque sequuntur, Stat. Achill. i. 332: Ov. Met. x. 284.

239 sq. Quintil. ii. 2 (e. g. teneriores annos ab injuria sanctitas docentis custodiat, et ferociores a licentia gravitas deterreat. Neque vero satis est summam præstare abstinentiam, nisi disciplinæ severitate convenientium quoque ad se mores astrinxerit. Sumat igitur ante omnia parentis erga discipulos suos animum, ac succedere se in eorum locum, a quibus sibi liberi tradantur, existimet. Ipse nec habeat vitia nec ferat, §§ 3, 4: Pueros adolescentibus sedere permixtos, non placet mihi. Nam etiamsi vir talis, qualem esse oportet studiis moribusque præpositum, modestam habere potest etiam juventutem: tamen vel infirmitas a robustioribus separanda est; et carendum non solum crimine turpitudinis, verum etiam suspi

Ne faciant vicibus. Non est leve tot puerorum
Observare manus oculosque in fine trementes.
"Hæc," inquit, "cura; sed quum se verterit annus,
Accipe, victori populus quod postulat, aurum."

SATIRE VIII.

VIRTUE is the only true nobility: if you are just in word and deed, by these features I recognize you (agnosco, 26) as a noble: otherwise your illustrious name may but be applied in mockery, as we call a dwarf an Atlas (1-38). Rubellius may boast of his ancestor Iulus: but if he sits still as a stock, while plebeians are actively serving their country in the law-court or the camp, he must look to be condemned like the lagging horse in the circus: whom no pedigree can save from the mill or the cart (39-70). Would you know how to live as befits your descent? Be a brave soldier, a just judge, an honest governor, as well in unwarlike Corinth as in rude Gaul or Spain. So will high birth be indeed an honour to you: whereas it only brings out in more glaring colours the crimes of the oppressor or debauchee (71-145). So is it with Lateranus, who, though a consular, lives the life of a vulgar sot: a slave, who should do the same, would be sent to work in chains in the country (146—182). Other nobles, still more completely lost to shame, appear on the stage. Be it so, that they are well paid: what of that? No plea, but that of necessity, can palliate the offence. Nor indeed can that better were it to die, than to act with Thymele or Corinthus (183-197). Beyond this there is but one lower stage of infamy,-the arena: and even there you may see a Gracchus, and see him too, as though determined to publish abroad his shame, choose those arms which least of all hide the wearer's features. No wonder that the very gladiators are ashamed of so degenerate an antagonist (198-210). None can be of nobler birth than Nero, yet he exceeded the crime of Orestes, without the excuse of Orestes (211230). The high-born Catiline would have laid the city waste with fire and sword, but for Cicero, a new man from a country town; justly then did this new man receive the title of Father of his country (231-244). Marius also and the Decii were plebeian; Servius Tullius was the son of a slave; and these Rome reckons among her greatest benefactors (245-268). The sons of Brutus, the deliverer of Rome, would have betrayed their country, had it not been for a slave (261-268). After all, this long pedigree of which you boast, ends at last in some peasant or robber (269-275).

Cf. Stob. Flor. tit. lxxxvi., Sen. Ep. 44, Val. Max. iii. c. 4 and 5, Vell. ii. 128, Hor. S. i. 6, Sall. Jug. 85.

STEMMATA quid faciunt? Quid prodest, Pontice, longo
Sanguine censeri, pictos ostendere vultus
Majorum et stantes in curribus Emilianos
Et Curios jam dimidios humerosque minorem
Corvinum et Galbam auriculis nasoque carentem?

1. St.] Infr. 40. The imagines themselves, together with the lineæ which connect them, constitute the stemma or pedigree (Becker, Röm. Alt. ii. 1. p. 220 sq.). Aliter apud majores in atriis hæc erant, quæ spectarentur; non signa externorum artificum, nec æra aut marmora : expressi cera vultus [veteres ceræ, infr. 19 n.] singulis disponebantur armariis, ut essent imagines quæ comitarentur gentilitia funera; semperque defuncto aliquo totus aderat familiæ ejus, qui unquam fuerat, populus. Stemmata vero lineis discurrebant ad imagines pictas, Plin. XXXV. 2 § 6: Nemo altero nobilior, nisi cui rectius ingenium, et artibus bonis aptius. Qui imagines in atrio exponunt, et nomina familiæ suæ longo ordine, ac multis stemmatum illigata flexuris, in parte prima ædium collocant, noti magis quam nobiles sunt, Sen. De Ben. iii. 28: Mart. iv. 40. 1: cf. Forcellini.

fac.] Sed nihil erucæ faciunt.... Improba nec prosunt jam satureia tibi, Mart. iii. 75. 3, 4.

2. cens.] Censeri aliqua re (for examples see Freund, who however translates "to be valued on account of a thing"), "to take rank by," "to be valued at-in proportion to," as in parvo ære censeri: pro studio bibendi, quo solo censetur, Apul. De Mag. 57 fin. mendicitate censentur, Sen. iv. Contr. 24. (Votienus Montanus).

:

5

pict.] Clypeatam imaginem ejus ingentibus lineamentis usque ad pectus ex more pictam, Macrob. Sat. ii. 3 : ἡ δὲ εἰκών ἐστι πρόσωπον [a mask] εἰς ὁμοιότητα διαφερόντως ἐξειργασμένον καὶ κατὰ τὴν πλάσιν καὶ κατὰ τὴν ὑπογραφήν, Polyb. vi. 53, who adds that at funerals the ancestors of the deceased were personated, and their imagines worn, by persons resembling them in stature and bearing.

3. stant. &c.] Triumphal statues, vii. 125 n., x. 59.

Em.] The son of L. Æmilius Paulus, when adopted by the son of Scipio Africanus the elder, received the name of P. Cornelius Scipio Emilianus Africanus Minor.

4. Cur.] ii. 3. M'. Curius Dentatus, the opponent of Pyrrhus.

dim.] Mutilated, xv. 5: Dimidios Crispi mulio ridet equos, Mart. x. 2. 10.

hum. min.] frontemque minor truncam amnis Acarnan, Sil. iii. 42: the abl. is used by Lucan, ii. 717. 5. Corv.] i. 108 n.

Galb.] Neroni Galba successit, ... haud dubie nobilissimus, magnaque et vetere prosapia; ut qui... imperator. . . etiam stemma in atrio proposuerit, quo paternam originem ad Jovem referret, Suet. Galb. 2: Tac. H. i. 15: Galbæ imagines, ib. ii. 76: ib. 48, Plut. Galb. 3. The most eminent of this family were P. Sulpicius Galba Maximus (consul B. C. 211