APPENDIX I.

PROGRAM OF PREPARATORY MILITARY TRAINING IN BAVARIA.

1. Quick, silent movements in line and column, either at halt or at marching in a given direction.

Division of the school into platoons and squads, carried out as in company

drill.

2. The formation of a skirmish line and quick, silent assembling. When assembling the men are required to take proper alignment and intervals without command.

3. Simple marchings in column with change of direction on command and signals.

4. Exercises in marching in accordance with hygienic instructions. Regulation of step length and cadence. Long, easy step must be insisted upon.

5. Terrain exercises and singing national songs may take place during the march.

5a. Simple exercises in security services on the march.

6. Formation of a skirmish line and its movement in conformity with a given terrain; these exercises should be occasionally interrupted by assembling in order to secure quick response to command.

7. Every movement of juvenile units should be smart and cheerful without, however, affecting the accuracy of the drill. Immediate and accurate execution of all commands, orders, and signals of the commanding officer is an absolute requirement.

8. Elements of knowledge of terrain, its importance and utilization in combat, connected with data relative to modern fire efficacy.

9. Description of terrain, with short, exact specifications of small objects, preliminary to the practice in examination and description of the target.

10. Visual exercises of various kinds.

11. Distance estimating.

12. Prompt naming and discerning of similar objects.

13. Mnemonic exercises with the view of preparing the pupils for reporting orally their observations.

14. Hearing exercises.

15. Making correct conclusions from observation of terrain.

16. Accurate and true reporting upon observations made; also reporting service generally.

17. Correct repetition of short orders.

18. Exact orienting of others in a terrain.

19. The use of the watch, compass, distance measuring apparatus, and the knowledge of Morse code.

20. The use of maps.

More attention must be given, however, to the de

velopment of sight and hearing.

21. Flag signaling.

22. Field gymnastics.

23. Small emergency works: Tying knots, recovery of floating objects, use of rafts, making emergency boats, building log bridges, crossings of various kinds, construction of tents, cabins, dugout fireplaces, kindling a fire and cooking, camp works.

24. Emergency stretcher. First aid to wounded.

25. The utilization of terrain for cover and for approaching the enemy. 26. Position and digging-in of a skirmish line.

27. Quick movements from cover to cover, both in advance and retreat. 28. Instruction in mutual assistance.

29. Advance guard service; how to place the advance guard detachments, etc.

30. In all of the above exercises every opportunity must be used to employ the youths in independent errands in the services of orderlies, in transportation, relay, and scouting, in order to develop their resourcefulness, dependability, and trustworthiness.

31. All means must be used to train the youths in endurance and strong will. No task once undertaken should be given up. Every one must fulfill his duty to the end.

32. Purely physical training in free exercises, gymnastics, running, games, etc. These should be short but given frequently.

33. Theoretical instruction in evening hours and in bad weather.

APPENDIX II.

PROGRAM OF PREPARATORY MILITARY TRAINING IN SWITZERLAND.

PART 1.

First year (7 to 8 years).-Drill (position and alignment). Facing by jumps, individually. Simple arm and leg exercises. Marking time, marching in circle and serpentine; marching with songs. Equilibrium on a bench. Preparation for a jump. Simple games. Breathing exercises.

Second year (8 to 9 years).-Drill (fall in and fall out). Position in double ranks. Simple arm and leg exercises. Exercises preparatory to gymnastics with apparatus. Quick-time marching, countermarching, half-step and tip-toe marching. Exercises in equilibrium. Simple jumps. Games. Breathing exercises.

Third year (9 to 10 years).-Drill in close-order formation (formation of a column, opening and closing the ranks). Arm, leg, head, and trunk exercises. Change of step in marching; double-time. Simple exercises with apparatus. Various jumps. Games. Breathing exercises.

PART 2.

Fourth year (10 to 11 years).-Drill in close-order formation (turning individually and by elements). Combined exercises, arms and legs, head and trunk. Suspension exercises (wall, ladder, horizontal bar, and climbing pole). Marchings in various steps and in double-time. Exercises of support (beam and parallel bars). Various jumps. Games and swimming. Breathing exercises. (Official manual, first year.)

Fifth year (11 to 12 years).—Review of close-order drill of the preceding year. Simultaneous exercises of arms and legs, arms, and trunk. Various marchings. Gymnastics with apparatus. Various jumps. Games and swimming. Breathing exercises. (Official manual, second year.)

PART 3.

Sixth year (12 to 13 years).-Drill in close-order formation (taking distances and intervals). Free exercises with canes putting in action different parts of the body. Various marchings. Gymnastics with apparatus. Exercises in equilibrium. Various jumps; jumps with obstacles. Games and swimming. Breathing exercises. (Official manual, third year.)

Seventh year (13 to 14 years).-Drill in close-order formation. Free exercises and exercises with canes. Gymnastic with apparatus. Oblique marchings, marchings by squads, platoons, etc. Various jumps, with obstacles, etc. Games and swimming. Breathing exercises. (Official manual, fourth year.)