Dum detonet omnis. "Until it cease entirely from thundering," i. e. "until it spend its fury." So Wagner.

815. Legunt. "Collect." Their task being finished, they collect the threads of his existence before breaking them.-818. Molli auro. "With flexile threads of gold.' The tunic was woven throughout with threads of gold, not merely embroidered.-819. Sinum. "Its bosom," i. e. the bosom of the tunic.-824. Patriæ pietatis imago, i. e. the filial piety of Lausus, so conspicuous in this his early death in defence of a father. Æneas thinks of his own son Ascanius, as he gazes on the son of Mezentius.

arms.

825. Pro laudibus istis, i. e. commensurate with that merit displayed by thee in the defence of a father, and in exposing thy own life to save his.-827. Habe. "Keep." Æneas will not despoil him of his It was regarded as a high mark of honour for a victor to allow the vanquished to remain undespoiled of his arms.-Parentum manibus et cineri, i. e. to thy paternal and ancestral cemetery.—828. Si qua est ea cura, i. e. if thou carest aught for that.-831. Socios. The followers of Lausus.-Sublevat. Eneas raises his fallen foe with his own hands.-832. De more. Referring to the Etrurian mode of arranging the hair, as shown by vases and monuments. 834. Vulnera siccabat lymphis, i. e. was stanching the bleeding by the application of cold water.-835. Procul. "At some distance." Used in a similar sense in Eclogue vi. 16.-838. Colla fovet. "Eases his neck (by leaning)."-Fusus propexam, &c. "Having his flowing beard hanging down upon his breast."

841. Super arma. "On his shield."-844. Canitiem. "His hoary locks."-849. Nunc misero mihi, &c. "Now, at length, is exile fraught with wo for me, unhappy one.". -852. Ob invidiam. "For odious misdeeds." Literally, "through odium."

853. Debueram. "Had I owed." Equivalent to si debebam.-856. Simul. To be joined in construction_with dicens.—In ægrum femur. "On his enfeebled thigh."-857. Et quamquam vis, &c. "And although his present strength retards him by reason of the deep wound," i. e. his loss of strength occasioned by the wound which Eneas had inflicted. Heyne makes vis equivalent here to vis ademta. 861. Rhabe. Imitated from Homer (Il. viii. 184, seq., and xx. 199, seq.)-863. Lausi dolorum. "Of my sorrows for Lausus."-867. Consueta. "Accustomed (to the seat)."

870. Estuat uno in corde. "Boil at one and the same time in his heart." We have given uno, with Heyne and Wagner, on the authority of the best MSS. Brunck and others, however, prefer imo.— 872. Et Furiis agitatus amor, &c. This line is probably interpolated here from xii. 668. It is omitted in many MSS.

874. Enim. Equivalent to enimvero or utique.-876. Incipias. Begin." Heyne and Wagner place, the former a comma after Apollo in the preceding line, the latter a mark of exclamation, and connecting that line, in this manner, with incipias conferre manum, supply ut before incipias. This, however, appears to want spirit.

879. Perdere. Supply me.-880. Nec divûm parcimus ulli, i. e. nor do we, on the other hand, intend to spare thee, whatsoever one of the gods thou mayest invoke. The idea of sparing is transferred, by a poetic idiom, from the individual himself to the god whom he invokes to come unto his aid. This appears to be the simplest explanation of the passage.

881. Desine. This refers back to terres.-884. Sustinet. "Sustains

Dd

their shock." Umbo taken, by synecdoche, for the whole shield.— 885. Laros equitavit in orbes. "He galloped in circles towards the left." He kept continually moving around to the left, that he might reach Æneas's right side, which was uncovered by his shield; but the Trojan kept turning as he turned, and constantly interposing his shield, or, in other words, turning his left side towards him.-887. Silcam. "Forest of spears." Supply hastarum. Referring to the spears sticking in his shield.—889. Pugná iniquâ. Himself on foot; Mezentius mounted.-894. Implicat. "Keeps him down."-Ejectoque incumbit cernuus armo. “And, falling forward, lies with his shoulder upon his dismounted rider." Ejecto is the dative. Literally, "for him thrown out (of his seat)," and refers to Mezentius.-Černuus. Falling head-foremost. Hence the term is sometimes applied to tumblers, and dancers on the tight rope, &c. Servius: Cernuus dicitur, qui cadit in faciem, quasi in eam partem quâ cernimus.”

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895. Incendunt colum. "Fill the sky far and wide." A metaphor taken from things that emit a brilliant light, and are therefore seen from afar.-898. Ut, auras suspiciens, &c. "As soon as, looking upward to the air, he drank in the heaven (with his eyes), and regained his consciousness."

902. Hæc fœdera. "Such an agreement as this," i. e. that thou wast to spare his life.—903. Per, si qua est, &c. Concerning this construction, consult note on iv. 314.-905. Defende. "Ward off from me."-907. Jugulo. Poetic, for in jugulum.-908. Undantique animam, &c. Construe as follows: "diffunditque animam (cum) cruore undanti in arma.'

BOOK ELEVENTH.

1. Oceanum interea, &c. The eleventh book opens with the morning after Mezentius had been slain. No mention is made of the result of the battle. It may be fairly inferred, however, that the Rutulians and Latins, disheartened by the absence of Turnus and the fall of Mezentius, were repulsed by the Trojans and their allies.-2. Sociis. Referring to both Trojans and Etrurians.-3. Præcipitant. "Strongly urge him."-Funere. " 'By the slaughter among his friends." The reference is particularly to Pallas.-4. Primo Eoo. Compare iii. 588.

6. Induitque. "And puts upon it."-9. Trunca. Equivalent to fracta. The reference is to the spears hurled by Mezentius, in his combat with Æneas (x. 882).—10. Sinistro. Supply parti. The left side of the oak.-11. Atque ensem collo, &c. " And suspends from the neck the ivory-hilted sword," i. e. from that part of the armour which formed the neck of the figure.

12. Tegebat. Equivalent to circumdabat.-15. Rege superbo. Alluding to Mezentius, not to Turnus.-16. Hic est. "Is here before you." Alluding to the trophy.-17. Regem. Latinus.-18. Præsumite. "Anticipate." He wishes them to be the first to strike a blow at the capital of Latinus.-19. Ignaros impediat. "May detain you, ignorant of what is about to be done."-Vellere signa adnuerint. "Shall permit us to pluck up the standards," i. e. shall allow us by favourable auspices. The poet here alludes to Roman customs. Before marching, the auspices were always taken, and if these were

favourable, the standards were plucked up from the ground, they having been previously fixed in the earth in a particular part of the encampment.-21. Segnesve metu sententia tardet. "Or lest any deliberations, arising from timidity, retard you, slow of movement," i. e. retard and make you slow of movement.

22. Socios inhumataque corpora. "The unburied bodies of our friends." A hendiadys, for sociorum inhumata corpora.-25. Hanc patriam. “This (new) native country.”—28. Abstulit atra dies, &c. Compare vi. 429.

29. Ad limina. "To the threshold of his fortified station," i. e. New Troy.-31. Parrhasio. For Arcadi. The Parrhasii, strictly speaking, formed merely a part of the Arcadian population, and were situate in the southwestern angle of the country.-33. Tum. "On this occasion."-34. Circum. Supply erant.-35. Crinem soluta. Consult note on iii. 65.

36. Ut vero Æneas, &c. The lines from 30 to 35 inclusive are parenthetic.-39. Caput fultum. "The supported head.”—40. Levi in pectore. In his smooth breast." Levis is here employed to designate the bosom of a very young man.

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45. Promissa. We must suppose Æneas to have made these, since they are not expressly mentioned in the previous part of the poem.47. In magnum imperium. Equivalent to ad magnum imperium acquirendum.-48. Cum durâ, &c. "That our battles would be with a warlike nation."-49. Multum must be joined in construction with inani, not with captus.-51 Et nil jam cœlestibus, &c. The living, remarks Valpy, are subject to the gods above; the dead, to the gods beneath.

55. Hæc mea magna fides? "(Is) this my boasted confidence (in thy safe return) ?"-Pudendis vulneribus, i. e. wounds on the back.56. Nec sospite dirum, &c. "Nor shalt thou, (though) a father, thy son having been saved (by a disgraceful flight), wish a dire death (for him)," i. e. nor wilt thou be compelled, despite the dictates of paternal affection, to utter imprecations against thy son for having tarnished his fair fame by disgraceful flight.

59. Hæc ubi deflevit. "When with these words he had ceased from weeping."-66. Obtentu frondis. "By leafy boughs stretched over." 77. Arsuras. "About to blaze (on the funeral pile)."-78. Laurentis præmia pugnæ, i. e. won in the recent conflict with the Rutulians and Latins.-80. Equos. These, also, were destined to be sacrificed, along with the human victims mentioned in the succeeding line.-81. Vinxerat et, &c. Compare x. 518, seq.-82. Caso sanguine. "With the blood of these slaughtered."-83. Indutosque jubet truncos, &c. These were portable trophies, each having attached to it the name of the foe to whom the arms had belonged.-87. Sternitur et, &c. "And (now again), having flung himself headlong with his whole body, he lies prostrate on the ground." Terræ for in terram.

89. Positis insignibus. "Its trappings being laid aside."—90. It lacrimans. So, in Homer (Il. xvii. 426, seqq.), the horses of Achilles are represented weeping.-91. Nam cetera Turnus, &c. In x. 496, seq., mention is merely made of the belt of Pallas, as having been borne away by Turnus, and nothing is said of any other spoils taken from the youth.-96. Alias ad lacrimas. "Unto tears for others," i. e. in order to perform similar duties over others who had fallen. 101. Velati ramis oleæ. Consult note on vii. 154.- Veniam. “A favour."-103. Redderet. Supply Eneas.-105. Hospitibus quondam,

&c. The whole Latin people are here put in place of their king himself.-107. Prosequitur. Equivalent to condonat.

109. Qui. "In that you." Observe here the force of the relative with the subjunctive.-110. Pacem me oratis. "Do you ask peace of me?" Observe the double accusative with the verb of asking.Exanimis. From exanimus.-112. Nec veni. "Nor would I have come." Poetic usage, for nec venissem.-113. Rex. "Your king.” Latinus.-Nostra hospitia. "The league of hospitality which he had formed with us."-118. Vixêt. "That one of us would have lived," i. e. would have survived the conflict. Vixêt, by syncope, for vixisset. 120. Obstupuere silentes. They were astonished to find Eneas so different a person from the haughty foe whom they had expected to see.-122. Odiis et crimine. " From feelings of hatred, and by many an accusation." Crimine, equivalent to criminatione.-124. Orsa refert. Speaks." Literally, "utters (words) begun.”

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126. Justitiæne prius mirer, &c. "Shall I admire (thee) more for thy justice, or for thy labours in war?" Miror here takes the genitive of that for which one is to be admired, in imitation of the Greek idiom.-130. Fatales murorum moles, i. e. the walls destined for thee by the fates.-131. Saxaque subcectare, &c. "And to bear on our shoulders the stones of Troy," i. e. the stones that shall go to form the city of New Troy.

133. Bis senos pepigere dies. "They concluded (an armistice) for twice six days." With pepigere supply foedus. - Pace sequestrá. "During the continuance of the truce." In a litigation, observes Valpy, the term sequester is applied to a person into whose hands the subject in controversy is, by consent, deposited; hence, to any intermediate act, as to the cessation of arms, during which the contending parties are in a state of security.-137. Olentem cedrum. "The scented juniper." Consult note on vii. 13.

141. Quae modo victorem, &c. "(Rumour), which but a moment before brought the tidings that Pallas was victorious in Latium." 143. Rapuere. Observe the change from the historical infinitive ruere to the perfect rapuere, and the rapidity of action indicated by the latter tense.-144. Discriminat. "İllumes." Literally, “marks out," equivalent to discerni facit.

145. Contra reniens. "Coming in the opposite direction.”—147. Incendunt. Consult note on x. 895.–148. Potis est. For potest. Compare iii. 671.

152. Petenti. Supply mihi. We have adopted this reading, which is mentioned by Servius, and which obviates all the difficulty of the ordinary lection parenti.

156. Primitia juvenis misera! "Ah, unhappy first-fruits of youthful valour!" Juvenis for juvenilis virtutis.-Belli propinqui. “Of a war near at hand." This made the blow so much heavier, that he fell so near to his own home.-160. Vivendo vici mea fata, i. e. I have violated the rules of fate by surviving my own son.-161. Troúm socia arma, &c. "O that the Rutulians had overwhelmed (me) with their missiles, having followed (instead of thee) the allied arms of the Trojans !"

168. Juvabit. "It will (still) prove a source of consolation." A much better reading than juvaret, which Jahn and Wagner adopt.169. Quin ego non alio, &c. "Nay, with no other funeral obsequies will I now grace thee."-172. Magna tropaea ferunt, &c. “ They bring the great trophies (of those) whom thy right hand consigns to death."

This line is unnoticed by Servius, and does not appear in some MSS. -174. Esset. For si esset Pallanti meo. "If (my Pallas) had possessed." Esset for fuisset.

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175. Armis. "From the war." For ab armis.-177. Quod vitam moror invisam, &c. Thy (avenging) right hand, which thou seest Turnus owes unto both a son and a father, is the reason why I linger out a hated existence," i. e. my only motive for enduring life is my confidence in thy avenging arm, &c.-179. Meritis vacat hic tibi, &c. "This office is alone reserved for thy merits and fortune." We have followed here the explanation of Wagner, and have regarded meritis tibi as an instance of a double dative, another example of which occurs in vi. 474, seqq. Euander means that this is the only obligation which the merits of Æneas and fortune can bestow on him.-181. Perferre. "To bear these tidings," i. e. to be the messenger unto my son of the vengeance inflicted on Turnus.

192. Tubarum. Consult note on ii. 313.

195. Munera nota. "Well-known gifts." Well known, because consisting of articles which they themselves had possessed in life; such as their shields, spears, &c.-196. Non felicia. "Not fortunate (in the hands of their possessors)."-197. Morti, i. e. to Mors, considered as a divinity.-199. In flammam. "And cast into the flames." Observe the peculiar force of the preposition with the accusative in connexion with a verb. Thus, in flammam jugulant is the same as jugulant et in flammam conjiciunt.—200. Semiustaque servant busta, i. e. they watch the piles now half consumed, and keep watching them until all is burnt to ashes.-201. Busta. The term bustum properly denotes the place where a body is burned. Here, however, it stands for the funeral pile itself.

208. Nec numero, nec honore. "Neither counting them, nor paying individual honours."

211. Altum cinerem, &c. 66 They turned up on the hearths the deep ashes and intermingled bones," i. e. they separated the bones from the piles of ashes, and gathered the former together.-212. Focis. A bold image. The allusion is to the place on which the pile had stood.-Tepido, i. e. warm because the warm bones were placed

in it.

213. In tectis. "Within the dwellings (of the foe)." Tectis is in apposition with urbe.-215. Nurus. "Brides." The reference is to young married females.-218. Ipsum. "Him alone," i. e. by himself, in single combat.-219. Qui poscat. "Since he demands."221. Testatur. He repeats what he had heard from Æneas himself. —222. Multa simul contra, &c. "At the same time many a sentiment is uttered," &c.-223. Obumbrat. "Protects him." A metaphor taken from a tree overshading any object, and defending it from the fierce rays of the sun.

226. Super. For insuper.-Diomedis urbe. Argyripa.-232. Fatalem. 66 As one that was destined by the fates."

238. Primus sceptris. "First in command."-239. Ætolâ ex urbe. The city of Diomede. Called "Etolian," because Diomede, its founder, was of Ætolian origin. In line 243, it is styled "Argira castra," because his followers in the Trojan war were natives of Argolis, he having obtained the throne of Argos by marriage with Ægialea, the daughter of Adrastus.

245. Quá concidit, &c. Poetic exaggeration. Diomede, however, was one of the bravest in the army of the Greeks at Troy.-246.