in May, about the beginning of the month, if the land be heavy; about the middle, if it be light. Scotch barley is ufually fown about the beginning of May in heavy lands; later in proportion as they are lighter; and in the lighteft, not till the end of May. Potatoes are planted commonly after the fecond plowing of the barley land, though the beft feafon is reckoned to be about the end of April or beginning of May. Turnips are fown the firft or fecond week of June. When the land has not been fummer fallowed, one boll of wheat or barley, one boll and half of pease at least, and rather more than 5 firlots of oats, are sown upon an cre; when fummer fallowed, fomewhat less than 3 firlots of wheat or barley; when grafs feeds are sown, an acre takes about 16 or 18 lib. weight of clover, and one peck of rye-grafs. Dung is the chief manure. The quantity requifite for an acre is about 26 two-horse cart-loads of good stable dung. The land inclining to clay requires fomewhat more; lighter lands, rather less. On good lands dung ferves for four crops in the ordinary rotation. The price of stable dung is from 2 s. to 3 s. 6d. per cart load, of street dung 1s. Horfes alone are employed in husbandry work. Horsehoeing was introduced about 24 years ago, and has been practifed ever fince. Small's plough with two horses is generally ufed. The harvest begins ufually about the last week of Auguft, and ends on the first or fecond week of October. In the year 1785, early oats were introduced here. They were fown on the 5th of April, and reaped on the 21ft of July. In the year following they were fown on the 31st of March, and reaped on the 25th of July. The harvest for the other grain was in the fame proportion later than in the former year. Thefe oats, being ripe fo much fooner than the other kinds of grain, fuffered fo greatly from the birds, that the fowing of them was difcontinued.

Pro

Produce. The produce of grain per acre, on ordinary land, as well as on the best ground, is reckoned to be nearly in the following proportions :

Rents and Inclofures.-The rent of land is from 11. 115. to 31. 10s. per acre. Almoft all the parish is inclosed. Walls built of ftone and mortar form a great part of the inclosures. They are an immediate fence, take up less room than hedges, and afford no shelter to birds. The common height is 4 feet above the surface. The price of building is 31. 5 s. per rood, materials furnished by the builder. Inclofures have confiderably increafed the rent of the lands. The ftate of property has been fluctuating. Within the prefent century, the whole lands in the parish, with the exception of 4 or 5 acres, have been fold once, and fome of the eftates much oftener.

Wages and Prices of Labour.-The ufual wages of a man fervant, living in the family, are 5 1. Sterling per annum; of a maid fervant, 31. Sterling; of a man fervant, out of the house, 6 bolls of oat meal, in money and other perquifites from 51. 16 s. to 61. 11 s. 6d. ; a free house of 10 s. or

12 s. value, and diet in harvest; of a day-labourer, employed during the whole feafon, to d. per day, when occafionally employed, I s.; of women employed in weeding grain, 5 d.; of a man in harveft, 10 d. and diet valued at 6 d.; of a woman in harvest, 7 d. and diet, valued as above; of a mafon, 1 s. 8 d. ; cf a carpenter, from 1 s. 4 d. to 19. rod.; of a taylor, 6 d. and diet; plowing an acre of ground cofts 10 s.; harrowing ditto, 2 s.; cutting ditto of grafs, 2 s. and 2 s. 6 d.; cutting ditto of grain, 6 s.; reapers, however, are seldom hired to work by the piece.

Prices of Grain and Provifions.-The price of grain is, in a great neafure, regulated by the higheft fiars of Eaft Lothian. Beef fells from 3 d. to 4 d. per lib.; mutton and veal, from 3 d. to 5 d.; pork, from 3 d. to 4 d. ; good lamb, from Is. to 3 s. per quarter; fowls, 1 s. fometimes more; pigeons, from 2 s. to 3 s. per dozen; eggs, from 4 d. to 8 d. per dezen; butter, at the beginning of the feason, 1 s.; it is feldom under 9 d. per lib. 20 ounce Dutch.

Manufactures.-There are at prefent 10 Salt Pans in the parish, but only 6 are wrought. When the weather is dry, and the coal good, a pan may be drawn 5 times in a week. Each draught requires 3 fillings of water, and yields, in fummer, about 18 bufhelst, in winter about 16. The difference is owing to the fea water being stronger in fummer than in winter For the fame reafon, in winter it requires 26 or 28 hours to a draught; in fummer only 20 or 22. The procefs is fometimes retarded by the badness of the coal. When the fea water is good, a Scotch gallon of it will yield of falt nearly one lib. Avoirdupois. The draught confumes VOL. XVII. from

I

* A bufhel of falt contains 8 gallons, and weighs 56 lib. A. voirdupois.

from 18 to 26 bolls of fmall coal or culm. The price of the coal is about 8 d. per boll, when laid down at the pan. Two men are employed in working a pan; their joint wages from 17 s. to 20 s. per week. From the time the falt is drawn till it is fold, the wafte by lying in the girnel is computed at 1 bufhel in 10. The better the falt is made, the wafte is the lefs. When it is conveyed by land, a high wind occafions a greater wafle than a moderate rain. Three bufhels in 40 were formerly allowed for wafte, when it was carried coaftA late act of Parliament reduces the allowance to in 40. The original coat of a fait pan amounts to about 300 1. Sterling; and once in 3 years it costs about 401. for repairs. The price of falt at prefent, duty included, is 3. per bufhel. The average made in this parifh, during the 5 laft years, is 10,750 bushels 4 gallons per year.

ways.

A manufacture of ftone ware is carried on a little to the west of the church. It commenced about 40 years ago, and belongs to Meffrs. Cadell. White stone ware, and cream coloured ware, (of late the laft chiefly) are manufactured. About 40 men, and upwards of 30 boys, are employed. The wages of the men are from 6 s. to 15 s. per week. Some of them, when working by the piece, earn more than 15 s. The wages of the boys are from 1 s. to 2 s. per week. The boys are taken at 8 years of age, and continue till they are 14 or 15, when they are either bound as apprentices, or go to other occupations. About 24 tons of coals are confumed per week; the price is 5 s. 6 d. per ton, when laid down at the work. The clay ufed in the manufacture is brought from Devonshire, the flint from Gravefend; white and red lead from London, Hull, and Newcastle. The price of the clay is 10 s. per ton, freight 14 s. per ditto; the price of the flint is 18 s. and 20 s. per ton, freight 8 s. per ditto. found in great plenty in the neighbourhood.

Fire clay is This manufacture

facture circulates upwards of 25 1. per week. At Morison's Haven there is another manufacture of the fame kind, with the addition of brown ware *. About half the number of men and boys are employed as at the former. Clay for the brown ware is found hard by the work. A third manufacture of the above articles was carried on at the Cuttle, but has been difcontint ed for a year or two; it is, however, about to be refumed. The fales, for articles of earthen ware, are computed at upwards of 5000l. per annum. Befides the Scotch market, the ware is exported to most of the fea ports in Europe, to the West Indies, and to North America.There is a brick and tile work adjoining to the old churchyard. Six men are employed. The wages of each, at a medium, are I s. per day. This feafon 13 kilns were fired with tiles, each kiln containing 10,000. Of bricks 107,000 were made. Each kiln with tiles confumed 21 cart-loads of coals, at 3 s. 6 d. per cart-load of 12 cwt. One cart load, partly great coal, partly culm, is required, at an average, for A little to the weft of the above there is an3000 bricks. other tile-work by the fea-fide, where 9 kilns were fired, each kiln containing 9000 tiles, and confuming 20 cart-loads of coals. Three inen are employed at 7 s. each per week. Tiles, including a duty of 8 s. are fold at the rate of 2 l. 135. per thoufand. Bricks, including a duty of 2s. 6d. at the rate of 17 s. 6 d. per thousand.

A manufacture of oil of vitriol, aquafortis, and spirit of fuit, is carried on here t. For many years it was confined almoit

folely

It is near 100 years fince the manufacture of brown ware commenced in this parifh. Towards the end of the last century, a glafs-houfe for bottles was erected at Morifon's Haven. The manufacture was carried on for fome years, but did not fucceed.

† It commenced anno Domini 1750, under the direction of Meffrs