the nation, and confirmed by the Pope. But attempts on behalf of Henry's daughter Matilda, Countess of Anjou, soon commenced in Normandy, in the North of England by David of Scotland, in Wales, and gradually in all parts of England. One of these arose as fast as the other was quelled, and the Scots twice invaded England, the second time being defeated at the 'Battle of the Standard.' Stephen's attempt to curb the power of the clergy raised the whole ecclesiastical power of the country against him. Before his efforts to compromise matters were carried through Matilda again invaded England, and after four months' war Stephen was taken prisoner and confined in Bristol Castle. A short time elapsed before Stephen's queen found an opportunity of attacking the victorious party; and, in the end, Stephen was released, and the war, with various fortunes, carried on till Matilda was forced to leave the country. This struggle over, others rose into importance, and ere Stephen had succeeded in reducing his rebellious vassals, the son of his old enemy invaded England, and war was once more preparing. But an arrangement was come to by which Henry, Matilda's son, was declared Stephen's successor. For about a year longer Stephen held the throne and died 1154.

Stephen has been considered a noble specimen of the feudal lords of his time. His bravery was never tainted with cruelty, and the rage of civil war never made him implacable or ungenerous. He was imprudent, but he could gain and keep men's esteem, and the greatest blot upon his name is the ambition which brought upon the land, for fourteen years, misery and desolation.

3. What was the position of the barons in the time of Edward II.? and what was their conduct?

On account of Edward's weakness for a worthless favourite named Piers Gaveston, the barons took up a position inimical to him, and demanded the banishment of the minion. The king unwillingly yielded, but soon the favourite was brought back. The barons and others appointed the Ordainers' to reform the government, and again Piers was banished. Again he returned, but the barons, taking up arms, obliged him to surrender in Scarborough Castle, and he was beheaded on Blacklow Hill.

While Edward was wrangling with his barons, Scotland was preparing for the struggle for that independence which was won at Bannockburn. On Edward's return from defeat in Scotland he once more gave himself up to favourites, and the barons, assisted by the queen herself, took common cause against the king; who, captured in Glamorgan, was imprisoned in Berkeley Castle, where he was secretly murdered, 1327.

Composition.

Write full notes of a lesson on the oak.

ARTICLES ΤΟ BE SEEN.-Oak-leaf-oak-bark-piece of trunk-acorn-untanned leather-tanned leather-picture of tree, for children who cannot see the real thing.

DESCRIPTION.-Noble object in a landscape-king of treeslong-lived-of great size-stands the storm-roots firm in the ground, and go a great depth-grows naturally in Englandtwo kinds-one less firm and durable-the other has wood tough, hard, durable, no insect can pierce it-age known by counting the rings in trunk (explain why)--gall nuts found on leaves-oak tree best cut when it is over seventy or eighty years of age-fruit called acorns.

WHERE FOUND.-Grown in England, in forests belonging to the Crown-common in Spain, France, Portugal, Russia, Norway, Sweden, Scotland, Canada, India, etc. The English forests are-New Forest, Epping, Dean, and Sherwood.

USES.—Used wherever strength and durability are required— especially for ships-for furniture, carvings in churches, for roofs -all old buildings have oak-roofs. Oak-sawdust used as one of the chief ingredients in dyeing the different shades of brown and drab colour. Oak-bark employed for tanning leather, for fuel and manure. Acorns used for feeding pigs; formerly eaten by the peasantry of this country, and still eaten in Spain and Asia Minor. Gall-nuts used in dyeing black.

HISTORICAL NOTES. - Venerated by the Druids-William Rufus met his death by an arrow glancing from an oakCharles II. concealed himself in an oak at Boscobel.

Penmanship.

Write, in large hand, as a specimen of copy-setting, the word Egyptian.

Write, in small hand, as a specimen of copy-setting, Land Tenure and Agriculture in Russia.

Produce AB, CB, and DB, to E, G, and F respectively. Then by I.15, the opposite vertical angles made by the straight lines cutting each other are equal, that is, the angles ABF, FBC, CBE, on one side of AE, are equal to EBD, DBG, GBA on the other; and by the 13th proposition ABF, FBE, or ABF, FBC, CBE, are equal to two right angles; and for the same reason the three angles on the other side of AE are equal to two right angles. Therefore the angles made by ABC, CBD, DBA, are equal to four right angles. Hence it is evident that though a great number of angles be made by lines meeting in the same point, yet the four original right angles are sub-divided, but neither increased nor diminished.

3. At a given point in a given straight line, to make a rectilineal angle equal to a given rectilineal angle. Prop. 23, Book I.

3. Find the difference between the present worth and the nominal value of a bill for £3152 135, 54d. drawn October 13th at 4 months, and discounted December 5th at 5 per cent. (a) The bill is due on the 16th Feb. of ensuing year.

From Dec. 5th till Feb. 16th there are 73 days, including
days of grace.

365: 73::£5: £1 interest on £100.
.. 101: 1003152 13s. 54d. : pres. val.
£3152 13s. 54d. x18 = £3121 9s. 2d.

(b) Interest = 3152 13s. 54d. xJ8% ×180=

=

= £3152 13s. 5d.

(b) By the mood of verbs is meant the variation of form, by means of which we can show to the mind the mood or manner in which the action or fact denoted by the verb is connected in our thoughts with the thing that is spoken of.

From the above 'love' is an example of the imperative (or commanding mood); 'were' of the subjunctive (or mood of conception); and 'to climb' of the infinitive (or mood unlimited by person, number, or time).

(c) Those who wish to be my followers must lead a life of virtue, for that alone is the life of true liberty. If virtue was not powerful enough to carry us to a land beyond the sky, heaven itself would come down to assist virtue.

2. Give the meaning of the Latin prefixes ad, dis, sub, and show by examples how the spelling of these words is sometimes changed in composition.

Ad means 'to,' and in composition becomes ac, af, ag, al, an, ap, ar, as, at; as, address, accede, affect, aggrieve, allege, annex, append, arrest, assent.

Dis (asunder) becomes di, dif, de; as, distend, diverge, dif- . fer, deluge.

Sub (under, after) becomes suc, suf, sug, sum, sup, sur, sus; as, submerge, succeed, suffice, suggest, summon, suppose, surmount, suspend.

Geography.

Answer either Q. 2 or Q. 3, not both.

1. Draw a full map of Egypt, Arabia, and the Isthmus of Suez. Insert the lines of latitude and longitude.

2. Give notes of a lesson on 'The Caspian Sea.' Notes on the 'CASPIAN SEA.'

Sketch of the Caspian to be made on the blackboard. Position-Lies on south-eastern boundary of Europe-Caucasia on western-Persia on southern shore-Russia on north and east.

Character a vast salt-water lake-largest strictly inland expanse of water in the world-called a 'sea' by the ancients, who thought it a part of the Northern Ocean-remarkable from its surface being below the general level of the waters of the globe, and having no outlet.

Extent-640 miles long-from 100 to 200 miles broad-covers an area of from 130,000 to 180,000 sq. miles.

Feeders-principal rivers running into it-the Volga (2,200 miles), longest of European rivers-the Ural (1,150 miles), Terek (300 miles), Kour (550 miles), and the Atrek.

How surplus water is got rid of supply of rain and river water seems to be exactly equal to the amount evaporated-were this not the case an alteration of level would be the result -present level remains unchanged.

Note the Caspian Sea has no tides-waters are moderately salt-it is shallow-stormy-of difficult navigation—and has a few indifferent ports.

3. A prisoner in Siberia made his escape, and travelled across the continent to Calcutta. Describe his journey.

Supposing him to have reached Kiakhta, or one of the trading towns on the frontiers of Siberia, he might join one of the caravans returning from that town to Kashgar or Yarkand, in Eastern Turkestan. To reach either of these the caravan would travel through the Great Desert of Shamo, in Mongolia. From Yarkand, whose bazaars are crowded with merchants from every country in Asia, he could make his way to Iltchi, the capital of Kotan, then taking advantage of a pass in the Kuen Lun, and crossing the valley enter Kashmir through one of the passes in the Karakorum Mnts. Being now in British terri

tory he might rest after his travels in the Vale of Kashmir, and then following the route of the proposed railway from Jhelam to Lahur. At Lahur he could take the railway, and on the journey pass Delhi, Agra, Kanhpur (Cawnpore, Allahabad, Benares, Patna, Chandernagore (belonging to France), and Serampoor.

SECOND PAPER.

Two hours and a half allowed.

History.

I. When and how did the House of Tudor obtain the throne?

By the defeat and death of Richard III. at Bosworth, in 1485; the victor, Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond, was crowned king by Lord Stanley on the field of battle. Henry VII. was the first of the Tudor dynasty, and by his marriage with Elizabeth of York, he represented the two rival houses, for he himself was a Lancastrian, and thus he brought about the Union of the Roses.

2. Show that the power of the Commons was gaining strength under James I.

In 1604 James was reminded by the Commons that he was a limited monarch, and that every Bill must pass the two Houses before it could be submitted to him, and that new laws could not be made nor old ones abolished by any other power than by the agreement of Commons, Lords, and sovereign. In the same year they established their right to decide contested elections, and they presented an Apology to the king regarding their privileges. The object of the Apology was to put on record a protest against misinformation delivered to his majesty, and to assert the Constitutional rights and liberties of Parliament. They maintained that they held these privileges of right and not of grace; that they were not a court of record; and that the examination of writs was without their compass, and belonged to chancery.

The Commons, generally so tame in the early Tudor period, gradually gathered courage, and before it closed were awake to their duties and power. The absolute tendency of James I. and his absurd theory of 'divine right,' led the Commons to take a very decided tone.

3. What European nations aided the American colonies in the War of Independence? Explain the perilous condition of England at that time.

The Americans were directly aided by the French in men and money. Indirectly they were assisted by the European nations that were at war with England during the latter years of the American war. Besides France, Spain and Holland were in arms against her. Russia, Sweden, and Denmark formed an armed neutrality which meant that when an opportunity offered they would jon her more active and aggressive neighbours. Notwithstanding these fearful odds against her, England, as all the world knows, finally triumphed.

Penmanship.

Write, in large hand, as a specimen of copy-setting, the word Egyptian.

Write, in small band, as a specimen of copy-setting, Land Tenure and Agriculture in Russia.

Composition.

Write from memory the substance of the passage read to you by the Inspector.

Euclid.

MALES.

Answer two Questions, including Q. I, if you can. [All generally understood abbreviations for words may be used.] 1. From a given point draw a line making equal angles with two given lines.

Let AB, CD be the two given lines, and E the given point, then if AB, CD be parallel any straight line drawn from E to meet AB, CD perpendicularly will make equal angles with them; but if not, let them be produced to meet in F.

From E draw EHG perpendicular to FG, and produce it to meetFB in K. EHK shall make equal angles with AB, CD, that is FB, FD. The angles KFG, HFG are equal by construction, and the angles at G right angles. The side FG is also common to the two triangles KFG, HFG... the two triangles (I. 26) are equal in every respect, and therefore the angle FKG is equal to FHG. That is, HK makes equal angles with FB, FD. (Q.E.F.) If the point E lie between the lines, produce EG both ways to R and H.

2. If a straight line fall upon two parallel straight lines, it makes the alternate angles equal to one another; and the exterior angle equal to the interior and opposite upon the same side; and likewise the two interior angles upon the same side together equal to two`right angles.

A and B do + or in a day of 11 hours. That is per hour... working 10 hours together, they do× 10= in a day of 10 hours, or the whole in 3 davs. Ans.

Grammar.

I. 'Seeke the good of others, but be not in bondage to their faces or fancies; for that is but facilitie or softness; which taketh an honest minde prisoner. Neither give thou Æsop's cock a gemme who would be better pleased, and happier if he had had a barley-corne.'-BACON.

(a) Give an example from the above of a compound and of a complex sentence, and define what a compound and what a complex sentence is.

(b) Parse the words in italics.

(c) To what 'period' of the English language does the above passage belong? Notice any points in which it differs from the English now in use?

(a) (1) Seeke the good of others, but be not in bondage to their faces or fancies,' is a compound sentence. Neither give thou Æsop's cock a gemme who would be better pleased if he had had a barley-corne,' is a complex sentence.

(2) A compound sentence is composed of two or more coordinate principal sentences.

A complex sentence while containing but one principal subject, and one principal predicate, has two or more finite verbs. (b) Seeke-irreg. trans. verb, seek, sought, sought, imper. pres. indef., 2nd pers. sing. agr. with subj. (thou.) others-indef. pron., com., plur., obj., gov. by 'of.' be-irreg. intrans. verb., am, was, been, imper., pres. indef., 2nd pers. sing., agr. with (thou.)

that demonst. adj. pron., 3rd pers. sing., neut., nom., subj. of 'is.'

but-adv. mod. 'is.'

prisoner-com. noun. neut. sing., obj. by 'taketh.' better-adv. comp. deg., mod. pleased.'

pleased-complete part. of reg. verb. please, qual. 'who.' had-complete part. of irreg. verb, have, had, had, forming with 'had' the pluperf. indic.

(c) The passage belongs to that period of English Literature called the Age of Elizabeth' (1575-1616). It differs from the English of the present time in idiom, spelling, and style. Seeke, minde, corne, are now spelt without the final e, facilitie is spelt with y instead of ie, and is never used now in the same sense as in the above. Gemme has lost the final me, and we would consider 'who' too far from its antecedent. Modern English would have made the arrangement much less stiff, much simpler and clearer.

2. What are the Latin words from which the following names of places are derived :-Chester, Stratford, Fossbury? Give the meaning of each Latin word, and mention any other names of places (that may occur to you) which are derived from the

course is south, along the coast of Patagonia.-Passing the Falkland Islands on our left, we reach the Strait of Magellan, which is 300 miles long, and from one to forty miles broad. Its shores are rugged and extremely dangerous, owing to currents. -Here is a group of islands called Tierra del Fuego, or 'Land of Fire;' so named from their volcanic origin.-The inhabitants are sunk in the deepest barbarism.-Proceeding up the west coast of Patagonia, we pass a chain of islands, the largest of which is Wellington Island.-Chiloe is a fertile island, with abundance of cattle.-On the coast of Chili we pass Conception, and further north Valparaiso, a flourishing town, the centre of a great trade in tallow, hides, etc., and Coquimbo, another port of Chili, with mineral exports, especially copper.-Juan Fernandez, opposite Valparaiso, was the island where Alexander Selkirk lived his solitary life, and thus was the original of 'Robinson Crusoe.'-Proceeding northwards the next important place is Arica, the outlet for the produce of Bolivia.-Close to this port lies the island of Guano, from which manure is obtained. Our course now lies in a north-westerly direction till we arrive at Callao, the port of Lima, the capital of Peru, which lies six miles from the coast.-A short distance south of this are the Chinca Islands, noted for guano deposits.

3. Name six important towns in the United States, and describe the situation and character of each.

New York is situated on Manhattan Island, at the confluence of the Hudson and East River. The city is triangular in form, and traversed by regular and handsome streets, the largest of which is the famous Broadway. New York is the chief commercial emporium of the New World. Brooklyn, on the opposite shore of the Hudson, is regarded as a suburb of the city.

Philadelphia, at the confluence of the Delaware and Schuylkill, formerly the capital of the United States, is the second city in the Union in regard to population and importance.

St. Louis, a large and growing city on the right bank of the Mississippi, 1,200 miles above the mouth of the river, is the centre of the overland trade with Mexico, and an important military station.

Chicago, situated on Lake Michigan, in the heart of the great grain-producing States, is one of the largest grain markets in the world. It is also the great shipping depôt of an immense fertile region.

Cincinnati is admirably situated in regard to commercial facilities, and carries on an immense traffic by means of its river, canal, and railway communications.

New Orleans, on the left bank of the Mississippi, 105 miles from its mouth, is by far the most important in the vast riverbasin in which it is situated, possesses unrivalled advantages for inland trade, and, next to New York, is the principal emporium of the Union.

SECOND PAPER.

Two hours and a half allowed. History.

1. How did William the Lion fall into the hands of Henry II., and upon what terms did he obtain release?

During the revolt of the English baronage in the reign of Henry II., William the Lion, to assist them, laid siege to Alnwick Castle. He was surprised by Glanville, one of Henry's generals, and captured. William was not released until he consented to hold his crown of Henry and his heirs. The prelates and lords of Scotland did homage to Henry as to their direct lord, and a right of appeal in all Scotch causes was allowed to the superior court of the English suzerain.

2. In 1798, how came English and French to be fighting in Egypt? Give some account of the battle of Alexandria.

Napoleon's ambition led him to form a grand scheme for the conquest of our possessions in India; and as Egypt was, and still is, the key to the gaining of that country, he landed a force at Alexandria. His fleet being destroyed by Nelson in Aboukir Bay, Napoleon left a portion of his forces in Egypt, and marched into Syria. The army left behind was attacked by Sir Ralph Abercromby. In the face of a tremendous fire from two thousand five hundred French, entrenched on the sand-hills near the shore, as well as from a number of big guns, Sir Ralph landed his men ; who, according to orders, did not fire a sho:, but charged with the bayonet the enemy stationed on the heights, put them to flight, and seized their cannon. About a

fortnight after the landing was effected was fought the decisive battle of Alexandria (1801), in which, after a sanguinary and protracted struggle, the British were victorious, the French General being forced to retreat with a loss of between three and four thousand men. The loss of the British was also heavy, and this was the last field of the victor, for Sir Ralph Abercromby received his death-wound.

3. When did the First Imperial Parliament of Great Britain and Ireland assemble, and how was it composed ?

The First Imperial Parliament of Great Britain and Ireland assembled on the 1st of January, 1801. To the House of Commons England sent 486, Wales 27, Ireland 100, and Scotland 45 members. To the House of Lords Ireland sent 28 temporal and 4 spiritual; Scotland, 16 temporal; England, about 400 temporal and spiritual peers.

Penmanship.

Write in large hand, as a specimen of copy-setting, the word Egyptian.

Write in small hand, as a specimen of copy-setting, Land Tenure and Agriculture in Russia.

Composition.

Write a short essay on Fables and their uses. (Illustrate the subject by giving any fable you can remember.)

FABLES AND THEIR USES.

In a general sense fables mean fictitious narratives, but they also mean more particularly a species of composition, consisting of short fictitious tales, written for the purpose of teaching some moral truth or precept. The fable is sometimes divided into two kinds, the fable proper and the parable. The parable narrates some incident which, although it may not have happened exactly as the narrator supposes, yet could have happened, there being nothing impossible or improbable in it. The fable proper. on the other hand, relates facts which are evidently untrue, and could not have happened; such as animals, or even inanimate things speaking, but which serve as comparisons for the actions of men. The fable embodies a moral in a special case; this is invested with reality, and narrated as a story, which suggests the moral at once. Thus the well-known story of 'The Man and the Bundle of Sticks' embodies a moral truth, namely, the power of union.

Many of the fables proper, or Apologues as they are called, turn upon the actions and characteristics of animals. This practice has evidently risen out of the circumstance that the animals chosen have a certain fixed character; as the cunning of the fox, the strength of the lion, the meekness of the lamb. When a fable is lengthened into details, so as to form long and sustained comparison, it is called an Allegory.