this practice a confiderable coat of grafs may be expected the first year after it is laid down, and the husbandman will do juftice to himfelf and to his landlord; for though it is thecuftom in Ireland to fet the lands by public cant, or by the highest proposal, and generally for fhort tenures, which, did the landlord judiciously confider the impropriety of this measure it might induce him to judge from the folvency of his tenant, his knowledge of husbandry, and other particulars, as of more material confequence to him, than a few fhillings an acre more for his land; befides, many who have taken fuch lands at fuch rack rents, and their leafes for three lives or 31 years, which are the ufual terms, the tenant near the expiration of his leafe, knowing he will not have the preference of renewing it, too often neglects the land and fuffers it to go to ruin. The fowing of grafs feeds is alfo very beneficial to the farmer and is a great improvement to land. There have been of late years a confiderable increase of agriculture in this kingdom, arifing principally from the attention bestowed on it by the house of commons, from the many laws enacted in its favour, and from the parliamentary affiftance given to all attempts calculated for its improvement and extenfion, and alfo by the encouragement given to many improving tenants by their landlords, particularly by the Right Hon. I Thomas Thomas Connolly, that great lover of his country, to his tenants in the North of Ireland. By his grace the Lord Primate to his tenantry. By the Marquis of Rockingham to his tenants in the county of Wicklow. By the Earl of Moira, by Lord Viscount Southwell, and by Lord Shelburne to their respective tenants, and many other noblemen and gentlemen of property in Ireland, who are too numerous to infert in this work, but who are justly and defervedly esteemed. These three following forts of wheat are principally recommended, viz. the white lammas, the red bald lammas and the bearded wheat, and this last especially for cold moift grounds. When wheat is intended to be fown in Auguft, the farmer fhould have old feed and he fhould foak it in brine and lime it, which prepares it for sprouting and prevents fmut. The wheat brought into the haggard should be preferved upon stands, for all corn fo preferved there are premiums annually given by that truly patriotic body the Dublin Society. Beer barley requires the richest, mellowest and dryeft foil, it thrives beft in limestone land, which if dry and not fpringy, well cultivated and manured, will bring a large crop, and potatoe ground after one crop is excellent for producing this grain. English barley is a tender plant and cannot bear the froft. It has two rows of grains. It is more difficult to fave here than in England, the the grain having a thin fkin is early penetrated by the rain or wet lands, whereby it fwells, and if not well dried changes its colour. OATS. In this kingdom there are different kinds, viz. the common white, much approved of by feeders of horfes, English black oat which yields moft flour having a thin fkin, grey oat which is a poor fort, but will thrive where neither wheat nor barley will, it is therefore of great advantage to the husbandman. Large tracts of arable land having been converted into pafture for cattle, in the provinces of Ulfter and Munfter particularly, which have confiderably increased of late years, by this means feveral villages have been deferted by their inhabitants, many of whom were daily emigrating to America, efpecially from the ear 1774 to 1780; for the feeding of cattle requiring few hands, little expence, and not fo liable to cafualties by the badness of the weather, have induced many proprietors of land to purfue this method rather than tillage, which is too much neglected in many places, and though we find by repeated experience we have not enough to fupply ourfelyes, yet we frequently fee the families of one or two cabbins, being able to manage large dairies, which occupy great tracts of land, and can fubfift themselves with an acre or two of potatoes and a little milk, befides this practice is contrary to true policy, for the face of any country lying quite un1 2 improved, improved, there is not fufficient encouragement for artifts or manufacturers to fettle in the country. PROVINCE OF LEINSTER. The province of Leinfter is bounded on the North by Ulfter, on the Weft by Connaught, on the South by part of Munster and part of the Irish channel, and on the Eaft by the fame channel. Its length from North to South, i. e. from Waterford to Carlingford, amounts to about 104 miles, its breadth from eaft to weft, from Howth to Athlone about 56, the circumference is 360 miles. Its principal harbours are, Drogheda, Dublin, Dundalk, Wicklow, Arklow, and Wexford; and it comprizes twelvė counties, viz. Louth, East Meath, West Meath, Dublin, Kildare, King and Queen's County, Wicklow, Carlow, Kilkenny and Wexford. This province contains one archbishopric, 3 bifhoprics, and about 123,000 houses, 858 parishes, 99 baronies and 53 boroughs; its principal rivers are the Boyne, Liffey, Barrow, Nuer, Slane and the Inny. The Boyne is celebrated for the victory obtained on its banks by King William over King James. This province is computed to contain 2,642,958 Irifh plantation acres, or 4,281,155 British acres: it was formerly governed by petty kings of its own,; it is 14 now now the most populous in the kingdom and the inhabitants are the, moft polite, and, in general, as zealous proteftants as any in the British dominions. Leinfter is very well cultivated, enjoys a remarkable good air and abounds in corn, cattle, horfes, feafowland fifh. The bog of Allen, the largest in the kingdom, extends almost across the whole province from east to west, through which the New Canal is now cutting; the turf of this bog is esteemed the best in Ireland. This province gives the title of duke to the antient family of Fitzgerald, late earls of Kildare. The trustees of the linen manufacture for the province of Leinster, Lord Chancellor for the time being. Earl of Antrim Earl of Hillsborough, Lord Vif. Cuninghame. Lord Vifi Clermont. Lord Brabazoni Rt. Hon. Sir Archibald Achefon, Bt. Rt. Hon. James Fortescue. L. 3 County |