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the barn, in shocks only. Large quantities of both potatoes and grain are annually exported. Sometimes the courfe of crops, above defcribed, is fo far deviated from, that, after the third crop of grain, the field is manured with dung, and planted with potatoes or turnips; after which it is, on the fifth year, fown with barley and grafs feeds. After the reaping of the barley, the field is left to enjoy the ufual period of ceffation from tillage.

Sheep.-Sheep are the third in importance of the articles of the ftock and produce of the farms in this parish. The fmall white-faced race of the parish of Mochrum; the well known, small, black-faced breed of Galloway; the variety produced by the skilful management of the celebrated Culley; the Spanish and the Shetland races of fheep, are all known and fed here. A mixture of the black-faced Galloway, with the Culley breed, has been alfo tried. But the common Galloway race is the most prevalent. Neither the Spanish nor the Shetland sheep has, as yet, been found to thrive here, in such a manner as might encourage the common farmer to receive them into his flocks. The practice of finearing the sheep, annually, at the beginning of winter, with butter and tar, has begun to fall into disuse; because the ordinary temperature of winter on thefe coafts, is extremely mild; and the quality of the wool of sheep unfmeared is, for the most part, confiderably better, than the quality of that which is clotted with tar. The finest wool is fold to the merchants at the price of 16 s. a ftone. Those lambs which can be annually fpared for fale, are fold at the average rate of about 6 1. Sterling a fcore. Sheep of the age of 3 or 4 four years, are bought from this parish, for the market, at the rate of 101. or 12 1. a score. In fome inftances, fheep of- that age, have been fold here, at above a guinea a head.

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Savine.-Swine are fed in confiderable numbers, by the farmers and cottagers in this parish. They are nourished chiefly upon the refufe of potatoes, upon whey, and other finall articles, which, but for them, might probably go to wafte. The pork is a strong wholesome food, and a seasonable supply to the labourers, in thofe times of the year in which it is lefs ufual to furnish them with fresh beef and mutton. They may be driven alive, even to a confiderably diftant place of fale: Or, they may be fattened and flaughtered at home; and the pork then pickled in barrels, or cured, as bacon, for exportation,

Horfes. The horses of this parish, are a ftout, handsome race, very fit for the faddle, the load, or the draught. The breed has been diligently improved by the care of the gentle men, landholders in Glafferton, and the neighbourhood. Most of the young horfes are the progeny of ftallions introduced into this country by the Earl of Galloway, and the late Admiral Keith Stewart. It is probable, that the variety of the horfe now prevalent in these parts of Galloway, has been gradually produced by the continual croffing of the fmall old Galloway breed, with foreign ftallions.

Inclofures, &c.-These are all the capital articles of farmftock in this parish. Poultry, and the ufual domeftic animals, are kept about every farm-houfe and cottage.

inftruments of agriculture are of a conftruction fufficiently fkilful and convenient. Inclofures, and the divifions of farms and fields, are formed commonly by the Galloway ftonedyke; which is fometimes a double wall without mortar, and is often raised to the height of 6 or 7 quarters of an ell. Attempts to produce hedges, for fences, have never yet been

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fuccefsful here, on account of the vicinity of the fea, the reluctance of the foil, or other caufes. The roads are good, and perhaps fufficiently numerous and well directed: They are made, and from time to time repaired, at the expence of 15 s. Sterling, levied in converfion for the ftatute-labour, upon every hundred pounds Scottish, of the valued rents. Peats, from the moraffes, are the common fuel: Pit-coal is obtained, for the fame purpose, from England, at the price

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15 s. a ton; and it has lately begun to be used here in larger quantities than formerly. The farm-houles, and the office houses respectively pertaining to them, are, for the most part, commodious and fubftantial: The office houses stand ufually at fome fmall convenient diftance from the farmhoufe.

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Markets. In comparison with many parts of the country, the parish of Glafferton cannot be faid to be very difadvantageously fituate in refpect to markets for the exports which it produces, and the imports needed for the ufe of its inhabitants. Whithern; the isle of Whithern; and Port. William the two laft fea-ports, are the nearest places worthy of being mentioned as feats of merchants, fhop-keepers, and artifans. But the exportation is chiefly to England, or to the fhires of Ayr, Renfrew, and Lanerk, in Scotland. The black cattle are exported, annually, by land, to the great markets and tryfts in the northern counties of England. February, May, and September, are the months in which black cattle are, every year, fent to the markets. The expence of fending a bullock, from this neighbourhood to St Faith's fair, may bereasonably estimated at 16 s. or 17 s. By the fatigue and hunger of the journey, the animal fuffers a loss of flesh equivalent to 17 s. more. The fheep, of whatever age, are exported, by fea, to Whitehaven or Liverpool. For both fheep

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and black cattle, however, the establishment, and extenfion of manufactures has begun to afford a partial market in the 3 counties of Ayr, Renfrew, and Lanerk, which is little less convenient than the markets of England. The wool was formerly fold wholly into Ayrshire, for the manufactures of coarfe woollen ftuffs, which have been long carried on there: But the English wool-merchants have lately found their way hither. The furplus grain, whether barley, bear, or oats, is exported to Liverpool and Whitehaven: The quantity and value of the barley and bear exported, are greater than those of the corn. Lime and coals are, among other articles, imported from Whitehaven, in return for the exports carried hither.

Example of the Landholders.-Fortunately, for the improvement of the agriculture, and of the rural oeconomy in general, of the parish of Glafferton, the principal refident landholders have paid extraordinary and highly fuccessful attention to this object.

Robert Hawthorn Stewart, Efq; of Phyfgill, in the general management of his eftates, and particularly in the cultivation of those fields which he retains in his own natural poffeffion; has eminently difplayed that active and vigorous, yet temperate and rational fpirit of improvement, which ever contributes the moft effectually to increafe the fertility of a country, and to excite and enlighten the rural industry of its inhabitants; because it is equally remote from the folly of the agricultural projector, who thinks no practice in hufbandry good, that was ever tried before; and from the blind prejudices of the ruftic, who believes every thing to be abfurd, that has not been recommended by ancient custom in the place. Mr Stewart has fubdivided, and inclofed his fields with excellent dry-ftone walls; has adopted the beft rotation

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of crops known in the country for that ground which he fubjects to tillage; has imported grain for a change of feed, and sheep to ameliorate the breed of his flocks, from the moft diftant parts of England. He has very fuccessfully employed lime, fpread as a manure upon the unbroken furface, to improve the natural pafture of ground which it was not then eligible to plow. In the culture of turnips, a fpecies of green crop ftill too rare in this country, he has fet a very skilful and fortunate example. The use of potatoes, as a very beneficial fallowing crop, has been equally encouraged by his care and fuccefs. Having turned his attention particularly to the grazier-farming, of feeding and fattening blackcattle for the market; he has conducted this branch of hufbandry with a degree of activity and skill highly advantageous to himself, and useful in the country. It would be illiberal and uncandid to omit mentioning here, that, from motives of true public fpirit, Mr Stewart has fhewn himself par ticularly friendly to these statistical inquiries, to the refearches of the Board of Agriculture, and to whatever collection or diffufion of ufeful information, tends to enlighten and improve rural industry and oeconomy.

The houfe of Phy/gill is fpacious and beautifully fituate. The circumjacent fields fpread out around it with a very fine effect. The vicinity of the fea-fhore is exceedingly interef ting, The plantations, within thefe grounds, are not extenfive, but not stunted or dwarfish. Mr Stewart has formed an excellent garden, which he has furrounded with an uncommonly good ftone and lime wall, full 14 feet in height. It affords great abundance of fruits, flowers, and pot-herbs, both ordinary and rare, and of the beft quality.

The late Admiral Keith Stewart of Glafferton had, for many years, applied himfelf, with great earneftness, to beautify and improve his eftate in this parish. He built on

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