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Page 417, 25th line, after "facts above specified," insert:

It is no valid objection that science as yet throws no light on the origin of Life. Who can explain what is the essence of the Attraction of gravity? Although Leibnitz accused Newton of introducing "occult qualities and miracles into philosophy;" yet this unknown element of attraction is now universally looked at as a vera causa perfectly well established.]

[I see no good reason why the views given in this volume should shock the religious feelings of any one. It is satisfactory, as showing how transient such impressions are, to remember that the greatest discovery ever made by man, namely, the law of gravity, was attacked by Leibnitz, "as subversive of natural and inferentially of revealed religion." A celebrated author and divine, &c., &c.

Page 420, fifteen lines from top, after "deceitful guide," omit whole remainder of paragraph, and insert, instead, as follows:

Nevertheless, all living things have much in cominon; in their chemical composition, their cellular structure, their laws of growth, and their liability to injurious influences. We see this in so trifling a circumstance as that the same poison often similarly affects plants and animals, or that the poison secreted by the gall-fly produces monstrous growths on the wild rose or oak tree. In all organic beings the union of a male and female elemental cell seems occasionally to be necessary for the production of a new being. In all, as far as is at present known, the germinal vesicle is the same. So that every individual organic being starts from a common origin. If we look even to the two main divisions-namely, to the animal and vegetable kingdoms-certain low forms are so far intermediate in character that naturalists have disputed to which kingdom they should be referred; and on the principle of natural selection with divergence of character, it does not seem utterly incredible that from some such intermediate production both animals and plants might possibly have been developed. Therefore I should infer that probably all the organic beings which have

ever lived on this earth have descended from some onė primordial form, into which life was first breathed by the Creator. But this inference is chiefly grounded on analogy, and it is immaterial whether or not it be accepted. The case is different with the members of each great class, as the Vertebrata or Articulata; for here, as has just been remarked, we have in the laws of homology and embryology, &c., some distinct evidence that all have descended from a single primordial parent.]

INDEX.

ABERRANT groups, 373.
Abyssinia, plants of, 326.

Acclimatisation, 127.

Affinities of extinct species, 287.

of organic beings, 358.

Agassiz on Amblyopsis, 127.

on groups of species suddenly ap-
pearing, 264, 267.

on embryological succession, 295.
on the glacial period, 319.

on embryological characters, 364.
on the embryos of vertebrata, 382.
on parallelism of embryological de-
velopment and geological succes-
sion, 390.

Algæ of New Zealand, 327.
Alligators, males, fighting, 84.

Amblyopsis, blind fish, 127.

Artichoke, Jerusalem, 129.
Ascension, plants of, 339.

Asclepias, pollen of, 173.
Asparagus, 313.
Aspicarpa, 363.

Asses, striped, 147.

Ateuchus, 123.

Audubon on habits of frigate-bird, 166
on variation in birds'-nests, 189.
on heron eating seeds, 338.

Australia, animals of, 108,
dogs of, 192.

extinct animals of, 296.
European plants in, 327.

Azara on flies destroying cattle, 70.
Azores, flora of, 316.

Babington, Mr., on British plants, 49.

America, North, productions allied to Balancement of growth, 133.

those of Europe, 323.

boulders and glaciers of, 325.

South, no modern formations on
west coast, 254.

Ammonites, sudden extinction of, 281.
Anagallis, sterility of, 219.
Analogy of variations, 143.
Ancylus, 336.

Animals, not domesticated from being
variable, 23.

domestic, descended from several
stocks, 24.

acclimatisation of, 129.

of Australia, 108.

Bamboo with hooks, 176.
Barberry, flowers of, 92.

Barrande, M., on Silurian colonies, 274.
on the succession of species, 284.
on parallelism of paleozoic forma
tions, 287.

on affinities of ancient species, 288.
Barriers, importance of, 303.
Batrachians on islands, 342.
Bats, how structure acquired, 163.
distribution of, 343.

Bear, catching water-insects, 165.
Bee, sting of, 180.

queen, killing rivals, 180.

with thicker fur in cold climates, 122. Bees fertilising flowers, 71.

blind, in caves, 125.

extinct, of Australia, 296.

Anomma, 213.

Antarctic islands, ancient flora of, 347.

Antirrhinum, 145.

Ants attending aphides, 188.

slave-making instinct, 195.

Ants, neuter, structure of, 209.

Aphides attended by ants, 188.

Aphis, development of, 384.

Apteryx, 163.

Arab horses, 38.

Aralo-Caspian Sea, 296.

Archiac, M. de, on succession of species,

284.

hive, not sucking the red clover
89.

hive, cell-making instinct, 200.
humble, cells of, 200.

parasitic, 195.

Beetles, wingless, in Madeira, 124.

with deficient tarsi, 123.

Bentham, Mr., on British plants, 49.

on classification, 365.

Berkeley, Mr., on seeds in salt-water, 312
Bermuda, birds of, 341.

Birds acquiring fear, 189.

annually cross the Atlantic, 317.

colour of, on continents, 121.

fossil, in caves of Brazil, 296.

Birds of Madeira, Bermuda, and Gala- Classification, 360.

pagos, 340.

song of males, 84.

transporting seeds, 315.
waders, 337.

wingless, 123, 163.

with traces of embryonic teeth, 391.

Bizcacha, 305.

affinities of, 373.

Bladder for swimming in fish, 170.
Blindness of cave animals, 126.

Blyth, Mr., on distinctness of Indian cat-
tle, 23.

on striped Hemionus, 147.
on crossed geese, 224.
Boar, shoulder-pad of, 84.

Borrow, Mr., on the Spanish pointer, 38.
Bory St. Vincent on Batrachians, 342.
Bosquet, M., on fossil Chthamalus, 266.
Boulders, erratic, on the Azores, 316.
Branchiæ, 170.

Brent, Mr., on house-tumblers, 191.

on hawks killing pigeons, 315.
Brewer, Dr., on American cuckoo, 193.
Britain, mammals of, 344.

Bronn on duration of specific forms, 257.
Brown, Robert, on classification, 361.
Buckman on variation in plants, 17.
Buzareingues on sterility of varieties, 238.

Cabbage, varieties of, crossed, 93.
Calceolaria, 222.

Canary-birds, sterility of hybrids, 223.
Cape de Verde islands, 347.

Cape of Good Hope, plants of, 102, 326.
Carrier-pigeons killed by hawks, 315.
Cassini on flowers of compositæ, 131.
Catasetum, 369.

Cats, with blue eyes, deaf, 18.

variation in habits of, 86.

curling tail when going to spring, 179.
Cattle destroying fir-trees, 69.

destroyed by flies in La Plata, 70.
breeds of, locally extinct, 103.
fertility of Indian and European
breeds, 225.

Cave, inhabitants of, blind, 125.
Centres of creation, 307.

Cephalopodæ, development of, 384.
Cervulus, 224.

Cetacea, teeth and hair, 131.

Ceylon, plants of, 326.

Chalk formation, 282.

Characters, divergence of, 103.

sexual, variable, 141.
adaptive or analogical, 371.

Charlock, 74.

Checks to increase, 66.

mutual, 69.

Chickens, instinctive tameness of, 192.
Chthamalinæ, 253.

Chthamalus, cretacean species of, 266.
Circumstances favourable to selection of

domestic products, 42.

to natural selection, 95.

Cirripedes capable of crossing, 95.
carapace aborted, 134.

their ovigerous frena, 172.
fossil, 266.

larvae of, 383.

Clift, Mr., on the succession of types, 295.
Climate, effects of, in checking increase of
beings, 67.

adaptation of, to organisms, 127.
Cobites, intestine of, 170.
Cockroach, 74.

Collections, palæontological, poor, 252.
Colour, influenced by climate, 121.

in relation to attacks by flies, 177.
Columba livia, parent of domestic pigeons,

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advantages of, 91.

unfavourable to selection, 96.
Crustacea of New Zealand, 327.
Crustacean, blind, 125.

Cryptocerus, 211.

Ctenomys, blind, 125.
Cuckoo, instinct of, 193.
Currants, grafts of, 231.
Currents of sea, rate of, 313.

Cuvier on conditions of existence, 184.
on fossil monkeys, 265.
Fred., on instinct, 186.

Dana, Prof., on blind cave-animals, 126.
on relations of crustaceans of Japan,
324.

on crustaceans of New Zealand, 327.

De Candolle on struggle for existence, 61.
on umbelliferæ, 132.

on general affinities, 374.

Alph, on low plants, widely dis-
persed, 353.

on widely-ranging plants being va
riable, 54.

on naturalisation, 107.

on winged seeds, 133.

on Alpine species suddenly becom
ing rare, 157.

on distribution of plants with large
seeds, 314.

on vegetation of Australia, 330.
on fresh-water plants, 336.

on insular plants, 339.

Degradation of coast rocks, 248.
Denudation, rate of, 250.

of oldest rocks, 269.

Development of ancient forms, 293.

Devonian system, 292.

Dianthus, fertility of crosses, 226.
Dirt on feet of birds, 316.
Dispersal, means of, 311.

during glacial period, 318.
Distribution, geographical, 302.
means of, 311.

Disuse, effects of, under nature, 122.
Divergence of character, 103.

Division, physiological, of labour, 107.
Dogs, hairless, with imperfect teeth, 18.
descended from several wild stocks,
23.

domestic instincts of, 190.
inherited civilization of, 192.
fertility of breeds together, 224.
of crosses, 236.

proportions of, when young, 386.
Domestication, variation under, 14.
Downing, Mr., on fruit-trees in America,81.
Downs, North and South, 250.
Dragon-flies, intestines of, 170.
Drift-timber, 314.

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as bearing on natural selection, 102.
of domestic varieties, 103.

Eye, structure of, 167.

correction for aberration, 180.

Eyes reduced in moles, 125.

Fabre, M., on parasitic sphex, 195.

Falconer, Dr., on naturalisation of plants
in India, 64.

on fossil crocodile, 274.

on elephants and mastodons, 292.

Falkland Island, wolf of, 343.
Faults, 250.

Faunas, marine, 304.

Fear, instinctive, in birds, 189.

Feet of birds, young molluscs adhering to,
336.

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of crossed varieties, 236.

Fir-trees destroyed by cattle, 69.
pollen of, 181.

Fish, flying, 163.

teleostean, sudden appearance of, 267.
eating seeds, 337.

fresh-water, distribution of, 335.
Fishes, ganoid, now confined to fresh
water, 100.

electric organs of, 172.

ganoid, living in fresh water, 281.
of southern hemisphere, 327.
Flight, powers of, how acquired, 163.
Flowers, structure of, in relation to cross-
ing, 91.

of composite and umbelliferæ, 131.
Forbes, E., on colours of shells, 121.
on abrupt range of shells in depth,

157.

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